scholarly journals Recent Advances in Pancreatic Cancer: Novel Prognostic Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy—A Review of the Literature

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Konstantin Schlick ◽  
Dominik Kiem ◽  
Richard Greil
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors ◽  
Novel Approaches

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma carries a devastating prognosis. For locally advanced and metastatic disease, several chemotherapeutic regimens are currently being used. Over the past years, novel approaches have included targeting EGFR, NTRK, PARP, K-Ras as well as stroma and fibrosis, leading to approval of NTRK and PARP inhibitors. Moreover, immune check point inhibitors and different combinational approaches involving immunotherapeutic agents are being investigated in many clinical trials. MiRNAs represent a novel tool and are thought to greatly improve management by allowing for earlier diagnosis and for more precise guidance of treatment.

Opportunities and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dujuan Cao ◽  
Qianqian Song ◽  
Junqi Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
Zhimin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumours with a poor prognosis. In recent years, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is on the rise. Traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer have been improved, first-line and second-line palliative treatments have been developed, and adjuvant treatments have also been used in clinical. However, the 5-year survival rate is still less than 10% and new treatment methods such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy need to be investigated. In the past decades, many clinical trials of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer were launched and some of them showed an ideal prospect in a subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients. The experience of both success and failure of these clinical trials will be helpful to improve these therapies in the future. Therefore, the current research progress and challenges of selected targeted therapies and immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer are reviewed.

scholarly journals Immune Check-Point Inhibitors and Standard Chemoradiotherapy in Definitive Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Francesca De Felice ◽  
Daniela Musio ◽  
Vincenzo Tombolini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors

In head and neck cancer management, there is a need for tailored approaches to optimally implement clinical outcomes. Based on the assumption that efficacy and long-term toxicity are not satisfactory for standard concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy, several trials have been designed to test whether induction immunotherapy and/or concomitant immunotherapy and radiotherapy result in improved survival and toxicity outcomes. Here, we present an overview of the most recent concomitant therapeutic strategies for head and neck cancer, focusing on the knowledge available regarding check-point inhibitors. The aim is to present the characteristics of the main check-point inhibitors and to summarize the clinical trials on the combination of immune check-point inhibitors and (chemo)radiotherapy in the definitive HNC setting, in order to provide a useful clinical tool for further research.

scholarly journals Resection of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Neoplasms after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine following FOLFIRINOX Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hahn ◽  
Ahmet Ayav ◽  
Anthony Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Center Experience

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has dramatically increased over the past years, but the prognosis has not improved. Between 30 and 40% of tumors are considered locally advanced, essentially due to vascular involvement. In recent years, new chemotherapy protocols with high response rates have been developed. FOLFIRINOX seems to be an interesting option in this situation, but hematologic toxicity could be an obstacle to its prescription. Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine offer significant response rates with a reasonable safety profile. We report here a single-center experience of 2 cases with a locally advanced pancreatic cancer initially considered unresectable, progressive after first-line neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy, and then treated with second-line nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy of brain metastases: breaking a “dogma”

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Di Giacomo ◽  
Monica Valente ◽  
Alfonso Cerase ◽  
Maria Fortunata Lofiego ◽  
Francesca Piazzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Until very few years ago, the oncology community dogmatically excluded any clinical potential for immunotherapy in controlling brain metastases. Therefore, despite the significant therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to immune check-point(s) across a wide range of tumor types, patients with brain disease were invariably excluded from clinical trials with these agents. Recent insights on the immune landscape of the central nervous system, as well as of the brain tumor microenvironment, are shedding light on the immune-biology of brain metastases. Interestingly, retrospective analyses, case series, and initial prospective clinical trials have recently investigated the role of different immune check-point inhibitors in brain metastases, reporting a significant clinical activity also in this subset of patients. These findings, and their swift translation in the daily practice, are driving fundamental changes in the clinical management of patients with brain metastases, and raise important neuroradiologic challenges. Along this line, neuro-oncology undoubtedly represents an additional area of active investigation and of growing interest to support medical oncologists in the evaluation of clinical responses of brain metastases to ICI treatment, and in the management of neurologic immune-related adverse events. Aim of this review is to summarize the most recent findings on brain metastases immunobiology, on the evolving scenario of clinical efficacy of ICI therapy in patients with brain metastases, as well as on the increasing relevance of neuroradiology in this therapeutic setting.

scholarly journals Update Breast Cancer 2020 Part 2 – Advanced Breast Cancer: New Treatments and Implementation of Therapies with Companion Diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Diana Lüftner ◽  
Andreas Schneeweiss ◽  
Andreas D. Hartkopf ◽  
Volkmar Müller ◽  
Achim Wöckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Companion Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, new and effective therapies such as CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and a PD-L1 inhibitor have been introduced in recent years. This review presents an update on the available studies with their data. In addition, two innovative anti-HER2 therapies are presented (trastuzumab-deruxtecan and tucatinib) for which the results from new studies have been reported. Molecular tests offer the possibility of defining patient populations or also monitoring courses of therapy. This can help identify patients with specific characteristics in order to provide them with individually targeted therapy within the framework of studies. In a large study, the benefit of such a biomarker study was able to be described for the first time.

scholarly journals Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: State of the Art of FGFR Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482198931
Author(s):  
Tianyu Wu ◽  
Xiaoqing Jiang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Bodeng Wu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Primary Liver Tumor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Measures

Objective: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the second most common type of primary liver tumor, has an increasing incidence in the past few decades. iCCA is highly malignant, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 5-10%. Surgical resection is usually the prescribed treatment for patients with early stage iCCA; however, patients are usually in an advanced stage iCCA upon diagnosis. Currently, targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatment measures have been mainly adopted as palliative treatment measures. As a common candidate of targeted therapy, FGFR inhibitors have demonstrated their unique advantages in clinical trials. At present, the prospect of FGFR targeted therapy is encouraging. The landscape of FGFR inhibitors in iCCA is needed to be showed urgently. Methods: We searched relative reports of clinical trials on FGFR inhibitors in PubMed as well as Web of Science. We also concluded other available clinical trials of FGFR inhibitors (Data were collected from clinicaltrials.gov ). Results: Several relatively effective targeted drugs are being used in clinical trials. Some preliminary results indicate the outlook of targeted therapy such as BGJ398, TAS120, and HSP90 inhibitors. Conclusions: In summary, FGFR targeted therapy has broad prospects for the treatment of iCCA.

scholarly journals Oncolytic virotherapy for pancreatic cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Wennier ◽  
Shoudong Li ◽  
Grant McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Oncolytic Virotherapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Biology ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Manipulated

Within the past decade, many oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been studied as potential treatments for pancreatic cancer and some of these are currently under clinical trials. The applicability of certain OVs, such as adenoviruses, herpesviruses and reoviruses, for the treatment of pancreatic cancer has been intensively studied for several years, whereas the applicability of other more recently investigated OVs, such as poxviruses and parvoviruses, is only starting to be determined. At the same time, studies have identified key characteristics of pancreatic cancer biology that provide a better understanding of the important factors or pathways involved in this disease. This review aims to summarise the different replication-competent OVs proposed as therapeutics for pancreatic cancer. It also focuses on the unique biology of these viruses that makes them exciting candidate virotherapies for pancreatic cancer and discusses how they could be genetically manipulated or combined with other drugs to improve their efficacy based on what is currently known about the molecular biology of pancreatic cancer.

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