Characterization of bentonite clay from 'Greda' deposit

Based on mineralogical and technological investigations of the deposit 'Greda' important characteristics of bentonite clay were determined. Representative samples of the deposit were characterized with X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the main mineral is montmorillonite and in subordinate quantities kaolinite, quartz and pyrite. The chemical composition generally shows high silica and alumina contents in all samples and small quantities of Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. Based on technological and mineralogical research, bentonite from this deposit is a high-quality raw material for use in the ceramic industry.

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Synthesis and characterization of partially and fully stabilized zirconia fibers made from an inorganic precursor

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2001.0327 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 2384-2390 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Hartridge ◽

M. D. Taylor ◽

A. K. Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Single Phase ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

High Quality ◽

Creep Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Cubic Structure ◽

Sol Precursor

Continuous high-quality fibers of yttria-doped zirconia with 4 and 8 mol% yttria were blow spun using an inorganic sol precursor. The fibers were heated and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis, and surface area/porosity by nitrogen adsorption. The fibers were of a single-phase cubic structure after crystallization at 529 °C and typically 3.3–5.5 or 7.5–11.5 μm in diameter depending on the composition. Samples of fibers were heated to various temperatures and their friability index and creep properties analyzed using the bend stress relaxation technique and compared to other fibers of similar composition prepared by different solution techniques and commercially available fibers.

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Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 849 ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽

Slamet Sumardi ◽

Widi Astuti ◽

Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽

Ajeng W. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Major Elements ◽

Raw Material ◽

Solid Residue ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Leaching Solution ◽

Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

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Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 620 ◽

pp. 314-319

Author(s):

Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽

Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽

Saadah Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Preliminary Preparation ◽

Characterization Studies ◽

Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

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Making and Characterization of Limnpo4 Using Solid State Reaction Method for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset1962153 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 583-588

Author(s):

Adelyna Oktavia ◽

Kurnia Sembiring ◽

Slamet Priyono

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Solid State Reaction Method ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Solid State Method ◽

X Ray ◽

General Investigation

Hospho-material of olivine, LiMnPO4 identified as promising for cathode material generation next Lithium-ion battery and has been successfully synthesized by solid-state method with Li2Co3, 2MnO2, 2NH4H2PO4 as raw material. The influence of initial concentration of precursors at kalsinasi temperatures (400-800 ° C) flows with nitrogen. The purity and composition phase verified by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopy, energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDS), Raman spectra. General investigation shows that there is a correlation between the concentration of precursors, the temperature and the temperature of sintering kalsinasi that can be exploited to design lithium-ion next generation.

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Characterization of Shivirtui Zeolite Modified with Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanofibers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.942.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 942 ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

Yulia Murashkina ◽

Olga B. Nazarenko

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽

Electronic Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Aluminum Oxyhydroxide

Natural zeolite of Shivirtui deposit (Russia) was modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide AlOOH. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers were produced at the heating and oxidation of aluminum powder with water. The properties of modified zeolite were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that water content in the modified sample of zeolite was about 15 %. Based on the study of the physical and chemical properties, shivirtui zeolite modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide can be proposed for use as a flame-retardant additive to polymers.

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Preparation of Magnetically Modified Zeolites and the Application of Metal Ions Adsorption

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.764 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 299-300 ◽

pp. 764-769

Author(s):

Ming Liang Yuan ◽

Liang Yu ◽

Jia Hua Tao ◽

Cong Song

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Detailed Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Magnetic Process ◽

Coprecipitation Process

Natural zeolites combined with the magnetic iron oxides are prepared by a chemical coprecipitation process. A detailed characterization of our magnetically modified zeolite (MMZ) is given, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results reveal that in comparison with Na-zeolite, the structure of MMZ has no obvious change but its surface area increases from 25.13 m2g-1to 100.90 m2g-1. The adsorption properties of MMZ to Pb2+and Cu2+were studied. The results show that the maximum loading capacities for Pb2+and Cu2+in the initial concentration range are 123.74 and 14.633 mg g-1, respectively. The MMZ can be used as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents or municipal waters, and the saturated adsorbent is separated from the medium by a simple magnetic process.

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Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of archaeological ceramics from the 16th century El Badi Palace, Morocco

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2018.33 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 459-470

Author(s):

Mouhssin El Halim ◽

Lahcen Daoudi ◽

Meriam El Ouahabi ◽

Valérie Rousseau ◽

Catherine Cools ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Raw Material ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Archaeological Ceramics ◽

Geochemical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Firing Tests

ABSTRACTTextural, mineralogical and chemical characterization of archaeological ceramics (zellige) from El Badi Palace (Marrakech, Morocco), the main Islamic monument from the Saadian period (sixteenth century), has been performed to enhance restoration and to determine the technology of manufacturing. A multi-analytical approach based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction was used. Re-firing tests on ceramic supports were also performed to determine the firing temperatures used by the Saadian artisans. A calcareous clay raw material was used to manufacture these decorative ceramics. The sherds were fired at a maximum temperature of 800°C in oxidizing atmosphere. The low firing temperature for ‘zellige’ facilitates cutting of the pieces, but also causes fragility in these materials due to the absence of vitreous phases.

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SEM, XRF, XRD, Nitrogen Adsorption, Fosters Swelling and Capacity Adsorption Characterization of Cloisite 30 B

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1591 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 727-728 ◽

pp. 1591-1595 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aline Cadigena Lima Patrício ◽

Marcílio Máximo da Silva ◽

Anna Karoline Freires de Sousa ◽

Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota ◽

Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

X Ray ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Cations ◽

Cloisite 30B

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays. Clays modified with quaternary ammonium cations (organoclays) have better performance in sorption, remove oil and grease from water at seven times the rate of activated carbon, as well as they can be used like perforation fluids of oil wells to the oil base, lubricants, among others industries. This work aims characterize the Cloisite 30B using various techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Specific Surface Area (BET) and Cation Exchange Capacity. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used in order to investigate the clays compatibility after orgophilization.

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