scholarly journals Activity of Chloroformic Extract from Salvia connivens (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) and Its Principal Compounds against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11813
Author(s):  
Antonio Flores-Macías ◽  
Miguel Alejandro Flores-Sánchez ◽  
Luis Ricardo León-Herrera ◽  
Víctor Manuel Mondragón-Olguín ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Zavala-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insecticide Activity ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most damaging pests in maize crops. In order to manage it, synthetic insecticides such as diamides, neonicotinoids, and pyrethroids are used, but they present a risk for humans and the environment. Investigations of safer alternatives include the use of natural extracts. Thus, this research evaluated the effects of chloroform extract (CHCl3Sc) (5000, 4000, 2000, 1000, and 500 ppm) on aerial parts of Salvia connivens and of nonanal and pyrocatechol (1000, 600, 400, and 80 ppm) on S. frugiperda mortality, duration of the larva and pupae phases, and pupae weight after 24 h. The second instars of S. frugiperda larvae were fed an artificial diet incorporating the extract and compounds. The CHCl3Sc had insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda, showing an LC50 of 1504 ppm. Insectistatic activity began at 1000 ppm, increasing pupal and larval duration in 7.6 and 1.4 days, respectively. Pyrocatechol and nonanal were found in this extract. The first did not have any significant difference in larval or pupal mortalities. On the other hand, insectistatic activity was shown at 500 ppm, increasing the larval duration by 1.7 days compared with the control. In the case of nonanal, the insecticide activity was LC50 of 200 ppm, and insectistatic activity started at 80 ppm, increasing larval duration by 3.2 days compared with the control and reducing pupal weight by 3.4%. The results show that chloroformic extract had insecticidal and insectistatic activities against S. frugiperda; nonanal was an aldehyde compound present in this extract, which confers insecticidal and insectistatic activities against this pest.

scholarly journals Biology and Nutritional Indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Saccharine Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Barcelos ◽  
Fabrício O. Fernandes ◽  
Caroline Lopes ◽  
Beatriz M. Emygdio ◽  
Ricardo Valgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Saccharine sorghum has been analyzed as a supplementary prime matter for ethanol production, especially during the sugarcane off-season period. However, it has proven to be highly susceptible to insect attacks during the cultivation cycle. The fall armyworm should be emphasized due to its voracity and high damage capacity enhanced by feeding-caused decrease in photosynthetic area. Current analysis studies the biology and determines the nutritional indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda in saccharine sorghum. Cultivars of saccharine sorghum BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511were evaluated. Duration and survival of the egg, caterpillar, pre-pupal and pupal phases were determined, coupled to weight of pupae and caterpillar, life span, fecundity and pre-egg laying period. Although S. frugiperda completed its life cycle on cultivars BRS 506 and BRS 511, egg-laying and egg feasibility rates were low, whereas insects did not lay eggs on cultivar BRS 509. There was no significant difference in feeding intake by S. frugiperda among these three sorghum cultivars. Results suggest that saccharine sorghum is not a suitable host for S. frugiperda. Biological data reveal that the three saccharine sorghum cultivars are recommended for the grain production system since the number of specimens of the next generation is low or null.

EFFECT OF HOST-LARVAL DIET ON THE HOST ACCEPTANCE AND HOST SUITABILITY OF THE EGG PARASITOID Telenomus remus NIXON (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) ON Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Adha Sari ◽  
Damayanti Buchori ◽  
Ihsan Nurkomar
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Effect of host-larval diet on the host acceptance and host suitability of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The life history of parasitoids is an important factor that can determine their ability to attack a host. The type of food consumed by the host can affect the ability of parasitoids such as host searching behavior, host suitability and host acceptance. In this research, we evaluate the effect of the S. frugiperda larvae diet on its suitability of the eggs produced by the adults for the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus. The research was studied on two types of egg masses of S. frugiperda that obtained from the moths that fed with natural or artificial diet during their larval stages. Parasitoid was reared from both types of hosts. An egg mass consisting of 50 S. frugiperda eggs from both types of hosts was exposed to one egg parasitoid female for 24 hours. S. frugiperda eggs then were reared until the parasitoid adult emerged. Each experiment was repeated 20 times. Host acceptance was observed through the host parasitism rate and its parasitization. Meanwhile, the host suitability was observed through the sex ratio of the emerging parasitoids. The results showed that S. frugiperda eggs reared using artificial diet had a higher parasitism rate (99.33%) than those of natural diet (82.53%). In contrast, the level of parasitization of S. frugiperda eggs reared using natural diet was higher (78.30%) than those of artificial diet (48.34%) because the number of emerging T. remus from S. frugiperda eggs reared using natural diet was also higher than those of artificial diet. However, the sex ratio (F:M) of emerging T. remus from S. frugiperda eggs reared using both of diet was female biased.

