scholarly journals Bacterial Biofilm Growth on Various Dental Stabilization Systems for Avulsed and Luxated Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8982
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mona ◽  
Clay Walker ◽  
Luciana M. Shaddox ◽  
Roberta Pileggi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Post Hoc

With the increased incidence of traumatic injuries and the advanced understanding of the periodontal and alveolar healing process, teeth splinting has become a common practice for stabilizing traumatized teeth. Consequently, several splinting materials and techniques have been introduced in the past few years. Despite the detrimental role of bacterial biofilm on healing, the level of biofilm development on these material surfaces has not been well investigated. Bacterial biofilms are severely detrimental for periodontal healing of avulsed and luxated teeth. Thus, biofilm growth becomes a critical factor in selecting the material of choice for dental splints. In this study, we aim to assess the level of oral biofilm growth on four different splinting systems: Ribbond©, orthodontic NiTi wire, monofilament fishing line, and Titanium Trauma Splint. A total of 72 extracted anterior teeth were divided into four groups. We splinted six rows of three teeth each per group. The teeth selected were caries-free and periodontitis-free at the time of extraction. To assess biofilm growth, a supragingival dental plaque sample was cultured and directly inoculated into all groups. After 7 days, bacterial growth was quantified by live/dead fluorescent microscopy assay and colony forming unit counts (CFU). Using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests, we demonstrated that all splint systems allowed for bacterial growth. However, the Titanium Trauma Splint (TTS) allowed for the least amount of biofilm growth compared to other splint systems.

Bifunctional Composites for Biofilms Modulation on Cervical Restorations

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110181
Author(s):  
A.A. Balhaddad ◽  
I.M. Garcia ◽  
L. Mokeem ◽  
M.S. Ibrahim ◽  
F.M. Collares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Log P ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Development

Cervical composites treating root carious and noncarious cervical lesions usually extend subgingivally. The subgingival margins of composites present poor plaque control, enhanced biofilm accumulation, and cause gingival irritation. A potential material to restore such lesions should combine agents that interfere with bacterial biofilm development and respond to acidic conditions. Here, we explore the use of new bioresponsive bifunctional dental composites against mature microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque samples. The designed formulations contain 2 bioactive agents: dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) at 3 to 5 wt.% and 20 wt.% nanosized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a base resin. Composites with no DMAHDM and NACP were used as controls. The newly formulated 5% DMAHDM–20% NACP composite was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The wettability and surface-free energy were also assessed. The inhibitory effect on the in vitro biofilm growth and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of survival bacterial colonies derived from the composites were analyzed. Whole-biofilm metabolic activity, polysaccharide production, and live/dead images of the biofilm grown over the composites complement the microbiological assays. Overall, the designed formulations had higher contact angles with water and lower surface-free energy compared to the commercial control. The DMAHDM-NACP composites significantly inhibited the growth of total microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum by 3 to 5-log ( P < 0.001). For the colony isolates from control composites, the composition was typically dominated by the genera Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Eikenella, and Leptotrichia, while Fusobacterium and Veillonella dominated the 5% DMAHDM–20% NACP composites. The DMAHDM-NACP composites contributed to over 80% of reduction in metabolic and polysaccharide activity. The suppression effect on plaque biofilms suggested that DMAHDM-NACP composites might be used as a bioactive material for cervical restorations. These results may propose an exciting path to prevent biofilm growth and improve dental composite restorations’ life span.

