scholarly journals Comparison of Pigtail with J Anchor Bolt in Normal Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairi Osman ◽  
Mohamad Nur Mustaqim Abd Shukor ◽  
Suraya Hani Adnan ◽  
Mohamad Luthfi Ahmad Jeni ◽  
Mohd Sufyan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Anchor Bolts

Anchor bolts have been used to attach the steel structure of concrete and transfer load into the concrete. Anchor bolts in concrete are to withstand the shear force as they connect steel beams to the reinforced concrete foundations. The research was carried out to increase the understanding and investigating the performance of anchor bolts Pigtail since there is a lack of research on the bolt and to compare it with anchor bolts J which have been widely used by the industry. According to the methodology, testing the tensile load was used in this research to get a maximum load capacity of the anchor bolt in concrete. The sample was embedded in concrete cylinders of 75mm radius and 300mm height. Depths of embedment were 200mm, 230mm, and 260mm. The Universal Testing Machine, UTM was used to test the strength of tensile. 12 samples were used, each type and depth used two samples to get the average value using concrete grade 30. The samples underwent the process of curing for 28 days. The anchor bolts J used a 40mm bending radius and the length of hook was 100mm. Anchor bolts pigtail also used the 10 bending radius with depth of 8mm that have been compressed using 16mm radius rigs with a load of 500kN. Results of the research showed the depth of 260mm for Pigtail almost the same with J 60.529kN and 53.628kN and anchor bolts J were 75.557kN and 76.332kN. Difference of the values was not too far vary when compared with the 200mm and 230mm depths. Each comparison showed the ability of each bolt and anchor bolt failure occurred. Performance of the anchor bolts pigtail can be used on a structure or a higher load at an embedment of 260mm. Embedment of 200mm and 230mm can be used on a lighter load if steel material saving is a priority in every usage.

scholarly journals Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Bending Moment Effect on Hollow Columns of Multi-layers of Hybrid Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Ayad A. Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Alumina Composite ◽  
Moment Effect

This paper presented the effect of bending on multi-layer of hollow columns of Hybrid materials (Carbon-Glass /epoxy-Alumina) composite this effect occurred and volume fraction of fibers. An experimental procedure was developed to study the performance of these effects under bending load using a hydraulic bending device type (MATEST. SRL) testing machine. This study has three forms through the selection of columns hollows width to thickness (a/b) (0.5, 1 and 2) with three types of layers of samples (2,4 and8) layers. The ultimate load of failure for each Hybrid/epoxy-Al2O3 had been determined and specified the optimum volume fraction (Vf) due to the effect of mixing 50% and 60% were low in the case for compared 55% volume fraction. To simulate this problem the researcher used Explicit Mesh for AUTODYN under ANSYS-15 software, it was found that maximum bending load for Hybrid/ Epoxy-Al2O3 Specimens, the maximum load of specimens increased with increasing number of layers from 2L to 8L. The results also identified that the maximum load capacity by 55% volume fraction and a/b=0.5 of all composite specimens was highest from the others types of (50% and 60%) volume fractions and (a/b=1 and a/b=2) .Also, the Increasing ratio of stress capacity for specimens have 4 to 2 layers (4/2)  and 8 to 4  (8/4) for experimental results have maximum value with increasing by 48.19%  and 46.84% at (Sp.4#8/Sp.2#4) and (Sp.8#6/Sp.4#6) respectively.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study on the Pull-Out Strength of Anchor Bolts Embedded in Concrete Members by SPH Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8526
Author(s):  
Chi Lu ◽  
Yoshimi Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Sph Method ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Failure Patterns ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Anchor Bolts ◽  
Pull Out Strength

As an important method for connecting structural members, anchor bolts have been installed in many situations. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the pull-out strength of anchor bolts has always been an important issue, considering the complicated actual installation conditions and the problem of aging deterioration of the structural members. In general, the patterns of pull-out failure of anchor bolts can be classified into three types: adhesion failure, cone failure, and bolt break. However, it sometimes shows a mixed fracture pattern, and it is not always easy to predict the accurate pull-out strength. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the pull-out strength of anchor bolts under various installation conditions using SPH, which can analyze the crack growth process in the concrete. In particular, the anchor bolt-concrete interface model was introduced to SPH analysis in order to consider the bond failure, and it was confirmed that various failure patterns and the load capacity could be predicted by proposed SPH method. After that, the influence of several parameters, such as bond stress limit, anchor bolt diameter, and the anchor bolt embedment depth on the failure patterns and the load capacity, were investigated by numerical calculation. Furthermore, several useful suggestions on the pull-out strength of anchor bolts under improper installation conditions, such as the ends of members for the purpose of seismic retrofitting, are presented.

