scholarly journals Ammonia Emission Characteristics of a Mechanically Ventilated Swine Finishing Facility in Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Gwanggon Jo ◽  
Taehwan Ha ◽  
Yu Jang ◽  
Okhwa Hwang ◽  
Siyoung Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventilation Rates

In this study, we aimed to determine the ammonia emission characteristics through analysis of ammonia concentration, ventilation rate, temperature, and relative humidity pattern in a mechanically ventilated swine finishing facility in Korea. Three pig rooms with similar environmental conditions were selected for repeated experimentation (Rooms A–C). Ammonia concentrations were measured using a photoacoustic gas monitor, and ventilation volume was estimated by applying the least error statistical model to supplement the missing data after measurement at several operation rates using a wind tunnel-based method. The mean ammonia concentrations were 4.19 ppm, and the ventilation rates were 24.9 m3 h−1 pig−1. Ammonia emissions were calculated within the range of 0.40–5.01, 0.25–4.16, and 0.37–5.68 g d−1 pig−1 for Room A, Room B, and Room C, respectively. Ammonia concentration and ventilation rate showed a weak negative correlation (r = −0.13). Ammonia emissions were more markedly affected by ammonia concentration (r = 0.88) than ventilation rate (r = 0.31). This indicates that ammonia concentration reduction can be effective in reducing ammonia emissions. The mean daily ammonia emissions, which increased exponentially over the finishing periods, were calculated as 1.78, 1.57, and 1.70 g d−1 pig−1 for Room A, Room B, and Room C, respectively (average 1.68 g d−1 pig−1).

scholarly journals Ammonia emissions from dairy cattle manure under variable ventilation rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrė Bagdonienė ◽  
Rolandas Bleizgys
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Variable Ventilation ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Ventilation Rates

AbstractThe effect of variable ventilation rates on ammonia emission rates from manure was determined through mass flow measurements in a laboratory test unit and the possibility of reducing ammonia emissions by regulating the intensity of the ventilation in cowsheds. The air exchange rate represents an important determinant of ammonia emissions. A 4.5 times increase in ventilation rate causes ammonia emission to increase by 1.7-2.5 times. The effect of ventilation rate on ammonia emission from manure was found to increase under the condition of extremely high airflow rates, i.e. over 250 m3 h-1 m-2. Under the recommended ventilation rate of 105-420 m3 h-1 per cow, ammonia emission will vary from 2016 to 3195 mg h-1, respectively. The ammonia emissions can be significantly reduced in dairy cattle barns by reducing ventilation rates provided the air quality indicators remain in conformity with the requirements. The ammonia emissions can also be reduced in barns by controlling and diverting air flows inside the barns by preventing the clean air from reaching fresh manure as much as possible while reducing the vertical concentration gradient of ammonia.

scholarly journals Ammonia emissions from a naturally and a mechanically ventilated broiler house in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano B. Mendes ◽  
Ilda F. F. Tinoco ◽  
Nico W. M. Ogink ◽  
Keller S. O. Rocha ◽  
Jairo A. Osorio S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Broiler House

This study was conducted with the aim of monitoring NH3 emissions from a mechanically and a naturally ventilated broiler house (MVB and NVB, respectively) and calculate their ammonia emission factors (fNH3). Bird stocking density was 13.5 and 11.1 birds m-2 for the MVB and NVB, respectively. The marketing age was 43 days and bedding consisted of dried coffee husks in its first time of use. Ventilation rates were calculated with the metabolic carbon dioxide mass balance method. Values of fNH3 were 0.32 ± 0.10 and 0.27 ± 0.07 g bird-1 d-1 for the MVB and NVB, respectively, and are in agreement to what was presented in other studies performed under similar conditions. The fNH3 estimated on yearly basis was 58 g bird-place-1 year-1. It was concluded that the different types of ventilation system between the studied broiler barns did not significantly affect emissions in the modeling process. The results obtained help providing reliable methodology for the determination of a solid database on NH3 emission factors for tropical conditions that can be used for future inventories, when performed in a sufficient number of barns that is representative for the Brazilian scenario.

Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation in an Areaway-Attached Basement with a Single-Sided Opening for Residential Purposes

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 5344-5349
Author(s):  
Zhen Bu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Effective Ventilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Les Model ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper discusses the sustainability of the areaway-attached basement concept with the attentions focused on wind-driven single-sided natural ventilation. First, numerical simulations were performed on an areaway-attached basement with a single-sided opening. Two CFD approaches: Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) were used and compared with the previous experimental results of effective ventilation rate. A good agreement between the measurement and LES model was found and RANS model tends to underestimate the ventilation rates. Furthermore, Based on LES with the inflow turbulent fluctuations, the mean airflow patterns within and around the areaway-attached basement was investigated for different wind incidence angles to examine the influences of wind direction on ventilation performances.

scholarly journals The comparison of two types sensors for ammonia emission continual measurement

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pecen ◽  
P. Zabloudilová
Keyword(s):  
Small Difference ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Solid State Sensor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Device ◽  
The Difference

Measurement of the ammonia emissions by two different types of sensors (PHOTO ACOUSTICS analyzer INNOVA and SOLID STATE sensor SP-53) was carried out in laboratory with one material of litter, wood-shavings (with dry or wet material). The initial ammonia concentration and humidity of material were changed. The output data of these sensors were continually saved a processed. A small difference was found out between the output data of these sensors. The difference depends not only on ammonia concentration and humidity of material but also on the duration time from the beginning of measurement. All experiments of ammonia concentration were carried out with three initial values of humidity and ammonia concentrations within used material. The decrease of ammonia concentration (its velocity) in investigated material has been measured with laboratory device and registered for twelve or more hours during each experiment.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM CATTLE MANURE USING BIOPREPARATIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolandas BLEIZGYS ◽  
Reda MAŽEIKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Air Flow Velocity

Experimental studies performed at the laboratory enabled to find out the effect of the biopreparation on the process of ammonia volatilization from manure. Adding biopreparation to manure was found to slow down ammonia emission from manure. Depending on the manure composition, temperature of the environment, and duration of exposure to the biopreparation, the emission was found to decrease by up to 22 %. The maximum effect was observed on the day 6–14, whereas 30 days after biopreparation’s use its effect was significantly decreased. The effect of biopreparation on ammonia volatilization was observed to be higher under more intensive ammonia emissions, i.e. when the manure was fresh, with no crust formed on its surface, under high air flow velocity above the manure and high ammonia concentration gradient in the surface of the manure. Use of the biopreparation is highly recommended for reduction of ammonia emissions in litter-free barns where liquid manure accumulates. Its use is consistent with the modernization tendencies to implement litter-free liquid manure technologies.

Use of a treadmill to study the relationship between walking, ventilation and heart rate in the lobster Homarus americanus

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. O'Grady ◽  
Steven H. Jury ◽  
Winsor H. Watson III
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
The Relationship

A passive treadmill was designed and built that measures the speed of lobster walking, while simultaneously recording heart and scaphognathite pumping rates. The treadmill only moved when the lobster voluntarily walked either forward or backward. Lobsters (n = 5) on the treadmill typically walked in bouts lasting an average of 5 min (range 8 s to 53 min). During these bouts, the mean walking rate was 0.9 0.6 m/min (n = 100 bouts from 5 lobsters), and the maximum speed recorded was 2.5 m/min. At the onset of walking, and sometimes 5–10 s before, the heart and ventilation rates rapidly increased. Ventilation rate increased more than heart rate during walking (ventilation rate: 194% increase; heart rate: 69% increase) and returned to baseline faster (4.5 3.9 min) than heart rate (6.6 3.9 min) after a bout. Heart and ventilation rates during walking do not appear to be related to the duration of the bout. Heart and ventilation rates were positively correlated with the average walking speed attained in 3 of the 5 lobsters tested. Heart rate, in particular, appeared to have an upper limit of approximately 90–100 beats/min, regardless of walking duration or speed.

scholarly journals Applicability of Ammonia Sensors for Controlling Environmental Parameters in Accommodations for Lamb Fattening