Bacterial Biofilms in Infective Endocarditis – A complex in vitro - Model to Investigate Emerging Technologies of Antimicrobial Cardiovascular Device Coatings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kursawe ◽  
Alexander Lauten ◽  
Marc Martinović ◽  
Klaus Affeld ◽  
Ulrich Kertzscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Biofilm Development

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Most biofilm flow-chambers are designed for standardized homogeneous biofilms for research purposes. These do not mimic the complexity of prosthetic heart valves, which consist of both artificial and biological material.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Infective endocarditis (IE) is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. IE is characterized by bacterial biofilms of the endocardium leading to destruction of the valve. Current research demonstrates that about one quarter of the patients with formal surgery indication cannot undergo surgery. This group of patients needs further options of therapy, but due to a lack of models for IE, prospects of research are low.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Therefore, the purpose of this project was to establish an in vitro - model of infective endocarditis to allow growth of bacterial biofilms on porcine aortic valves, serving as baseline for further research.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods and Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A pulsatile two-chamber circulation model was constructed that kept native porcine aortic valves under sterile, physiologic hemodynamic and temperature conditions. To exclude external contamination, sterility tests with sterile culture media were performed for 24h. During this time period, no growth of microorganisms was observed in the system and cultures after plating on standard media remained negative.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The system was inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis PIA 8400 to create biofilms on porcine aortic valves. Porcine aortic roots were incubated in this system for increasing periods of time and bacterial titration to evaluate bacterial growth and biofilm development on the valves. After incubation, specimens were embedded and tissue sections were analyzed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of the biofilms and bacterial activity.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Pilot tests for biofilm growth showed monospecies colonization consisting of cocci with time- and inocula-dependent increase. FISH visualized biofilms with ribosome-containing, and thus metabolic active cocci, tissue infiltration and similar colonization pattern as observed by FISH in human IE heart valves infected by S. epidermidis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results demonstrate the establishment of a novel complex in vitro - model for bacterial biofilm growth on porcine aortic roots. The model will allow identifying predilection sites of heart valves for bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth and it may serve as baseline for further research on IE therapy and prevention, e.g. the development of antimicrobial transcatheter approaches to IE.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Metabolic Remodeling during Biofilm Development ofBacillus subtilis

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippapha Pisithkul ◽  
Jeremy W. Schroeder ◽  
Edna A. Trujillo ◽  
Ponlkrit Yeesin ◽  
David M. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACTBiofilms are structured communities of tightly associated cells that constitute the predominant state of bacterial growth in natural and human-made environments. Although the core genetic circuitry that controls biofilm formation in model bacteria such asBacillus subtilishas been well characterized, little is known about the role that metabolism plays in this complex developmental process. Here, we performed a time-resolved analysis of the metabolic changes associated with pellicle biofilm formation and development inB. subtilisby combining metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. We report surprisingly widespread and dynamic remodeling of metabolism affecting central carbon metabolism, primary biosynthetic pathways, fermentation pathways, and secondary metabolism. Most of these metabolic alterations were hitherto unrecognized as biofilm associated. For example, we observed increased activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during early biofilm growth, a shift from fatty acid biosynthesis to fatty acid degradation, reorganization of iron metabolism and transport, and a switch from acetate to acetoin fermentation. Close agreement between metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic measurements indicated that remodeling of metabolism during biofilm development was largely controlled at the transcriptional level. Our results also provide insights into the transcription factors and regulatory networks involved in this complex metabolic remodeling. Following upon these results, we demonstrated that acetoin production via acetolactate synthase is essential for robust biofilm growth and has the dual role of conserving redox balance and maintaining extracellular pH. This report represents a comprehensive systems-level investigation of the metabolic remodeling occurring duringB. subtilisbiofilm development that will serve as a useful road map for future studies on biofilm physiology.IMPORTANCEBacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in natural environments and play an important role in many clinical, industrial, and ecological settings. Although much is known about the transcriptional regulatory networks that control biofilm formation in model bacteria such asBacillus subtilis, very little is known about the role of metabolism in this complex developmental process. To address this important knowledge gap, we performed a time-resolved analysis of the metabolic changes associated with bacterial biofilm development inB. subtilisby combining metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. Here, we report a widespread and dynamic remodeling of metabolism affecting central carbon metabolism, primary biosynthetic pathways, fermentation pathways, and secondary metabolism. This report serves as a unique hypothesis-generating resource for future studies on bacterial biofilm physiology. Outside the biofilm research area, this work should also prove relevant to any investigators interested in microbial physiology and metabolism.