scholarly journals PULL AND BENDING FORCE USING FIBERGLASS WR EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND FIBER CARBON EPOXY

Vortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alphario Rachmatino Yudiana
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
College Of Technology

Bending testing is carried out in the lab. Nurtanio Adisutjipto College of Technology Yogyakarta uses the Gotech Testing Machine INC (Universal Testing Machine) UTM testing machine where the results obtained in the test are in the form of a graphic in which the maximum load value, elastic modulus, area, yield point and span have been obtained. From the results of these tests, we can compare the average value of the maximum load and the modulus of elasticity received in each specimen with variations in carbon fiber and WR fiberglass.

scholarly journals Effect of Nb on β → α ″ Martensitic Phase Transformation and Characterization of New Biomedical Ti-xNb-3Fe-9Zr Alloys

Scanning ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Syed Faraz Jawed ◽  
Chirag Dhirajlal Rabadia ◽  
Fahad Azim ◽  
Saad Jawaid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Slip Bands ◽  
Melting Technique ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
New Generation

A new generation of Ti-xNb-3Fe-9Zr ( x = 15 , 20, 25, 30, 35 wt %) alloys have been designed using various theoretical approaches including DV-xα cluster, molybdenum equivalency, and electron to atom ratio. Afterward, designed alloys are fabricated using cold crucible levitation melting technique. The microstructure and mechanical performances of newly designed alloys are characterized in this work using scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine, respectively. Each alloy demonstrates monolithic β phase except Ti-35Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy which display dual α ″ + β phases. Typically, niobium acts as an isomorphous beta stabilizer. However, in this work, formation of martensitic α ″ phases occurs at 35 wt % of niobium among the series of newly designed alloys. Furthermore, none of the alloys fail till the maximum load capacity of machine, i.e., 100 KN except Ti-35Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy. Moreover, the Vickers hardness test is carried out on Ti-xNb-3Fe-9Zr alloys which demonstrate slip bands around the indentation for each alloy. Notably, the deformation bands and cracks around the indentations of each alloy have been observed using optical microscopy; Ti-35Nb-3Fe-9Zr demonstrates some cracks along with slip bands around its indentation. The Ti-25Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy shows the highest yield strength of 1043 ± 20   MPa , large plasticity of 32 ± 0.5 % , and adequate hardness of 152 ± 3.90   Hv among the investigated alloys. The Ti-25Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy demonstrates good blend of strength and malleability. Therefore, Ti-25Nb-3Fe-9Zr can be used effectively for the biomedical applications.

DIFFERENT GLUELINE THICKNESSES PULL-OUT BEHAVIOUR OF MENGKULANG GLULAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Anita Raja Hussin ◽  
Oon Vincent ◽  
Rohana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Line Thickness ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Pull Out Strength

Timber connection is still facing inadequacy of engineering studies. Mechanical and adhesive joints are the two main types of connections being used for timber connection. In this study, pull-out strength test is carried to determine the best glue line thickness and the failure modes occur. Three different glue-line thicknesses of 2mm, 3mm and 4mm was tested with holes thicknesses of 14mm, 16mm and 18mm  respectively were drilled on 9 with 3 specimens of each thickness. This test is carried out until failure in the specimen by using the Universal Testing Machine with load capacity of 1000kN and at the rate of 2mm/min. Phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) is the adhesive used for the strengthening purposes with ratio of PRF hardener and resin of 1:5 was used in this experiment. The dowel glued-in steel dowel is 10 mm in diameter from S 235 steel type. For the results; The data shows that glue line thickness of 2mm does generate the highest maximum load compared to 3mm and 4mm of glue line thickness with the value of 2.394kN compared to 2.223kN and 1.789kN respectively. However, glue line thickness of 3mm shows highest breaking load of 1.714kN compared to 1.631kN of 2mm glue line thickness and 1.454kN of 4mm glue line thickness. Therefore, it is proven that the 2mm glue line thickness is more superior in strength and shear stress than 3mm and 4mm of glue line thickness.

scholarly journals Bond strength test of acrylic artificial teeth with prosthetic base

