scholarly journals Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Akiko Eto ◽  
Norio Yamamoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Kanatani
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Related Genes

The phenotype of an attenuated live vaccine depends on gene mutation achieved by, for example, many passages in cultured cells. Viral clones with preferable phenotypes are selected and the causative genetic mutation(s) are later identified. LC16m8 is an example of a highly attenuated smallpox vaccine that was developed and licensed in Japan in the 1970s. LC16m8 was obtained by the passaging of Lister strain, with indicators of small plaque formation and temperature sensitivity as virus phenotypes. This strain can replicate in mammalian cells and provides robust cellular and humoral immunity, as well as long-term immune memory. Recent studies using proteome-wide antigen arrays have revealed that antibody production against LC16m8 and other VACVs differs largely among individuals. Moreover, associations between SNPs in immune-related genes and immune outcomes have been increasingly found. These results lead to predicting adverse events of a vaccine, which is a purpose of vaccinomics. Studies on VACV will continue to contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions and to development of a vaccine for other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Here, we review studies of VACV, including our recent research on LC16m8, with a focus on the phenotype and genotype, and we discuss future research directions.

Unemployment, Underemployment, Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Winefield
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Future Research Directions

Research on unemployment, underemployment and organisational stress have become major social issues over the past 20 years and have attracted considerable research interest on the part of organisational psychologists both in Australia and overseas. Globalisation has led to restructuring and downsizing in many industrialised societies and a shift, for many workers, from the prospect of secure, long-term employment, to unemployment or inadequate or insecure employment. This paper reviews the research on these topics, discusses their theoretical implications and suggests future research directions.

Long-Term Effects of Sports Concussions: Bridging the Neurocognitive Repercussions of the Injury with the Newest Neuroimaging Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke C. Henry ◽  
Sebastien Tremblay ◽  
Louis De Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sports Concussions

Little is known of the long-term effects of sports-related concussion. Within the scientific literature, conclusions vary substantially where some work suggests there are no long-term consequences at all and other studies show rampant neurodegeneration thought to be caused by sometimes even a single concussive blow to the head. There is growing evidence that supports multiple long-term outcomes, showing both subclinical and clinically relevant changes in the brains of athletes, young and old alike. This article reviews the pathohistology of cerebral concussions and examines the extant literature with a focus on electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Neurobehavioral and neurocognitive changes are also reviewed, particularly as they are related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Lacunae within the literature are explored, and future research directions are proposed.

Research Partnerships in Sport for Development and Peace: Challenges, Barriers, and Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Welty Peachey ◽  
Adam Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Practical Implications

Research partnerships between scholars and sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations are common, but firsthand accounts of the challenges and barriers faced by scholars when forming and sustaining partnerships are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine them, and to uncover strategies to overcome these challenges across different partnership contexts. Eight prominent SDP scholars were interviewed. Guided by collaboration theory and the partnership literature, findings revealed challenges included navigating the political and organizational landscape; securing commitments from organizations with limited resources; negotiating divergent goals, objectives, and understandings; and conducting long-term evaluations and research. Strategies to address these issues involved developing strategic partnerships, cultivating mutual understanding, building trust, starting small, finding the cause champion, and developing a track record of success. Key theoretical and practical implications are drawn forth, as well as intriguing future research directions.

scholarly journals Involvement of Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Interaction with Polyphenol in Host Immunometabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3054
Author(s):  
Andy W.C. Man ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Ning Xia ◽  
Huige Li
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Metabolites Production

Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic consortium of gut microbes. Gut microbiota contributes to certain xenobiotic metabolisms and bioactive metabolites production. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to be involved in inflammatory activation of macrophages and contribute to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have focused on how nutrients affect immunometabolism. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of plants, are presented in many foods and beverages. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. Many clinical trials and epidemiological studies have also shown that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic metabolic diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with the immunometabolism. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism, summarize recent findings on how the interaction between microbiota and polyphenol modulates host immunometabolism, and discuss future research directions.

