Research Progress of a Potential Bioreactor: Duckweed

Recently, plant bioreactors have flourished into an exciting area of synthetic biology because of their product safety, inexpensive production cost, and easy scale-up. Duckweed is the smallest and fastest-growing aquatic plant, and has advantages including simple processing and the ability to grow high biomass in smaller areas. Therefore, duckweed could be used as a new potential bioreactor for biological products such as vaccines, antibodies, pharmaceutical proteins, and industrial enzymes. Duckweed has made a breakthrough in biosynthesis as a chassis plant and is being utilized for the production of plenty of biological products or bio-derivatives with multiple uses and high values. This review summarizes the latest progress on genetic background, genetic transformation system, and bioreactor development of duckweed, and provides insights for further exploration and application of duckweed.

Download Full-text

TEPUNG PUPA-MULBERRY (PURY) SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN ALTERNATIF KAYA GIZI

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2009.4.1.29-32 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Trina Astuti ◽

Clara Meliyanti Kusharto

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Immature Stage ◽

Complementary Food ◽

Font Size ◽

Weaning Food ◽

Basic Formula ◽

Silkworm Pupae ◽

Simple Processing ◽

Silkworm Cocoon

Silkworm pupae is immature stage of moth. It is inner part of the silkworm cocoon shell which usually disposed from yarn silk production, and now has become a valuable ingredient of human food in many countries, however it is not common yet in Indonesia. The purpose of study is to develop a weaning food as nutritious basic formula of complementary food from pupae waste. A silkworm pupae was a major constituents used as materials. There are sixth steps to get PURY properly: select a fresh, fine and clean pupae, steamed well about 10 seconds, grinded and sifted it to get liquid, added 10% maize powder, dried in oven at 60ºC for 6 hours, and refine on blender. A fine powder, so called “PURY”, has a well balanced amount of moisture, protein, fat included PUFA, carbohydrate, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Through a simple processing, the dry product of fine PURY powder can be obtained and used as a basic formula of complementary food and snacks and has made great contribution to reduce pupae waste. Research is continued to scale up producing PURY based product for more food-technological uses in order to reduce prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia.

Download Full-text

Microarray-based gene expression analysis as a process characterization tool to establish comparability of complex biological products: Scale-up of a whole-cell immunotherapy product

Biotechnology and Bioengineering ◽

10.1002/bit.22441 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a

Author(s):

Min Wang ◽

Ryan S. Senger ◽

Carlos Paredes ◽

Gautam G. Banik ◽

Andy Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Scale Up ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Biological Products ◽

Process Characterization ◽

Cell Immunotherapy

Download Full-text

Research Progress and Prospects of Nanozyme-Based Glucose Biofuel Cells

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11082116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2116

Author(s):

Phan Gia Le ◽

Moon Il Kim

Keyword(s):

Microbial Growth ◽

Scale Up ◽

Implantable Devices ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Research Progress ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Catalytic Activities ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽

Microbial Biofuel ◽

Harsh Conditions

The appearance and evolution of biofuel cells can be categorized into three groups: microbial biofuel cells (MBFCs), enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs), and enzyme-like nanomaterial (nanozyme)-based biofuel cells (NBFCs). MBFCs can produce electricity from waste; however, they have significantly low power output as well as difficulty in controlling electron transfer and microbial growth. EBFCs are more productive in generating electricity with the assistance of natural enzymes, but their vulnerability under diverse environmental conditions has critically hindered practical applications. In contrast, because of the intrinsic advantages of nanozymes, such as high stability and robustness even in harsh conditions, low synthesis cost through facile scale-up, and tunable catalytic activity, NBFCs have attracted attention, particularly for developing wearable and implantable devices to generate electricity from glucose in the physiological fluids of plants, animals, and humans. In this review, recent studies on NBFCs, including the synthetic strategies and catalytic activities of metal and metal oxide-based nanozymes, the mechanism of electricity generation from glucose, and representative studies are reviewed and discussed. Current challenges and prospects for the utilization of nanozymes in glucose biofuel cells are also discussed.

Download Full-text

Fuel Cell ASAP: Two Iterations of an Automated Stack Assembly Process and Ramifications for Fuel Cell Design-for-Manufacture Considerations

ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1115/fuelcell2009-85231 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Laskowski ◽

Stephen Derby

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Scale Up ◽

High Volume ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Research Progress ◽

Cell Assembly ◽

Production Scale ◽

Design For Manufacture ◽

Fuel Cell Stack

Polymer-electrode membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology, a low-emissions power source receiving much attention for its efficiency, will need to progress from low-volume production to high-volume within the course of the next decade. To successfully achieve this transition, significant research progress has already been made towards developing a fully-functional fuel cell automatic stack assembly robotic station. Lessons can be drawn from this research with regards to design-for-manufacture (DFM) and design-for-assembly (DFA) considerations of fuel cells; however, more work still remains to be done. This document outlines both iterations of the robotic fuel cell assembly stations, other work to date, DFM and DFA lessons learned, and the anticipated future progression of automatic fuel cell stack assembly stations. A literature search reveals numerous patents pertaining to equipment and processes for fuel cell assembly as well as a great number of patents pertaining to fuel cell stack features to aid in manufacture or assembly. However, most of this is focused upon proper compression of the membrane material, with little thought given to overall assembly and throughput. Journal articles have begun to consider real-world manufacturing considerations pertinent to production scale-up, but much remains to be done. Therefore, there is a need for more contributions to stack manufacture and assembly. Work already completed (by the authors and their lab) towards the manufacturing workcell specifically includes the design and construction of two individual robotic fuel cell assembly stations, including custom-built end effectors and parts feeders. The second station incorporated numerous improvements, including overlapping work envelopes, elimination of a shuttle cart, software synchronization, fewer axes, and a better end effector. Consequentially, the second workcell achieved a four-fold improvement in cycle time over the previous iteration. Future improvements will focus in part upon improving the reliability of the overall system. Close study of the manufacturing workcell indicated that stack component design features are key for production and scale-up of fuel cell stack manufacturing processes. Critical features are discussed in this article, as well as their ramifications for the overall stack design. As the stack assembly workcell continues to improve, research will focus upon the ramifications and interplay of tolerances, stack failure modes, sealing, reliability, and the potential for component redesign specifically to optimize fuel cell manufacturing throughput.

