scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Performance of Delivery Routes in the City Center and Peri-Urban Area of Madrid

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Alessandra Boggio-Marzet ◽  
Andrés Monzón ◽  
Pablo Luque-Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Álvarez-Mántaras
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
City Center ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Delivery Routes ◽  
Average Operating ◽  
The City

Cities are experiencing a process of suburbanization and last-mile delivery has grown, worsening traffic congestion, pollutant emissions, and citizens’ quality of life. Based on a real-life case study, this research compares the environmental performance of different delivery routes carried out by Diesel Light-Duty Vehicles (LDV) according to delivery area, city center or peri-urban. Some 242 delivery routes performed by thirteen drivers were recorded for one month, including instantaneous GPS position, speed, and other parameters (7262 km travelled). Four different delivery routes typologies were compared, and the drag function of the vehicles was characterized. It enabled calibration and modelling dynamics to calculate fuel consumption and pollutant emissions according to delivery routes. The results show that pedestrian crossings, traffic lights, and traffic congestion reduce the average operating speed by up to 57% in the city center and consequently overall energy efficiency. Our results highlight the urgency of replacing diesel LDV for deliveries in the city center with no-motorized transport modes and of implementing intermodality to cover deliveries in residential peri-urban areas. Due to low speeds and frequent start-stops, the efficiency of vehicles in these areas is reduced to a minimum and pollutant emissions increase. The outputs set a basis for recommendations for using LDV only for delivery routes with less traffic interruptions and foster intermodal solutions.

scholarly journals A Model for Complex Subsidence Causality Interpretation Based on PS-InSAR Cross-Heading Orbits Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Mohamadi ◽  
Timo Balz ◽  
Ali Younes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
City Center ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
The City ◽  
Central South

Urban areas are subject to subsidence due to varying natural and anthropogenic causes. Often, subsidence is interpreted and correlated to a single causal factor; however, subsidence is usually more complex. In this study, we adopt a new model to distinguish different causes of subsidence in urban areas based on complexity. Ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data were analyzed using permanent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) and decomposed to estimate vertical velocity. The estimated velocity is correlated to potential causes of subsidence, and modeled using different weights, to extract the model with the highest correlations among subsidence. The model was tested in Alexandria City, Egypt, based on three potential causes of subsidence: rock type, former lakes and lagoons dewatering (FLLD), and built-up load (BL). Results of experiments on the tested area reveal singular patterns of causal factors of subsidence distributed across the northeast, northwest, central south, and parts of the city center, reflecting the rock type of those areas. Dual causes of subsidence are found in the southwest and some parts of the southeast as a contribution of rock type and FLLD, whereas the most complex causes of subsidence are found in the southeast of the city, as the newly built-up areas interact with the rock type and FLLD to form a complex subsidence regime. Those areas also show the highest subsidence values among all other parts of the city. The accuracy of the final model was confirmed using linear regression analysis, with an R2 value of 0.88.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Issue of On-street Parking in Commercial Areas: A Case Study of the City of Hyderabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Baig Farrukh ◽  
Sahito Noman ◽  
Bano Arsla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Business District ◽  
Public Views ◽  
The City

In developing countries, rapid urbanization has created an enormous pressure on land use, infrastructure and transportation. The fast growing ratio of motorized vehicles in urban areas is the main cause of environmental degradation. Almost 80% of the greenhouse gas emission is from vehicles in cities. In the city centers, on-street parking is considered the major cause of traffic congestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of on-street parking and disorderly parking at Central Business District (CBD) of Hyderabad city. The field survey methodology was adopted to perceive the current traffic problems in the city center and traffic count survey was carried out in both peak and off hours. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency analysis technique with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that increasing number of vehicles, on-street parking, improper parking, encroachment, inadequate parking space and poor condition of roads are the main causes of traffic congestion. The study bridges up the research gap of determining public views about on-street parking challenges in the context of Hyderabad, Pakistan and provides statistical results which may equally be adapted by policy makers and transportation planners in order to improve the traffic situation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Traffic Flows at Kuda Mati non-traffic light Intersection in Workhour and Holidays

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 08030
Author(s):  
F. Betaubun Herbin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
City Center ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The City