The Effect of Trust on the Continuance Intention of E-Filing Usage

2013 ◽  
pp. 290-310
Author(s):  
T. Santhanamery ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
Continuance Usage Intention ◽  
New Phase

Research on e-government is taking a new phase nowadays, with researchers focusing more to evaluate the continued usage intention by the citizens rather than the initial intention. Continuance intention is defined as a person’s intention to continue using, or long term usage intention of a technology. Unlike initial acceptance decision, continuance intention depends on various factors that affect the individual’s decision to continue using a particular system, with trust being one for the most important factors. Therefore, this case study aims to examine the role of trust, particularly trust in the system, on continuance usage intention of an e-filing system by taxpayers in Malaysia. The primary discussion in this case study concerns the e-filing system in Malaysia, followed by the strategies for successful adoption of e-government services and the benefits of e-government adoption, concluding with future research directions.

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussive symptoms in children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEITH OWEN YEATES
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe vast majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in children are of mild severity. Even if only a small proportion of children with mild TBI suffer negative outcomes, then mild TBI is a serious public health problem. This review summarizes the literature regarding the neurobehavioral outcomes associated with mild TBI in children and adolescents, focusing on the longstanding debate regarding postconcussive symptoms and attendant conceptual and methodological issues. The review also discusses future research directions, the long-term goal of which is to develop a comprehensive and integrated biopsychosocial model of outcomes that helps guide clinical management. (JINS, 2010,16, 953–960.)

scholarly journals Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Initiatives

Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes; (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being; and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit.

scholarly journals Transference interpretations as predictors of increased insight and affect expression in a single case of long-term psychoanalysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Sohtorik İlkmen ◽  
Sibel Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Affect Expression ◽  
Thematic Units ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Transference Relationship

Improved insight and affect expression have been associated with specific effects of transference work in psychodynamic psychotherapy. However, the micro-associations between these variables as they occur within the sessions have not been studied. The present study investigated whether the analyst’s transference interpretations predicted changes in a patient’s insight and emotion expression in her language during the course of a long-term psychoanalysis. 449 thematic units from 30 sessions coming from different years of psychoanalysis were coded by outside raters for analyst’s use of transference interpretations using Transference Work Scale, and patient’s insight, positive emotions, anger and sadness were calculated using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count System. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that transference interpretations positively predicted patient’s insight and positive emotion words and negatively predicted anger and sadness. The qualitative micro-analyses of selected sessions showed that the opportunity to explore negative emotions within the transference relationship reduced the patient’s avoidance of such feelings, generated insight into negative relational patterns, and helped form more balanced representations of self and others that allowed for positive feelings. The findings were discussed for clinical implications and future research directions.

Using humor and boosting emotions: An affect-based study of managerial humor, employees’ emotions and psychological capital

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1316-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilupama Wijewardena ◽  
Charmine EJ Härtel ◽  
Ramanie Samaratunge
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Quality Relationships

Evidence from emerging scholarly investigations consistently points to managerial humor as fruitful new grounds to expand management knowledge and practice. In light of this, the present study examined managerial humor as an affective event at work that has short-term emotional and long-term psychological outcomes for employees. To test this empirically, we recruited a sample of 2498 Australian employees to participate in a field experience sampling study. We also considered the potential moderating effect of leader–member exchange on the humor–emotions relationship. Findings provide initial support for managerial humor as an affective event such that when employees perceived their manager’s humor as positive they reported experiencing positive emotions, and vice versa. Importantly, employees with high-quality relationships with their managers responded to their manager’s humor use with a greater number of positive emotions and fewer negative emotions than did employees with low-quality relationships with their managers. We argue that humor is an event that managers must responsibly manage in order to produce positive emotional experiences for employees and support healthy emotion regulation at work. We also discuss the conditions under which it is advisable for managers to use humor with employees, and suggest future research directions to develop this growing field of inquiry.

Long-Term Export Stimuli and Firm Characteristics in a European LDC

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Katsikeas ◽  
Nigel F. Piercy
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Future Research Directions

This study presents an investigation of factors that stimulate the decision-making process of exporting firms from a European Lesser Developed Country (LDC) to continue and sustain export activities. The paper explores the existence of dimensions underlying export motivation and identifies potentially significant differences in perceptions of export stimuli based on firm size, degree of export involvement, and exporting experience. The findings point to a more proactive (than reactive) motivation structure underlying the export activities of these manufacturers. While no relationship is found between perceptions of export motivation and firm size, a number of significant differences in ongoing export stimuli are identified between different groups of firms in terms of export involvement and, to a lesser extent, exporting experience. Managerial and public policy implications are discussed, and suggestions for future research directions are outlined.

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