scholarly journals Equinoctial Asymmetry in Solar Quiet Fields along the 120° E Meridian Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9150
Author(s):  
Yingyan Wu ◽  
Libo Liu ◽  
Zhipeng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Latitude Distribution ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quiet Day ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Dynamo Process

Equinoctial asymmetry of the range of the solar quiet day variation (Sq) of the horizontal geomagnetic field (H) has been found in some low latitude geomagnetic observatories. This study conducted an investigation of its latitude distribution and the relationship with the solar cycle by using the H field measurements from six observatories along the 120° E meridian chain in the years 1957–2013. Results illustrate a significant equinoctial asymmetry of the SqH range at all observatories. Three main features were identified. First, the signature of the equinoctial asymmetry of the SqH range is opposite for observatories located at the northern and southern sides of the Northern Hemisphere Sq current focus. It shows larger values around spring than autumn equinox at southern observatories, and the converse is seen at northern observatories. Second, the asymmetry increases with the distance from the Sq current focus, suggesting the stronger sensitivity of the distant observatories than observatories around the focus. The result of linear fitting presents a positive dependence of the asymmetry coefficient on geographic latitude, with a reversal of the asymmetry occurring at 28.1° N near the focus of the average Sq current. Third, there is no obvious dependence of the equinoctial asymmetry of the SqH range on solar activity, suggesting a possible cause from some regional factors related to the ionospheric dynamo process.

scholarly journals Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Bailey ◽  
Y. Z. Su ◽  
K.-I. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Topside Ionosphere ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
The North ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Observations made by the Hinotori satellite have been analysed to determine the yearly variations of the electron density and electron temperature in the low-latitude topside ionosphere. The observations reveal the existence of an equinoctial asymmetry in the topside electron density at low latitudes, i.e. the density is higher at one equinox than at the other. The asymmetry is hemisphere-dependent with the higher electron density occurring at the March equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and at the September equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. The asymmetry becomes stronger with increasing latitude in both hemispheres. The behaviour of the asymmetry has no significant longitudinal and magnetic activity variations. A mechanism for the equinoctial asymmetry has been investigated using CTIP (coupled thermosphere ionosphere plasmasphere model). The model results reproduce the observed equinoctial asymmetry and suggest that the asymmetry is caused by the north-south imbalance of the thermosphere and ionosphere at the equinoxes due to the slow response of the thermosphere arising from the effects of the global thermospheric circulation. The observations also show that the relationship between the electron density and electron temperature is different for daytime and nighttime. During daytime the yearly variation of the electron temperature has negative correlation with the electron density, except at magnetic latitudes lower than 10°. At night, the correlation is positive.Key words: Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; plasma temperature and density)

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Grare
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship

India’s relationship with the United States remains crucial to its own objectives, but is also ambiguous. The asymmetry of power between the two countries is such that the relationship, if potentially useful, is not necessary for the United States while potentially risky for India. Moreover, the shift of the political centre of gravity of Asia — resulting from the growing rivalry between China and the US — is eroding the foundations of India’s policy in Asia, while prospects for greater economic interaction is limited by India’s slow pace of reforms. The future of India-US relations lies in their capacity to evolve a new quid pro quo in which the US will formulate its expectations in more realistic terms while India would assume a larger share of the burden of Asia’ security.

Asymmetry of the Trait Inference Process in Impression Formation

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Symmetry of the trait inference process was studied by having Ss rate how much trait X implied trait Y and how much trait Y implied trait X for each of 36 pairs of traits. Desirability of the traits ranged from very high to very low. The relationship between traits within a pair was varied from consistent to highly inconsistent. Differences between the implication ratings for the two orders of presentation revealed that a definite asymmetry in the strength of the inference existed. The direction of the asymmetry varied as a function of the degree of inconsistency between traits within pairs. The results were discussed in terms of a differential discounting process.