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier García-Ramos ◽  
A. Javier Aguirre ◽  
Pilar Barreiro ◽  
Esperanza Horcas ◽  
Antonio Boné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Sensor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Ammonia Sensors ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Electrochemical ammonia sensors were used to analyse the existing relationship between the ammonia concentration and ambient levels of both temperature and relative humidity in commercial lamb fattening housing equipped with mechanical ventilation and straw-bedded pens. In the first stage of the experiment, sensors were placed over straw beds covered in lamb urine and analysed under laboratory conditions in order to determine ammonia emission evolution over time; three control temperatures (25, 35, and 50°C) were used. A HOBO H8 temperature and relative humidity logger and a Dräger NH3LC-6809680 electrochemical ammonia sensor placed in a Dräger Polytron 7000 gas detector were utilized as sensors. A positive correlation was established between both ammonia emission time and emitted amount with temperature. Additionally, tests were performed in a commercial lamb housing to determine ammonia concentration variation with respect to height from the ground; three ammonia sensors placed at 50, 90, and 135 cm above the ground were used simultaneously. The ammonia concentration significantly decreased as height increased. A 90 cm height was selected, and three ammonia probes were placed in three different pens inside the livestock housing, along with temperature and relative humidity sensors; four different housing ventilation rates were then tested under real conditions over a time period of 4 months. An adjustment polynomial equation between the housing ambient temperature and the ammonia concentration was obtained with R2 = 0.632. In conclusion, a relationship can be established between temperature and ammonia concentration in commercial lamb housing under certain handling conditions, which in turn allows for estimating the ammonia concentration adequately based on the ambient internal temperature.

scholarly journals The influence of litter age, litter temperature and ventilation rate on ammonia emissions from a broiler rearing facility

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Knížatová ◽  
Š. Mihina ◽  
J. Brouček ◽  
I. Karandušovská ◽  
J. Mačuhová
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

The research reported in this article attempts to address the ammonia problem by quantifying the effect of several variables on ammonia concentrations and emissions. These variables include litter temperature, litter age and ventilation rate. Data was collected in a commercial tunnel-ventilated grow-out facility with deep litter, designed for 25 000 broilers, during 6 consecutive flocks. Birds were housed from hatching to approximately 40 days of age. Litter temperature and litter age were positively correlated (P < 0.0001) with the production of ammonia gas. The amount of ammonia emissions increased with the litter age (P < 0.0001) as a consequence of both the increased ammonia concentration and the ventilation rate (P < 0.0001). The lowest concentrations of NH3 were observed in a "summer" period, although ammonia emissions tended to be higher just in summer months because of a higher ventilation rate. The elevated levels of ammonia in winter were attributed to the lower ventilation rate during cold weather. After the evaluation of ammonia emissions it can be concluded that during the grow-out period of broilers kept on renewed litter there is an average loss of 6.18 g ammonia per bird and/or 0.043 kg of ammonia per bird yearly. The increase in litter temperature during grow-out periods is a process which could be controlled to prevent excessive ammonia volatilization from housing facilities.

scholarly journals Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Air Exchange

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.

scholarly journals Proposing Alternative Solutions to Enhance Natural Ventilation Rates in Residential Buildings in the Cfa Climate Zone of Rasht

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Roya Aeinehvand ◽  
Amiraslan Darvish ◽  
Abdollah Baghaei Daemei ◽  
Shima Barati ◽  
Asma Jamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Today, renewable resources and the crucial role of passive strategies in energy efficiency in the building sector toward the sustainable development goals are more indispensable than ever. Natural ventilation has traditionally been considered as one of the most fundamental techniques to decrease energy usage by building dwellers and designers. The main purpose of the present study is to enhance the natural ventilation rates in an existing six-story residential building situated in the humid climate of Rasht during the summertime. On this basis, two types of ventilation systems, the Double-Skin Facade Twin Face System (DSF-TFS) and Single-Sided Wind Tower (SSWT), were simulated through DesignBuilder version 4.5. Then, two types of additional ventilation systems were proposed in order to accelerate the airflow, including four-sided as well as multi-opening wind towers. The wind foldable directions were at about 45 degrees (northwest to southeast). The simulation results show that SSWT could have a better performance than the aforementioned systems by about 38%. Therefore, the multi-opening system was able to enhance the ventilation rate by approximately 10% during the summertime.

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