scholarly journals Performance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed on Six Host Plants: Potential Risks to Mid-high Latitude Crops in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Jingfei Guo ◽  
Zupeng Gao ◽  
Kanglai He ◽  
Shuxiong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Affected Relative ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphggous and widespread insect pest. In the study, the biological characteristics and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda fed on six crops, namely corn, sorghum, wheat, soybean, peanut, and cotton, were investigated under laboratory conditions. These crops are cultivated mainly in the mid-high latitude of China. Results showed that S. frugiperda was able to develop and reproduce on all six tested plants. Larvae reared on corn exhibited a significant shorter larval and pupal duration, higher pupal weight, and higher fecundity, which were 16.2 d, 8.9 d, 0.248 g, and 979.4 eggs per female, respectively. The host plant significantly affected relative growth, consumption, and metabolic rates, as well as other nutritional indices. Biology and nutritional indexes suggested that corn was the most suitable host. Besides, peanut, sorghum, and wheat have also been shown to be the suitable hosts for S. frugiperda. Although cotton and soybean were found to be less adequate, high larval and pupal survivors recorded on cotton and soybean leaves have indicated that damage may occur in these plants. This work reveals the damage risk of potential hosts of S. frugiperda, lays the foundation for the design of pest management strategies.

Spore-Toxin Interactions and Sublethal Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda and Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. R. Nyouki ◽  
J. R. Fuxa ◽  
A. R. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pseudoplusia Includens ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Interactions between the spores and δ-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were tested in a low-susceptibility insect, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The spores (formulation MYD™) and one δ-endotoxin (formulation MVP™) had additive effects on mortality at a MVP™ dose of 117,500 μg/g of diet (P < 0.01) and synergistic effects at a MVP™ dose of 235,000 μg/g diet (P < 0.01). The spores and another δ-endotoxin (formulation MYX™) were antagonistic at a MYX™ dose of 117,500 μg/g diet (P < 0.01) and additive at a MYX™ dose of 235,000 μg/g diet (P < 0.01). The two δ-endotoxin formulations were additive with one another (P < 0.01). Sublethal concentrations of MVP™ fed to larvae retarded the development of larvae and pupae for 5 d (P < 0.01) and 1.2 d (P < 0.01), respectively, and decreased pupal weight by 48 mg (P < 0.01). The spore formulation did not affect (P > 0.05) pupal weight or the life span of larvae or pupae. Median lethal concentrations of MVP™ and MYX™ were 6,904 and 7,561 × greater, respectively, in S. frugiperda than in Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). In P. includens, sublethal concentrations of MVP™, MYX™, and Dipel™ fed to larvae significantly (P < 0.05) reduced pupal weight and increased pupal life span compared to control insects. MVP™ and Dipel™ increased larval life span significantly (P < 0.05), but MYD™ did not.

scholarly journals Performance of Field-Collected Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains Exposed to Different Transgenic and Refuge Maize Hybrids in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
María G Murúa ◽  
Martín A Vera ◽  
Andrew Michel ◽  
Augusto S Casmuz ◽  
Julio Fatoretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Genetically Modified Maize ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Bt Protein ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is one of the major pests of maize in Argentina. The main tool for its control is the use of genetically modified maize hybrids expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins. Maize growers in Argentina initially controlled this pest with Bt maize that expressed a single Bt protein (Cry1Ab or Cry1F). Currently it is necessary to plant maize cultivars that produce two Bt proteins to achieve the satisfactory control. Recently, Cry1F field-evolved resistant populations of this species were confirmed in Argentina. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of S. frugiperda field-collected strains on different Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids. Strains were collected from non-Bt maize (T1), Agrisure TDMax (T2), Agrisure Viptera (T3), Agrisure Viptera 3110 (T4), Genuity VT Triple Pro (T5), and Power Core (T6). Three experiments were performed to 1) determine the survivorship and reproduction of field-collected larvae (F0) from Bt maize hybrids, 2) evaluate Cry1F resistance using an F1 screen, and 3) assess the performance of F1 strains on different maize hybrids. In the F0, the survivorship from larva to adult ranged from 0 to 63%. We obtained adults from only the T1, T2, T5, and T6 strains with no significant differences in the reproductive parameters. Continuously rearing F1 larvae on their collected hosts affected larval duration, which was significantly shorter for a known-laboratory Bt-susceptible strain than the field-collected strains. Our results support the existence of Cry1F-resistance alleles in S. frugiperda field populations in Argentina.