Download Full-text

Drying

Bioseparations Science and Engineering ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195391817.003.0014 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Roger G. Harrison ◽

Paul W. Todd ◽

Scott R. Rudge ◽

Demetri P. Petrides

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Common Reason ◽

Convective Drying ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Biological Product ◽

Process Industries ◽

Volatile Substances ◽

Biological Products ◽

Product Degradation ◽

Bound And Unbound Water

The last step in the separation process for a biological product is usually drying, which is the process of thermally removing volatile substances (often water) to yield a solid. In the step preceding drying, the desired product is generally in an aqueous solution and at the desired final level of purity. The most common reason for drying a biological product is that it is susceptible to chemical (e.g., deamidation or oxidation) and/or physical (e.g., aggregation and precipitation) degradation during storage in a liquid formulation. Another common reason for drying is for convenience in the final use of the product. For example, it is often desirable that pharmaceutical drugs be in tablet form. Additionally, drying may be necessary to remove undesirable volatile substances. Also, although many bioproducts are stable when frozen, it is more economical and convenient to store them in dry form rather than frozen. Drying is now an established unit operation in the process industries. However, because most biological products are thermally labile, only those drying processes that minimize or eliminate thermal product degradation are actually used to dry biological products. This chapter focuses on the types of dryer that have generally found the greatest use in the drying of biological products: vacuum-shelf dryers, batch vacuum rotary dryers, freeze dryers, and spray dryers [1]. The principles discussed, however, will apply to other types of dryers as well. We begin with the fundamental principles of drying, followed by a description of the types of dryer most used for biological products. Then we present scale-up and design methods for these dryers. After completing this chapter, the reader should be able to do the following: • Do drying calculations involving relative humidity using the psychrometric moisture chart and the equilibrium moisture curve for the material being dried. • Calculate the relative amounts of bound and unbound water in wet solids before drying. • Model heat transfer in conductive drying and calculate conductive drying times. • Interpret drying rate curves. • Calculate convective drying times of nonporous solids based on mass transfer.

Download Full-text

Progress and Priorities in Research to Improve Outcomes for Students With or at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/0198742918808485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 85-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Blair P. Lloyd ◽

Allison L. Bruhn ◽

Kevin S. Sutherland ◽

Catherine P. Bradshaw

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Emotional And Behavioral Disorders ◽

Scale Up ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Research Progress ◽

Recommendations For Practice ◽

Position Article ◽

Students With Ebd

The Peacock Hill Working Group (PHWG) published a seminal position article nearly 30 years ago on the state of the field of special education for children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). They concluded their discussion with a set of recommendations for practice, policy, and research. The purpose of the present article is to revisit the PHWG’s calls to the field with an emphasis on setting a research agenda related to children and youth with EBD. As a follow-up to the problems and promises identified by the PHWG, we identify progress and priorities for each of their six calls for research to improve outcomes for students with EBD. We address the broader context underlying each recommendation and how it has changed over time, describe research progress to date, and identify priorities to move the field forward. The overarching goal of this article is to inform and help shape the next phase of research on EBD, which in turn will advance the implementation and scale-up of effective programs and practices to better meet the needs of students with EBD in schools.

Download Full-text

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007480x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 202-203

Author(s):

L.E. Murr ◽

J.S. Dunning ◽

S. Shankar

Keyword(s):

Solid Solution ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Alloy Composition ◽

Chromium Content ◽

Scale Up ◽

Optical Metallography ◽

Property Evaluation ◽

310 Stainless Steel ◽

Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

Download Full-text

Which Data to Meta-Analyze, and How?

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 227 (1) ◽

pp. 64-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin Voracek ◽

Michael Kossmeier ◽

Ulrich S. Tran

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Research Progress ◽

Primary Data ◽

Statistical Procedures ◽

Graphical Displays ◽

Primary Data Analysis ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Data Analytic

Abstract. Which data to analyze, and how, are fundamental questions of all empirical research. As there are always numerous flexibilities in data-analytic decisions (a “garden of forking paths”), this poses perennial problems to all empirical research. Specification-curve analysis and multiverse analysis have recently been proposed as solutions to these issues. Building on the structural analogies between primary data analysis and meta-analysis, we transform and adapt these approaches to the meta-analytic level, in tandem with combinatorial meta-analysis. We explain the rationale of this idea, suggest descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as graphical displays, provide code for meta-analytic practitioners to generate and use these, and present a fully worked real example from digit ratio (2D:4D) research, totaling 1,592 meta-analytic specifications. Specification-curve and multiverse meta-analysis holds promise to resolve conflicting meta-analyses, contested evidence, controversial empirical literatures, and polarized research, and to mitigate the associated detrimental effects of these phenomena on research progress.

Download Full-text