Characteristics of traffic flow needs to be revealed to describe the traffic flow that occurred at the research location. One of the patterns of traffic flow movement of Merauke Regency that is important enough to be observed is the movement pattern that occurs at Kuda Mati Non-traffic lights Intersection. This intersection is one of the access for economic support of Merauke Regency. The intersection connects the city center to the production centers and is used by the community to perform activities in meeting their needs such as working and meeting the needs of clothing, food and shelter. This fulfillment activity is usually differentiated according to work time and holiday time. The method used is survey method to describe the characteristics of traffic flow at the intersection. Data analysis applied MKJI 1997. The results show that peak hour traffic flow occurs at 17.00 - 18.00 on holiday 803 smp / hour, while for working time the traffic flow is evenly distributed with maximum vehicle volume occur at 12:00 to 13:00 which amounted to 471 smp / hour.

scholarly journals Environmental Strategies for Selecting Eco-Routing in a Small City

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Coloma ◽  
Marta García ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Andrés Monzón
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Small City ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
The City

This research aims to find the most ecological itineraries for urban mobility in a small city (eco-routes), where distances are rather short, but car dependence is really high. A real life citywide survey was carried out in the city of Caceres (Spain) with almost 100,000 inhabitants. Research was done on alternating routes, traffic, times of day, and weather conditions. The output of the study was to assess fuel consumption, CO2, and regulated pollutant emissions for different type of vehicles, routes, and drivers. The results show that in the case studied, urban roads had fewer emissions (CO2 and pollutants) but there was an increase in the population affected by pollutants. On the contrary, bypasses reduced travel time and congestion but increased fuel consumption and emissions. Traffic conditions had a greater influence on fuel consumption in petrol vehicles than diesel ones. Therefore, there must be a balanced distribution of traffic in order to minimize congestion, and at the same time to reduce emissions and the number of people affected by harmful pollution levels. There should be a combination of regulatory measures in traffic policies in order to achieve that balance by controlling access to city centres, limiting parking spaces, pedestrianization, and lowering traffic speeds in sensitive areas.

A Review on the Factors Influencing the Park-and-Ride Traffic Management Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmed Memon ◽  
Napiah Madzlan ◽  
Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Hakro ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The City

Park-and-ride is a traffic management method of traffic congestion problem in urban areas. As an extent of total demand management, park-and-ride service (P&R service) has broadly implemented in many countries. P&R service has proven to be progressive in alleviating traffic congestion despite of complication in finding parking spaces in the city centers. The objective of this research is to discuss a model to shift car travelers’ to park-and-ride service (P&R service) and to investigate the factors which influence car travelers’ behavior. This study can support policy makers’ with useful information for future planning and development of park-and-ride service. Research outcomes will support policy-making and provide base for future study on modal choice behavior model for park-and-ride service.

scholarly journals Opportunities to improve road traffic on short-length road connections by correlating intersection traffic lights

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
A Boroiu ◽  
E Neagu ◽  
A A Boroiu
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
City Center ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Road Intersections ◽  
The City

Abstract The paper aims to explore the possibilities of improving road traffic in the central area of cities characterized by a longitudinal arrangement of the street network, with application for the case of Pitesti, where the road network in the central area consists of two main roads arranged longitudinally, having one-way regulated traffic, interconnected by several streets. A special traffic problem is reported in the city center: on the main road connecting the two boulevards, the vehicle storage space is insufficient - because the distance between the two road intersections is too small and there is no correlation between the Green phases of traffic lights in the two intersections. The research, based on traffic measurements performed with DataFromSky software and micro-simulation traffic analyses performed with Vissim PTV software, indicated that the best solution is the partial or total correlation of the green time from the traffic light intersections that delimit the connecting road artery. As, almost exclusively, the works dedicated to the correlation of green light of traffic lights treat the problem only along the road arteries, this paper raises a special issue and reveals the possibility of simple solutions, by correlating the traffic lights at the intersections connecting the main arteries.

scholarly journals MODELLING URBAN GROWTH FROM MEDIUM RESOLUTION LANDSAT IMAGERIES OF AKURE, NIGERIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Michael Ajide Oyinloye ◽  
Julius Olubumi Fasakin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
The City

