scholarly journals The State of the Art of the Control Strategies for Single-Phase Electric Springs

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Wang ◽  
Panhong Chen ◽  
Fujin Deng ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Giuseppe Buja
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Active And Reactive Power

The concept of electric springs (ESs) has been proposed as a new solution for stabilizing power grid fed by intermittent renewable energy sources. With a battery or active power source (DC, on the inside), the ESs can provide both active and reactive power compensations. So far, three typical topologies of single-phase ESs have been reported. Unlike traditional devices where power generation follows the load demand, the ESs are associated with non-critical loads form the so-called smart loads that transfer the fluctuated power to the non-critical loads, adaptively, according to the intermittent nature of power generation. After reviewing the main control strategies of single-phase ESs, the paper analyzes their advantages and disadvantages as well as their suitable applications. Comparisons among different control strategies on a specific topology version are implemented. Finally, conclusions and possible future trends are pointed out.

Sizing Approach for a Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Converter with Active and Reactive Power Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Iris Viera-Diaz ◽  
Mario Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Alvarez-Salas ◽  
Homero Miranda ◽  
Yuniel Leon-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Converter ◽  
Active And Reactive Power

scholarly journals Solid State Transformers Topologies, Controllers, and Applications: State-of-the-Art Literature Review

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu-Siada ◽  
Jad Budiri ◽  
Ahmed Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Power Semiconductors

With the global trend to produce clean electrical energy, the penetration of renewable energy sources in existing electricity infrastructure is expected to increase significantly within the next few years. The solid state transformer (SST) is expected to play an essential role in future smart grid topologies. Unlike traditional magnetic transformer, SST is flexible enough to be of modular construction, enabling bi-directional power flow and can be employed for AC and DC grids. Moreover, SSTs can control the voltage level and modulate both active and reactive power at the point of common coupling without the need to external flexible AC transmission system device as per the current practice in conventional electricity grids. The rapid advancement in power semiconductors switching speed and power handling capacity will soon allow for the commercialisation of grid-rated SSTs. This paper is aimed at introducing a state-of-the-art review for SST proposed topologies, controllers, and applications. Additionally, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis along with a brief review of market drivers for prospective commercialisation are elaborated.

scholarly journals Application-Oriented Reactive Power Management in German Distribution Systems Using Decentralized Energy Resources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4949
Author(s):  
Haonan Wang ◽  
Markus Kraiczy ◽  
Denis Mende ◽  
Sebastian Stöcklein ◽  
Martin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Decentralized Energy

Due to higher penetration of renewable energy sources, grid reinforcements, and the utilization of local voltage control strategies, a significant change in the reactive power behavior as well as an increased demand for additional reactive power flexibility in the German power system can be predicted. In this paper, an application-oriented reactive power management concept is proposed, which allows distribution system operators (DSO) to enable a certain amount of reactive power flexibility at the grid interfaces while supporting voltage imitations in the grid. To evaluate its feasibility, the proposed concept is applied for real medium voltage grids in the south of Germany and is investigated comprehensively in different case studies. The results prove the feasibility and reliability of the proposed concept, which allows the DSO to control the reactive power exchange at grid interfaces without causing undesired local voltage problems. In addition, it can be simply adjusted and widely applied in real distribution grids without requiring high investment costs for complex information and communication infrastructures. As a significant contribution, this study provides an ideal bridging solution for DSOs who are facing reactive power issues but have no detailed and advanced monitoring system for their grid. Moreover, the comprehensive investigations in this study are performed in close cooperation with a German DSO, based on a detailed grid model and real measurement data.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Control for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyad Radwan ◽  
Mutasim Nour ◽  
Emad Awada ◽  
Ali Baniyounes
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Active And Reactive Power

This paper presents a control scheme for a photovoltaic (PV) system that uses a single-phase grid-connected inverter with low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. In this scheme, two PI regulators are used to adjust the power angle and voltage modulation index of the inverter; therefore, controlling the inverter’s active and reactive output power, respectively. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is also implemented to manage the inverter’s operation during the LVRT operation. The FLC adjusts (or de-rates) the inverter’s reference active and reactive power commands based on the grid voltage sag and the power available from the PV system. Therefore, the inverter operation has been divided into two modes: (i) Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) during the normal operating conditions of the grid, and (ii) LVRT support when the grid is operating under faulty conditions. In the LVRT mode, the de-rating of the inverter active output power allows for injection of some reactive power, hence providing voltage support to the grid and enhancing the utilization factor of the inverter’s capacity. The proposed system was modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results showed good system performance in response to changes in reference power command, and in adjusting the amount of active and reactive power injected into the grid.

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