scholarly journals Isorhamnetin: A Nematocidal Flavonoid from Prosopis laevigata Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Larvae

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Manasés González-Cortazar ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Haemonchus contortus affect small ruminants all over the world. Anthelmintics cause resistance, contamination, and a risk of public health. Prosopis laevigata is a plant used as a home remedy against many diseases in Mexico. This study arose from a preliminary study where a P. laevigata hydroalcoholic extract (Pl-hae) showed anthelmintic activity (aa) against H. contortus. Searching for bioactive compounds (bac) with high aa, the Pl-hae was fractioned obtaining an aqueous (Aq-F) and an ethyl acetate fraction (EtAc-F), and a flavonoid with aa identified as isorhamnetin was obtained from EtAc-F. Both fractions were in vitro assessed by the egg hatch test (eht) and larval mortality (lm) assays. The bac obtained from EtAc-F were characterised by NMR analysis. The highest aa were recorded with EtAc-F, resulting in 100% eht and 80.45% lm at 0.75 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Alterations in eggs and larvae attributed to isorhamnetin were recorded by environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and by high-resolution digital-coupled camera. This flavonoid caused 100% eht at 0.07 mg/mL after 48 h and 100% lm at 7.5 mg/mL after 72 h exposure. Isorhamnetin has promising potential as an anthelmintic against sheep haemonchosis.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Michaela Komáromyová ◽  
Michal Babják ◽  
Michaela Urda Dolinská ◽  
Alžbeta Königová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen and Carbamide Peroxide in Bleaching, Enamel Morphology, and Mineral Composition: In vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Llena ◽  
Leopoldo Forner ◽  
Irene Esteve
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Color

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the bleaching effect, morphological changes, and variations in calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) in the enamel with hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) after the use of different application regimens. Materials and methods Four groups of five teeth were randomly assigned, according to the treatment protocol: HP 37.5% applied for 30 or 60 minutes (HP30, HP60), CP 16% applied for 14 or 28 hours (CP14, CP28). Changes in dental color were evaluated, according to the following formula: ΔE = [(La−Lb)2+(aa−ab)2 + (ba−bb)2]½. Enamel morphology and Ca and P compositions were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results ΔE HP30 was significantly greater than CP14 (10.37 ± 2.65/8.56 ± 1.40), but not between HP60 and CP28. HP60 shows greater morphological changes than HP30. No morphological changes were observed in the groups treated with CP. The reduction in Ca and P was significantly greater in HP60 than in CP28 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Both formulations improved tooth color; HP produced morphological changes and Ca and P a gradual decrease, while CP produced no morphological changes, and the decrease in mineral component was smaller. Clinical significance CP 16% applied during 2 weeks could be equally effective and safer for tooth whitening than to administer two treatment sessions with HP 37.5%. How to cite this article Llena C, Esteve I, Forner L. Effect of Hydrogen and Carbamide Peroxide in Bleaching, Enamel Morphology, and Mineral Composition: In vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):576-582.

In vitro larvicidal and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Oxalis tetraphylla (Oxalidaceae) hydroalcoholic extract against Haemonchus contortus in lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. González-Cruz ◽  
M. Rodríguez-Labastida ◽  
M. González-Cortázar ◽  
A. Zamilpa ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThe in vitro larvicidal and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Oxalis tetraphylla hydroalcoholic extract (HE), against Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected lambs, were assessed. We used a microtitration plate method, comprising the following two stages. Stage 1: 20 μl of water containing 200 sheathed H. contortus infective larvae (ShHcl) were deposited in every well of three series; then, the series 2 and 3 wells were treated with 80 μl 1% ivermectin and O. tetraphylla HE at 20 mg/ml, respectively. Stage 2: the same procedure was performed replacing the ShHcl with exsheathed larvae (ExShHcl). Evaluations were performed after 24 and 48 h. The total numbers of dead and live larvae were counted. A second experiment evaluated the reduction in nematode egg populations in the faeces of lambs treated orally with the O. tetraphylla HE. The 27 lambs used were divided into Groups 1, 2 and 3 (n = 9), which were administered water (positive control), levamisole 1 m (7.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), as a unique dose) and O. tetraphylla HE (20 mg/kg BW), respectively. The plant HE was administered daily for 8 days. The in vitro assay showed 80.9% and 86.5% larval mortality of ShHcl after 24 and 48 h, respectively, while the corresponding mortality values for ExShHcl were 97 and 99%, respectively. The in vivo assay showed variability in the eggs/gram of faeces (epg) values; however, at the end of the trial, the average reduction in the epg values of the O. tetraphylla HE group was 45.6% (P < 0.05). Oxalis tetraphylla HE contains compounds that belong to the flavonol group with anthelmintic activity.