scholarly journals Sinonasal Stent Coated with Slow-Release Varnish of Chlorhexidine Has Sustained Protection against Bacterial Biofilm Growth in the Sinonasal Cavity: An In Vitro Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cataldo Cataldo Russomando ◽  
Ronit Vogt Vogt Sionov ◽  
Michael Friedman ◽  
Irith Gati ◽  
Ron Eliashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The aim of the study was to develop a sustained-release varnish (SRV) containing chlorhexidine (CHX) for sinonasal stents (SNS) to reduce bacterial growth and biofilm formation in the sinonasal cavity. Segments of SNS were coated with SRV-CHX or SRV-placebo and exposed daily to bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 (PAO1). Anti-bacterial effects were assessed by disc diffusion assay and planktonic-based activity assay. Biofilm formation on the coated stents was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The metabolic activity of the biofilms was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Disc diffusion assay showed that SRV-CHX-coated SNS segments inhibited bacterial growth of S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 for 26 days and P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 for 19 days. CHX was released from coated SNS segments in a pH 6 medium up to 30 days, resulting in growth inhibition of S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 for 22 days and P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 for 24 days. The MTT assay showed a reduction of biofilm growth on the coated SNS by 69% for S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 and 40% for P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 compared to the placebo stent after repeated exposure to planktonic growing bacteria. CLSM and HR-SEM showed a significant reduction of biofilm formation on the SRV-CHX-coated SNS segments. Coating of SNS with SRV-CHX maintains a sustained delivery of CHX, providing an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC HER-1018 for approximately 3 weeks.

scholarly journals The Application of Impedance Spectroscopy for Pseudomonas Biofilm Monitoring during Phage Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Guła ◽  
Paulina Szymanowska ◽  
Tomasz Piasecki ◽  
Sylwia Góras ◽  
Teodor Gotszalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Phage Infection ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Planktonic Culture ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Development

Bacterial biofilm prevention and eradication are common treatment problems, hence there is a need for advanced and precise experimental methods for its monitoring. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has resulted in an interest in using a natural bacterial enemy—bacteriophages. In this study, we present the application of quartz tuning forks (QTF) as impedance sensors to determine in real-time the direct changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm growth dynamics during Pseudomonas phage LUZ 19 treatment at different multiplicities of infection (MOI). The impedance of the electric equivalent circuit (EEC) allowed us to measure the series resistance (Rs) corresponding to the growth-medium resistance (planktonic culture changes) and the conductance (G) corresponding to the level of QTF sensor surface coverage by bacterial cells and the extracellular polymer structure (EPS) matrix. It was shown that phage impacts on sessile cells (G dynamics) was very similar in the 10-day biofilm development regardless of applied MOI (0.1, 1 or 10). The application of phages at an early stage (at the sixth h) and on three-day biofilm caused a significant slowdown in biofilm dynamics, whereas the two-day biofilm turned out to be insensitive to phage infection. We observed an inhibitory effect of phage infection on the planktonic culture (Rs dynamics) regardless of the MOI applied and the time point of infection. Moreover, the Rs parameter made it possible to detect PAO1 population regrowth at the latest time points of incubation. The number of phage-insensitive forms reached the level of untreated culture at around the sixth day of infection. We conclude that the proposed impedance spectroscopy technique can be used to measure the physiological changes in the biofilm matrix composition, as well as the condition of planktonic cultures in order to evaluate the activity of anti-biofilm compounds.

scholarly journals BigR, a Transcriptional Repressor from Plant-Associated Bacteria, Regulates an Operon Implicated in Biofilm Growth

