scholarly journals Generation of High Quality Biogenic Silica by Combustion of Rice Husk and Rice Straw Combined with Pre- and Post-Treatment Strategies—A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji ◽  
Thomas Zeng ◽  
Ingo Hartmann ◽  
Dirk Enke ◽  
Thomas Schliermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Pre Treatment

Utilization of biomass either as a renewable energy source or for the generation of biogenic materials has received considerable interest during the past years. In the case of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) with high silica contents in the fuel ash, these approaches can be combined to produce high-grade biogenic silica with purities >98 wt % from combustion residues. The overall process can be considered nearly neutral in terms of CO2 emission and global warming, but it can also address disposal challenges of rice husk and rice straw. For the resulting biogenic silica, several advanced application opportunities exist, e.g., as adsorbents, catalysts, drug delivery systems, etc. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on rice husk and rice straw combustion as well as applied strategies for raw material pre-treatment and/or post-treatment of resulting ashes to obtain high quality biogenic silica. Purity of up to 97.2 wt % SiO2 can be reached by combustion of untreated material. With appropriate fuel pre-treatment and ash post-treatment, biogenic silica with purity up to 99.7 wt % can be achieved. Studies were performed almost exclusively at a laboratory scale.

Characteristics of Cellulose from Lespedeza stalks Steam Pretreated with Low Severity Steam and Post-Treatment by Alkaline Peroxide for Energy Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Yang Xing ◽  
Lv Yang Liu ◽  
Zhao Qin Su ◽  
Li Wei Zhu ◽  
Jian Xin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Lespedeza Stalks

Lespedeza crytobotrya is a shrub species with properties of substantial biomass and widely distributes in the desert region of China. The cellulose separated from Lespedeza after pre-treatment can be enzymatic hydrolyzed into glucose for ethanol or other chemicals production, which are important renewable fuels or raw material for other material synthesis. Moreover it also can be used for cellulosic material production. So it is necessary to evaluate the cellulose of Lespedeza crytobotrya before its utilization. In this study four cellulosic fractions were isolated by pretreatment with low severity steam and post-treatment with alkaline peroxide. They were comparatively studied by sugar analysis and the average degree of polymerization. After alkaline peroxide post-treatment, the hemicelluloses in the cellulosic fractions were removed markedly. The treatment intensity had a profound effect on the average degree of polymerization, which was increased firstly and then decreased. A combination of low severity steam pretreatment and alkaline peroxide post-treatment is an effective method for Lespedeza stalks to obtain high glucose yield.

scholarly journals Characterization of bentonite clay from 'Greda' deposit

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Stankovic ◽  
Mihovil Logar ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Jelena Pantic ◽  
Miljana Miljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Representative Samples

Based on mineralogical and technological investigations of the deposit 'Greda' important characteristics of bentonite clay were determined. Representative samples of the deposit were characterized with X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the main mineral is montmorillonite and in subordinate quantities kaolinite, quartz and pyrite. The chemical composition generally shows high silica and alumina contents in all samples and small quantities of Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. Based on technological and mineralogical research, bentonite from this deposit is a high-quality raw material for use in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals OBTAINING QUALITATIVE SORBENT FROM RICE WASTE AND OIL SLUDGE

Neft i gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (117-1118) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
N.O. APPAZOV¹, ◽  
◽  
B.M. BAZARBAYEV¹, ◽  
N.I. AKYLBEKOV¹*, ◽  
R.U. ZHAPPARBERGENOV¹, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Adsorption Activity

Co-thermolysis of rice husk and straw with oil sludge was carried out in order to obtain a widely used adsorbent – activated carbon. Carbonization was carried out in a tubular furnace made of stainless steel at a temperature of 500°C and the activation of carbonization was carried out with water vapor at a temperature of 800°C. The influence of the ratio of the initial components of the raw material (husk / straw:oil sludge) on the properties of the product was studied. The ЭКОЛОГИЯ 172 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 3–4 (117–118) optimal ratio for co-thermolysis of the husk: oil sludge is 9:1 (by weight), respectively. The optimal condition for the production of activated carbon by co-thermolysis of rice straw and oil sludge is a carbonization temperature of 500°C with a duration of 100 min, activation of the carbonizate at a temperature of 850°C and with a ratio of water:carbonizate = 2:1. Indices such as iodine adsorption activity, total pore volume in water, mass fraction of moisture, and bulk density were studied. The microstructures of the obtained activated carbons were studied on a scanning scanning electron microscope. Activated carbon obtained by the joint processing of rice husk and oil sludge in a ratio of 9:1 corresponds to activated carbon brand DAK. The resulting product based on rice straw and oil sludge corresponds to the activated carbons BAU-MF, BAU-A and BAU-Ats.