scholarly journals In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Senna italica (Caesalpiniaceae) on Three-stages of Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Yongwa ◽  
Belga François Ngnodandi François Ngnoda ◽  
Dieudonné Ndjonka ◽  
Pierre Saotoing
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching

A phytochemical screening and in vitro anthelminthic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Senna italica on Haemonchus contortus were conducted. Polyphenol, tannin and flavonoid contents were determined by using gallic acid and rutin. egg hatching inhibition test was carried out on fresh eggs; larval mortality test was conducted on infective larvae (L3) and adult worm mortality test was conducted. Eggs, larvae and adults worms were incubated in aqueous and ethanolic extract of S. italica at different concentrations (0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 and 1 mg/mL). All extracts of plants showed an effect on all stages of H. contortus with high efficiency variations depending on the dose used. The inhibition of eggs hatching rate increased from 8.67±1.53% to 65.67±1.15% and from 24.67±1.53% to 80±1.73% respectively for aqueous and ethanolic extract of S. italic. The larval mortality rate increased from 12.22±2.34% to 56.67±4.9% after 24 h and from 45.28±4.11% to 91.25±3.73% after 48 h for aqueous extract and from 30.07±2.84% to 70.83±6.31% after 24 h and from 48.79±3.73% to 96.25±4.79% after 48 h for ethanolic extract. After 24 h of exposure to aqueous and ethanolic extract of S. italica, the adult mortality rate varies from 55.56±9.62% to 83.33±9.62% for aqueous extract and from 61.11±9.62% to 88.89±9.62%.These in vitro results confirm the use of S. italica in traditional medicine.

In vitro nematicidal effects of medicinal plants from the Sierra de Huautla, Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. López-Aroche ◽  
D.O. Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractTwenty extracts from plants from Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico were evaluated against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in an in vitro assay. The plant species evaluated were Bursera copallifera, B. grandifolia, Lippia graveolens, Passiflora mexicana, Prosopis laevigata, Randia echinocarpa and Urtica dioica. The plants were separated into their parts and macerated with different solvents (n-hexane, acetone, ethanol and methanol). An in vitro assay was used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against unsheathed third stage H. contortus infective larvae. The experiment was carried out in 24-well cell culture plates at room temperature with three replicates per treatment and using a concentration of 20 mg ml− 1. Ten 5 μl aliquots were taken from the corresponding wells and deposited on a slide for microscopical observation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exposure. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers of live and/or dead larvae in the different treatments. Alive and dead larval numbers were statistically analysed through the ANOVA test (P>0.01). The Tukey test was used as a complementary tool to determine which treatment was different from the other treatments (P>0.05). The highest mortality was observed with P. laevigata hexanic extract from stem and leaves combined, which produced 51%, 81% and 86% larval mortality at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure, respectively. On the other hand, B. copallifera stem acetonic extract exhibited 18%, 59% and 66% nematicidal activity after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta, Alpinia zerumbet and Lantana camara essential oils on Haemonchus contortus