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (17) ◽  
pp. 6185-6194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosicler L. Barbosa ◽  
Celso E. Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem vessels, causing vascular occlusion due to bacterial biofilm growth. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving biofilm formation in Xylella-plant interactions. Here we show that BigR (for “biofilm growth-associated repressor”) is a novel helix-turn-helix repressor that controls the transcription of an operon implicated in biofilm growth. This operon, which encodes BigR, membrane proteins, and an unusual beta-lactamase-like hydrolase (BLH), is restricted to a few plant-associated bacteria, and thus, we sought to understand its regulation and function in X. fastidiosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. BigR binds to a palindromic AT-rich element (the BigR box) in the Xylella and Agrobacterium blh promoters and strongly represses the transcription of the operon in these cells. The BigR box overlaps with two alternative −10 regions identified in the blh promoters, and mutations in this box significantly affected transcription, indicating that BigR competes with the RNA polymerase for the same promoter site. Although BigR is similar to members of the ArsR/SmtB family of regulators, our data suggest that, in contrast to the initial prediction, it does not act as a metal sensor. Increased activity of the BigR operon was observed in both Xylella and Agrobacterium biofilms. In addition, an A. tumefaciens bigR mutant showed constitutive expression of operon genes and increased biofilm formation on glass surfaces and tobacco roots, indicating that the operon may play a role in cell adherence or biofilm development.

scholarly journals Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Prevents Bacterial Biofilm Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 4176-4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Overhage ◽  
Andrea Campisano ◽  
Manjeet Bains ◽  
Ellen C. W. Torfs ◽  
Bernd H. A. Rehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Host Defense Peptide ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT The ability to form biofilms is a critical factor in chronic infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has made this bacterium a model organism with respect to biofilm formation. This study describes a new, previously unrecognized role for the human cationic host defense peptide LL-37. In addition to its key role in modulating the innate immune response and weak antimicrobial activity, LL-37 potently inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilms in vitro. This occurred at the very low and physiologically meaningful concentration of 0.5 μg/ml, far below that required to kill or inhibit growth (MIC = 64 μg/ml). LL-37 also affected existing, pregrown P. aeruginosa biofilms. Similar results were obtained using the bovine neutrophil peptide indolicidin, but no inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was detected using subinhibitory concentrations of the mouse peptide CRAMP, which shares 67% identity with LL-37, polymyxin B, or the bovine bactenecin homolog Bac2A. Using microarrays and follow-up studies, we were able to demonstrate that LL-37 affected biofilm formation by decreasing the attachment of bacterial cells, stimulating twitching motility, and influencing two major quorum sensing systems (Las and Rhl), leading to the downregulation of genes essential for biofilm development.

scholarly journals Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Magana ◽  
Christina Sereti ◽  
Anastasios Ioannidis ◽  
Courtney A. Mitchell ◽  
Anthony R. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

SUMMARYBacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.

scholarly journals Oral streptococci growth on aging and non-aging esthetic restorations after radiotherapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana D. da Cruz ◽  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Cristiane de C. Bergamaschi ◽  
Frab N. Bóscolo ◽  
Francisco C. Groppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Therapeutic Irradiation

The aim of this study was to examine Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth on both aged and non-aged restorative dental resins, which were submitted to therapeutic irradiation. Sixty-four disks of an esthetic restorative material (Filtek Supreme) were divided into 2 groups: aged group (AG) and a non-aged group (NAG). Each group was subdivided into 4 subgroups: non-irradiated and irradiated with 10Gy, 35Gy, and 70Gy. The biofilms were produced by Streptococcus mutans UA159 growing on both AG and NAG surfaces. The colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) were evaluated by the ANOVA and the Tukey LSD tests (α=0.05). AG presented smaller amounts of CFU/mL than the NAG before irradiation and after 10Gy of irradiation (p<0.05). AG irradiated with 35 and 70Gy showed increased amount of bacterial biofilm when compared to non-irradiated and 10Gy-irradiated disks (p<0.05). The exposure to ionizing radiation at therapeutic doses promoted changes in bacterial adherence of aged dental restorative material.

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