DEVELOPMENT OF HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CAROLINA GERANIUM AND ARTIFICIAL DIET AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Roach ◽  
W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The cotton bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was reared in environmental chambers on artificial diet and a wild host plant, Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum, L. at temperatures from 15.5 to 35°C. All above-ground plant parts were used by the larvae, and fruiting structures were not necessary for development to the pupal stage. Bollworms developed on plant bouquets at a rate very similar to that achieved on artificial diet but pupal weight, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence were lower in pupae produced on plant bouquets. Developmental rate parameters estimated for the combined data closely resemble previously published reports in the literature.

scholarly journals Parasitism by Campoletis flavicincta on Spodoptera frugiperda in corn

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto da Costa Matos Neto ◽  
Ivan Cruz ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Carlos Henrique Osório Silva ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho Picanço
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Total Progeny ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Production Losses

Parasitism by Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and consequent reduction of production losses were evaluated on caged corn plants in the field. Treatments consisted of plots infested with 0 (control), 15 and 30 pairs of C. flavicincta with egg masses per cage and plot infested without cage and liberation of the parasitoid. Parasitoid release was done when S. frugiperda larvae were three-day-old. Fifty corn plants (40%) per plot were collected seven days after infestation and S. frugiperda larvae present were reared in glass cups on an artificial diet. Number of S. frugiperda larvae was reduced by C. flavicincta but mortality of the pest and parasitoid sex ratio in laboratory were similar among treatments. Total progeny and female production from collected larvae were similar among densities of released parasitoid. Parasitism rate was higher on 30 than on 15 pairs of C. flavicincta. Damage on corn plants at seven and 14 days after S. frugiperda infestation had similar grades at 0, 15 or 30 C. flavicincta pairs and higher values than the plots without cage. Damage by S. frugiperda was lower at 30 C. flavicincta pairs after 21 days of infestation. Final stand, stand reduction by plant death and corn productivity were similar among treatments.

scholarly journals Biologia de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Algodoeiro de Fibra Colorida Tratado com Silício

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antônio Silva ◽  
Roberta Alvarenga ◽  
Jair Campos Moraes ◽  
Eliana Alcantra
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) é praga-chave da cultura do milho e a cada ano sua ocorrência na cultura algodoeira têm aumentado, causando danos severos desde a fase de plântula até a maturação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do silício na biologia de S. frugiperda em algodoeiro de fibra branca e colorida. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos com duas cultivares de algodão, a BRS Cedro (fibras brancas) e BRS Verde (fibras verdes), com e sem aplicação de silício. O silício foi aplicado como solução de ácido silícico a 1 %, na dosagem equivalente a 3 t/ha de SiO2. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade larval, duração da fase larval e pupal, viabilidade de pupa, peso das pupas, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos, machos e fêmeas e o número de ovos/fêmea. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou apenas a mortalidade de lagartas alimentadas com folhas da BRS Cedro, não demonstrando nenhum efeito nas lagartas quando aplicado na BRS Verde. Além disso, na cultivar BRS Cedro, em comparação com a cultivar BRS Verde, houve menor peso de pupa e menor produção de ovos/fêmea. Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Colored Cotton Treated with Silicon Abstract. The caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a key pest of the corn culture and each year its occurrence in the cotton culture has increased, causing severe damage from the seedling phase to maturation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the silicon on the biology of S. frugiperda in white and colored fiber cotton plants. The bioassays were conducted with two cultivars of cotton, BRS Cedro (white fibers) and BRS Verde (green fibers), with and without silicon application. The silicon was applied as a solution of 1% silicon acid, at a dosage equivalent to 3 ton/ha of SiO2. The following biological parameters were evaluated: larval mortality, duration of the larval and pupal phase, pupal viability, pupal weight, gender ratio, adult longevity of males and females and the number of eggs/female. It was verified that the silicon application only increased the mortality of caterpillars fed with BRS Cedro leaves, not demonstrating any effect on the caterpillars when applied on BRS Verde. Furthermore, the BRS Cedro cultivar, when compared to the BRS Verde cultivar, presented a lower pupal weight and a lower eggs/female production.

scholarly journals Toxicity and application of neem in fall armyworm

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcílio Souza Silva ◽  
Sônia Maria Forti Broglio ◽  
Roseane Cristina Prédes Trindade ◽  
Emerson Santos Ferrreira ◽  
Ismael Barros Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Larval Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Methods Of Application

Aqueous extracts of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., leaf and seed cake were tested for toxicity in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) utilizing different methods of application (foliar and systemic). Probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 and regression analysis for mortality at different concentrations of the extracts (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and control treatment). Two caterpillar morphometric variables (larval length and cephalic capsule width) and the scale of damage of attacked plants were measured and, analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). The LC50 values for neem seed cake and leaves were 0.13% and 0.25%, respectively. For larval length and cephalic capsule width, the larvae were more affected to the seed cake extract than leaf extract, however there was no significant difference between the methods of application for these variables. There was no difference in the scale of damage by the extracts and the methods of application analyzed. Both methods of application provided similar results and, the main differences were associated with more efficient of the seed cake extract.  

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