The city of Akure has experienced rapid growth in the past 2 to 3 decades which has led to the expansion of the core urban areas of the city into adjoining rural lands. The paper analyses the urban growth of Akure using medium resolution Landsat imageries. Landsat (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapping(TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images for 1972, 1986 and 2002 respectively were used in a post-classification comparison analysis to map the spatial dynamic of land cover changes and identify the urbanization process in Akure. The land cover statistical results revealed a rapid growth in the built-up area of Akure from 997.2 hectares in 1972 to about 3852.70 hectares in 2002 due to increase in population of Akure within this period. Results of the prediction showed that the built-up area of the city has increased in size from 977.2 hectares in 1972 to 5863.66 hectares in 2022 corresponding to 500% at the rate of 13.1% per annum. Implications of growth include loss of open space, pressure on limited infrastructure, overcrowding, traffic congestion and poor standard of living. The study recommends regular monitoring of urban area, development of small towns around the city area to avoid overcrowding, training of planners and administrators to acquire more knowledge in the use of GIS and remote sensing to enhance efficiency.

scholarly journals PARKING SPACES NEAR MASS GRAVITY CENTERS IN URBANIZED TERRITORIES: METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIRED PLACES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
A. V. Zedgenizov ◽  
A. V. Bazan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
City Center ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Financial Interest ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
The City

Introduction. The paper discusses the problems of organizing the vehicles’ parking near large shopping centers and also describes their relevance, taking into account the transport services of retail outlets and residence places. The authors present the research of the problem by leading scientists, which is reflected in the regulatory documentation.Materials and methods. The authors used a mathematical description of the average parking duration and identified the main affecting factors, taking into account the proportion of workers in the mass gravity center. The authors proposed a mathematical dependence based on the average parking duration, taking into account reservation of parking places for workers and the required number of parking spaces for other categories. The paper considered the possibility of the intra-hour deficit of parking places based on the PHF-factor.Results. As a result, the authors made the comparison of the obtained values of the required parking spaces with the standard ones. The paper provided more than 30 types of mass gravity centers and urban areas. In addition, the authors considered the examples of assessing the required number of parking spaces near a large housing estate at the 8 km distance from the city center. Therefore, the authors proposed the technique for assessing the required number of parking spaces based on normative values per 100 m2 of the area of the mass gravity centers.Discussion and conclusions. The authors present recommendations are made for the practical application of the required number of parking spaces by the normative values.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Identifying Urban Structure Based on Transit-Oriented Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7241
Author(s):  
Yingqun Zhang ◽  
Rui Song ◽  
Rob van Nes ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Weichuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
City Center ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
The City

The fast development of urbanization has led to imbalances in cities, causing congestion, pollution, and urban sprawl. In response to the growing concern over the distribution of demand and supply, a more coordinated urban structure is addressed in comprehensive planning processes. In this study, we attempt to identify urban structure using a Network–Activity–Human model under the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) concept, since TOD is usually regarded as an urban spatial planning tool. In order to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the urban structure, we define the TOD index and unbalance degree and then classify the urban areas accordingly. We take the city of Beijing as a case study and identify nine urban types. The results show a hierarchical urban structure: the city center covers most of the hotspots which display higher imbalances, the surroundings of the city center are less developed, and the city edges show higher potentials in both exploitation and transportation development. Moreover, we discuss the extent to which the spatial scale influences the unbalance degree and apply a sensitivity analysis based on the goals of different stakeholders. This methodology could be utilized at any study scale and in any situation, and the results could offer suggestions for more accurate urban planning, strengthening the relationship between TOD and spatial organization.

Smart Cities: Study and Comparison of Traffic Light Optimization in Modern Urban Areas Using Artificial Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Mustapha Kabrane ◽  
Salah-ddine Krit ◽  
Lahoucine El Maimouni
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Signs

In large cities, the increasing number of vehicles private, society, merchandise, and public transport, has led to traffic congestion. Users spend much of their time in endless traffic congestion. To solve this problem, several solutions can be envisaged. The interest is focused on the  system of road signs: The use of a road infrastructure is controlled by a traffic light controller, so it is a matter of knowing how to make the best use of the controls of this system (traffic lights) so as to make traffic more fluid. The values of the commands computed by the controller are determined by an algorithm which is ultimately, only solves a mathematical model representing the problem to be solved. The objective is to make a study and then the comparison on the optimization techniques based on artificial intelligence1 to intelligently route vehicle traffic. These techniques make it possible to minimize a certain function expressing the congestion of the road network. It can be a function, the length of the queue at intersections, the average waiting time, also the total number of vehicles waiting at the intersection

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