scholarly journals Application of Biochar Derived from Different Types of Biomass and Treatment Methods as a Fuel Source for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lithnes Kalaivani Palniandy ◽  
Li Wan Yoon ◽  
Wai Yin Wong ◽  
Siek-Ting Yong ◽  
Ming Meng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rubber Wood ◽  
Direct Carbon Fuel Cell ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is an emerging technology for energy production. The application of biomass in DCFCs will be a major transition from the use of coal to generate energy. However, the relationship between biomass or biochar composition and the electrochemical performance of a DCFC is yet to be studied. The performance of a DCFC using fuel sources derived from woody and non-woody biomass were compared in this study. The effect of pyrolysis temperature ranges from 550 °C to 850 °C on the preparation of biochar from rubber wood (RW) and rice husk (RH) were evaluated for power generation from DCFCs. In addition, the effect of applying chemical pre-treatment and post-treatment on biochar were further investigated for DCFC performance. In general, the power density derived from rubber wood biochar is significantly higher (2.21 mW cm−2) compared to rice husk biochar (0.07 mW cm−2). This might be due to the presence of an oxygen functional group, higher fixed carbon content, and lower ash content in rubber wood biochar. The acid and alkaline pre-treatment and post-treatment have altered the composition with a lower ash content in rubber wood biochar. The structural and compositional alterations in alkaline pre-treatment bring a positive effect in enhancing the power density from DCFCs. This study concludes that woody biochar is more suitable for DCFC application, and alkaline pre-treatment in the preparation of biochar enhances the electrochemical activity of DCFC. Further investigation on the optimization of DCFC operating conditions could be performed.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of acute poptoperative infectious endophthalmitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Ling Peng ◽  
Ya-Hsin Kung ◽  
Hui-Shuang Tsai ◽  
Tsung-Tien Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infectious Endophthalmitis ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Acute postoperative endophthalmitis is one of the most severe complications of modern ophthalmic procedures including cataract surgeries, vitrectomy and intravitreal injection (IVI). We evaluated the treatment outcomes of acute postoperative infectious endophthalmitis. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected data from 82 patients with acute infectious endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after intraocular surgeries, including cataract surgeries, vitreoretinal surgeries, and IVI, from January 2010 to December 2019. We analyzed the pre-treatment, treatment-related and post-treatment factors that affected visual outcomes. Results The mean age was 67.65 ± 9.52 years, the proportion of male patients was 56.1%. The mean baseline vision was 1.92 (Snellen Equivalent SE], counting finger [CF]) ± 0.54 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log MAR) and the mean final vision was 0.71 (SE, 39/200) ± 0.80 logMAR. Visual improvement was significant (P < 0.001). The pre-treatment factors affecting final visual outcomes were diabetes, hemodialysis, baseline vision, signs of vitreous opacity, and different surgeries before endophthalmitis; the treatment-related factors affecting visual outcomes were the choice factors between IVI of antibiotics alone and vitrectomy combined with IVI of antibiotics, and the injection numbers of antibiotics; post-treatment factors affecting visual outcomes were complications such as retinal detachment (RD), glaucoma and macular pucker. Furthermore, prior cataract surgery was associated with a better mean final vision of 0.57 (SE, 54/200) ± 0.67 logMAR while prior vitrectomy resulted in the worst mean final vision of 1.38 (SE, 21/500) ± 0.75 logMAR. Conclusions The important factors that affected the final visual prognosis, included diabetes, hemodialysis, baseline vision, severity of vitritis, treatment strategies and complications. The treatment outcomes revealed better final vision in prior cataract surgery than vitrectomy.

Transition metal promoted combustion of rice husk and rice straw towards an energy optimized synthesis of biogenic silica

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 106282
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Grimm ◽  
Leonhard Y. Dorsch ◽  
Gert H. Kloess ◽  
Dirk Enke ◽  
Andreas Roppertz
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Biogenic Silica

Biodegradation mechanism of biogas production by modified rice straw fermentation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8862-8882
Author(s):  
Enhai Liu ◽  
Baozhong Zhu ◽  
Shengyong Liu ◽  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Zhiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Pre Treatment

Based on the literature on the degradation mechanism and the change of micro-functional groups in the fermentation process of modified rice straw, this study aimed to solve the problems of low biogas production rate and poor stability of the biogas production system. In this work, mathematical equations were developed and combined with duck dung and rice straw mixed raw material to perform a fermentation test. The molecular micro-functional group changes of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were studied to obtain the optimal ratio of mixed raw materials for fermentation and to explore the optimization mechanism of its fermentation biogas production. Experimental results showed that the optimal ratio of mixed raw materials was 2.8:1, and the inclusion of a suitable amount of Mn2+(concentration of 2 mol × L-1) was able to strengthen MnP activity and improve the ability of white-rot fungi to rupture β-O-4 bonds. A modification pre-treatment via activated carbon-based solid acid was performed, and the experimental group generated 15.8% more cumulative biogas than the control group. The biogas yield reached its peak when 300 g of inoculum was added to the pre-treatment at a concentration of 30%.

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