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Alpinia Zerumbet

Phytotherapy can be an alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants. This study evaluated the efficacy of Alpinia zerumbet, Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta and Lantana camaraessential oils by two in vitro assays on Haemonchus contortus, an egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT). No effect was observed for L. camara in the EHT. A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils exhibited a dose-dependent effect in the EHT, inhibiting 81.2, 99 and 98.1% of H. contortus larvae hatching, respectively, at a concentration of 2.5 mg mL-1. The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching was 0.94, 0.63 and 0.53 mg mL-1 for A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils, respectively. In LDT, L. camara, A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta at concentration of 10 mg mL-1 inhibited 54.9, 94.2, 97.8 and 99.5% of H. contortus larval development, presenting EC50 values of 6.32, 3.88, 2.89 and 1.67 mg mL-1, respectively. Based on the promising results presented in this in vitro model, it may be possible use of these essential oils to control gastrointestinal nematodes. However, their anthelmintic activity should be confirmed in vivo.

In vitro nematocidal activity of commercial fatty acids and β-sitosterol against Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Pineda-Alegría ◽  
J.E. Sánchez ◽  
M. González-Cortazar ◽  
E. von Son-de Fernex ◽  
R. González-Garduño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Egg Hatching

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a haematophagous gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) that causes severe anaemia and even death in small ruminants, negatively impacting the economic viability of farms. Traditionally, this parasite has been controlled with chemical compounds; however, inadequate use of these types of products has favoured the emergence of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternatives for GIN control. Previous studies have reported the anthelmintic activity of edible mushroom extracts against H. contortus. A recent study reported that a fraction constituted of different fatty acids and β-sitosterol isolated from the basidiomata of the edible mushroom Pleurotus djamor ECS-123 has ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus. Thus, this study aimed to assess the anthelmintic activity of the pure molecules: pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, β-sitosterol, stearic acid and linoleic acid. For this purpose, an egg-hatching inhibition test was carried out in which the compounds were evaluated individually and in combination at a final concentration of 20 mg mL−1. Furthermore, larval mortality was assessed using a combination of the five commercial compounds previously mentioned at different concentrations (1.25–20 mg mL−1). Palmitic acid and stearic acid, in some combinations, inhibited H. contortus egg hatching by 100%. On the other hand, in the larval mortality test, the combination of the five compounds showed dose-dependent behaviour, and 100% mortality was obtained 24 h post-incubation. Pure molecules and their combinations have anthelmintic-like activity against the eggs and larvae of H. contortus.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extract and Essential Oil ofTanacetum vulgare(Asteraceae) against Adult Worms ofSchistosoma mansoni

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyana Silva Godinho ◽  
Lara Soares Aleixo de Carvalho ◽  
Clarissa Campos Barbosa de Castro ◽  
Mirna Meana Dias ◽  
Priscila de Faria Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Morphological Alterations

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genusSchistosoma, affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and its control is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel.Tanacetum vulgare(Asteraceae) is used in folk medicine as a vermifuge. This study aimed to investigate thein vitroschistosomicidal activity of the crude extract (TV) and the essential oil (TV-EO) from the aerial parts ofT. vulgare. TV-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS, which allowed the identification ofβ-thujone (84.13%) as the major constituent. TV and TV-EO, at 200 μg/mL, decreased motor activity and caused 100% mortality of all adult worms. At 100 and 50 μg/mL, only TV caused death of all adult worms, while TV-EO was inactive. TV (200 μg/mL) was also able to reduce viability and decrease production of developed eggs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed morphological alterations in the tegument of theS. mansonisurface after incubation with TV (50 and 100 μg/mL). Quantitative analysis on the schistosomes tegument showed that TV caused changes in the numbers of tubercles ofS. mansonimale worms in a dose-dependent manner. The findings suggest thatT. vulgareis a potential source of schistosomicidal compounds.

In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Bidens pilosa Linn. (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbogning Gertrude ◽  
J. Poné ◽  
Komtangi Claire ◽  
Yondo Jeannette ◽  
M. Alidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Eggs And Larvae
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