Comparison of Existing Legal Assessment Values for Heavy Metal Deposition in Western Europe and Calculation of Assessment Values for Luxembourg

The protection against eco- and human-toxicological impairments caused by atmospheric deposition of heavy metals requires legally defined assessment values. Since such values are missing for Luxembourg, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate different approaches to derive assessment values for the regulation of heavy metals that are in accordance with scientific and legal standards. To this end, assessment values for heavy metals were derived from the compilation of respective values implemented in European countries. In addition, (1) precipitation-related assessment values for the protection of soil for Cr, Zn, and Cu and (2) precautionary assessment values (critical loads for Cr, Zn, and Cu, as well as As, Cd, Ni, and Pb) for the protection of human health and ecosystems were calculated. The calculation of the regionally differentiated precipitation-related assessment values resulted in ranges of 17–272 g Cu ha−1 a−1, 167–2672 g Zn ha−1 a−1 and 17–272 g Crtotal ha−1 a−1. The critical loads for drinking water protection vary in the ranges from 1.23 to 2.14 g Cd ha−1 a−1, from 4.05 to 8.63 g Pb ha−1 a−1, from 2.6 to 5.9 g As ha−1 a−1, from 258 to 564 g Cu ha−1 a−1, from 1292 to 2944 g Zn ha−1 a−1, and from 12.9 to 29.9 g Crtotal ha−1 a−1. Ecosystems are significantly more sensitive to Pb, Cu, and Zn inputs than humans. For As and Cr, humans react much more sensitively than ecosystems. For Cd, the critical loads for drinking water, ecosystems, and wheat products are about the same.

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Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2014/858720 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽

Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽

Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽

Toba Kiyanizadeh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Agricultural Water ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Concentration ◽

Cu And Zn ◽

Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

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Survey on nanofiltration technology efficiency in Heavy metals (Ni, Cu and Zn) removal from waste water

International Conference on Chemical, Environmental and Biological Sciences (CEBS-2015) March 18-19, 2015 Dubai (UAE) ◽

10.15242/iicbe.c0315074 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Cu And Zn

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Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

10.31221/osf.io/w958z ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Metals ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cigarette Tobacco ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Wet Digestion ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Cu And Zn ◽

Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

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HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS AND MARINE FISHES FROM BULGARIAN BLACK SEA

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93d4d78bb6.88545986 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Katya Peycheva ◽

Mona Stancheva ◽

Stanislava Georgieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Black Sea ◽

Fish Species ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Marine Fishes ◽

Marine Water ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sprattus Sprattus ◽

Cu And Zn

In this study, the ecosystem marine water-sediment-biota was investigated and the pollution was assessed. The concentrations of eight elements were determined in marine water, sediments and four fish species collected from Black Sea (Varna), Bulgaria during 2013. Marine water recorded the highest concentrations of Zn (15-22 μg/L), As (1.1–1.2 μg/L) and Pb (0.7-0.8 μg/L) while Zn (31-52 μg/g), Pb (21-29 μg/g) and Cu (20-34 μg/g) and show the highest concentrations in sediments. Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. In the analysed fish species, the highest concentration of the metals Cu and Zn were found in Trachurus Mediterrneus (0.42 mg/kg w.w) and in Sprattus Sprattus (12.7 mg/kg w.w), respectively while the heavy metals As and Hg were found with maximum values in Pseta Maxima (3.99 mg/kg w.w and 0.08 mg/kg w.w respectively). The results from this study were compared with our data for a previous period (2004-2006) and they show decrease in the levels of heavy metal.

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Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0119 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

C. Dierkes ◽

W. F. Geiger

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Roadside Soils ◽

Highway Runoff ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

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Technologies Developing in Heavy Metals’ Removal from Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w13060860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 860

Author(s):

Konstantinos Simeonidis ◽

Manassis Mitrakas

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Human Health ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Heavy Metals Removal ◽

Metals Removal ◽

Drinking Water Resources

Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water resources and industrial or urban wastewater pose a serious threat to human health and the equilibrium of ecosystems [...]

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The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 841

Author(s):

Marina Burachevskaya ◽

Saglara Mandzhieva ◽

Tatiana Bauer ◽

Tatiana Minkina ◽

Vishnu Rajput ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Granular Activated Carbon ◽

Total Content ◽

Metal Compounds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Sorption ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

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