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Kurnikasari ◽  
Muslich Mahmud ◽  
Hasna Dziab
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Rectangular Shape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Dunnett Test ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
One Way Anova

Denture consists of acrylic artificial teeth and acrylic prothesis base bond chemically with a bond strength of 315 kgF/cm2. Most of the commercial acrylic artificial teeth do not specify their specifications and all of those acrylic artificial teeth do not include mechanical data (bond strength). The aim of this study is to discover which acrylic artificial teeth meet ADA specification no. 15. This study is a descriptive analytic study performed to 5 acrylic artificial teeth posterior brands commonly used by dentists and technicians. From each brand, 3 sample teeth were taken. The acrylic artificial teeth were prepared into a rectangular shape and were attached between acrylic prothesis base simulation and jigs. The sample was given tensile load using a Universal Testing Machine. The amount of force that causes the teeth to be fractured was recorded and the bond strength was calculated. The results of the study show that the average value for the five acrylic artificial teeth for the five brands were as followed: Brand A, 125.993 kgF/cm2; B, 188.457 kgF/cm2; C, 175.880 kgF/cm2; D, 153.373 kgF/cm2; E, 82.839 kgF/cm2. The data can be tested statistically by using One Way ANOVA test and Dunnett test (alpha = 0.05). From the study, it is concluded that the five acrylic artificial teeth have a bond strength below the ADA specification no. 15.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of an Aerostatic Pad Controlled by a Diaphragm Valve

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Federico Colombo ◽  
Luigi Lentini ◽  
Terenziano Raparelli ◽  
Andrea Trivella ◽  
Vladimir Viktorov
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Diaphragm Valve ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
Aerostatic Bearings ◽  
Gap Height

Because of their distinctive characteristics, aerostatic bearings are particularly suitable for high-precision applications. However, because of the compressibility of the lubricant, this kind of bearing is characterized by low relative stiffness and poor damping. Compensation methods represent a valuable solution to these limitations. This paper presents a design procedure for passively compensated bearings controlled by diaphragm valves. Given a desired air gap height at which the system should work, the procedure makes it possible to maximize the stiffness of the bearing around this value. The designed bearings exhibit a quasi-static infinite stiffness for load variation ranging from 20% to almost 50% of the maximum load capacity of the bearing. Moreover, the influence of different parameters on the performance of the compensated pad is evaluated through a sensitivity analysis.

Strength of side-to-side and step-cut repairs in tendon transfers: biomechanical testing of porcine flexor tendons

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Eivind Strandenes ◽  
Peter Ellison ◽  
Anders O. Mølster ◽  
Nils R. Gjerdet ◽  
Irene O. Moldestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Side Group ◽  
Tendon Transfers ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Active Mobilization ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the study was to compare side-to-side with step-cut repairs to determine how much of the width it is possible to remove and still keep the repair strong enough to start active mobilization. Porcine flexor tendons were used to create side-to-side, one-third step-cut and half step-cut repairs. There were 15 repairs in each group. The tensile properties of the constructs were measured in a biomechanical testing machine. All repairs failed by the sutures splitting the tendon longitudinally. The maximum load and stiffness were highest in the side-to-side group. Our findings suggest that the half step-cut repair can withstand the forces exerted during active unrestricted movement of the digits in tendons of this size. The advantage of the step-cut repair is reduced bulkiness and less friction, which might compensate for the difference in strength.

Dependency of Machine Efficiency on the Thermal Behavior of Induction Machines

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Svenja Kalt ◽  
Karl Ludwig Stolle ◽  
Philipp Neuhaus ◽  
Thomas Herrmann ◽  
Alexander Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
The Impact

The consideration of the thermal behavior of electric machines is becoming increasingly important in the machine design for electric vehicles due to the adaptation to more dynamic operating points compared to stationary applications. Whereas, the dependency of machine efficiency on thermal behavior is caused due to the impact of temperature on the resulting loss types. This leads to a shift of efficiency areas in the efficiency diagram of electric machines and has a significant impact on the maximum load capability and an impact on the cycle efficiency during operation, resulting in a reduction in the overall range of the electric vehicle. Therefore, this article aims at analyzing the thermal load limits of induction machines in regard to actual operation using measured driving data of battery electric vehicles. For this, a thermal model is implemented using MATLAB® and investigations to the sensitivity of model parameters as well as analysis of the continuous load capacity, thermal load and efficiency in driving cycles under changing boundary conditions are conducted.

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