The relationship between parental restriction on children’s outdoor activities and regional factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
Chihiro Hashimura ◽  
Mamoru Amemiya ◽  
Tomoko Hata ◽  
Takahito Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Transactions Volume, Exchange Direction and Asymmetry of Volatility in Emerging Market: Evidence From Tunisian Stock Exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Jaber Yasmina
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Trading Activity ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study is an attempt to explain the relationship between intraday return and volume in Tunisian Stock Market. Indeed, former researches avow that the trading activity have the main explanatory power for volatility. However, most theories measure the activity of transactions through the size of exchange or the number of transactions. Nevertheless, these components are not aware enough of the importance of the direction of exchange when explaining the phenomenon of asymmetry of volatility. In the most of studies, the technique “Augmented Tick Test” (ATT) is employed so as to identify the direction of exchange. Such technique is adapted for the markets directed by orders like the Tunisian financial market. Again, this paper shows that the impact of the direction of exchange differs according to the market trend. In other words, if the returns are positive, the transactions of sale (of purchase) generate a decrease (increase) of volatility; whereas, they induce an increase (drop) of volatility if returns are negative. This result stresses the significance of exchange direction in explaning the asymmetry of volatility. Moreover, throughout this study, one may affirm that “Herding trades” are at the origin of the increase of volatility, while the “Contrarian trades” reduce volatility. Similarly, the identification of the direction of exchange enables us to affirm that the transactions of the initiates are characterized by the absence of returns auto- correlation; whereas, the transactions carried out by uninformed investors present an auto- correlation of the returns. In fact, the sign of this correlation varies according to transaction direction.

scholarly journals Remotely Sensed Water Limitation in Vegetation: Insights from an Experiment with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Easterday ◽  
Chippie Kislik ◽  
Tod E. Dawson ◽  
Sean Hogan ◽  
Maggi Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Relationship

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral sensors present an opportunity to monitor vegetation with on-demand high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we use multispectral imagery from quadcopter UAVs to monitor the progression of a water manipulation experiment on a common shrub, Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush), at the Blue Oak Ranch Reserve (BORR) near San Jose, California. We recorded multispectral data from the plants at several altitudes with nearly hourly intervals to explore the relationship between two common spectral indices, NDVI and NDRE, and plant water content and water potential, as physiological metrics of plant water status, across a gradient of water deficit. An examination of the spatial and temporal thresholds at which water limitations were most detectable revealed that the best separation between levels of water deficit were at higher resolution (lower flying height), and in the morning (NDVI) and early morning (NDRE). We found that both measures were able to identify moisture deficit in plants and distinguish them from control and watered plants; however, NDVI was better able to distinguish between treatments than NDRE and was more positively correlated with field measurements of plant water content than NDRE. Finally, we explored how relationships between spectral indices and water status changed when the imagery was scaled to courser resolutions provided by satellite-based imagery (PlanetScope) and found that PlanetScope data was able to capture the overall trend in treatments but was not able to capture subtle changes in water content. These kinds of experiments that evaluate the relationship between direct field measurements and UAV camera sensitivity are needed to enable translation of field-based physiology measurements to landscape or regional scales.

From Bulbous Bow to Free-Surface Shock Wave—Trends of 20 Years’ Research on Ship Waves at the Tokyo University Tank

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-180
Author(s):  
Takao Inui
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Ship Waves ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Bulbous Bow ◽  
The Relationship

Trends of 20 years' research on ship waves at the Tokyo University Tank since 1960 are briefly sketched. Stress is focused on the importance of dialogues between man and nature. The process of these dialogues is exemplified by some typical cases, including the development of bulbous bows and the finding of free-surface shock waves. Wave-pattern pictures are shown to be indispensable for the initial stage of the di alogues, while wave contours and velocity-field measurements serve well in the second stage. The current wave analysis and wake survey may be the third. The relationship between "wavebreaking" and the "free-surface shock wave" is also discussed.

The Unexpected Campaign

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter analyzes the campaign from a political science perspective. It considers the asymmetry of the opposing campaigns in terms of resource, also noting the operation of positive and negative campaigning, and the relationship of constitutional and ‘normal’ politics over the period. It notes major framing tendencies, and tracks the presence of opportunist interventions. It concludes with discussion of the revival of Scottish democracy catalyzed by the referendum.

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