scholarly journals A Rapid Method for Postmortem Vitreous Chemistry—Deadside Analysis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Brita Zilg ◽  
Kanar Alkass ◽  
Robert Kronstrand ◽  
Sören Berg ◽  
Henrik Druid
Keyword(s):  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
Vitreous Fluid ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
The Right ◽  
Death Investigation ◽  
Estimation Of Time

Vitreous fluid is commonly collected for toxicological analysis during forensic postmortem investigations. Vitreous fluid is also often analyzed for potassium, sodium, chloride and glucose for estimation of time since death, and for the evaluation of electrolyte imbalances and hyperglycemia, respectively. Obtaining such results in the early phase of a death investigation is desirable both in regard to assisting the police and in the decision-making prior to the autopsy. We analyzed vitreous fluid with blood gas instruments to evaluate/examine the possible impact of different sampling and pre-analytical treatment. We found that samples from the right and left eye, the center of the eye as well as whole vitreous samples gave similar results. We also found imprecision to be very low and that centrifugation and dilution were not necessary when analyzing vitreous samples with blood gas instruments. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the same samples with a regular multi-analysis instrument, but we found that such instruments could require dilution of samples with high viscosity, and that such dilution might impact measurement accuracy. In conclusion, using a blood gas instrument, the analysis of postmortem vitreous fluid for electrolytes and glucose without sample pretreatment produces rapid and reliable results.

Role of central and peripheral chemoreceptors in diving responses of ducks

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. R537-R545 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Jones ◽  
W. K. Milsom ◽  
G. R. Gabbott
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptors ◽  
Central Chemoreceptors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

Using techniques of vascular isolation and subsequent perfusion we have investigated the effects of altering blood gas tensions, in the cerebral and carotid body circulations, on some cardiovascular responses to diving in unanesthetized ducks. After denervating the right carotid body, perfusion of the innervated left carotid body with hyperoxic blood significantly reduced diving bradycardia and reduced the increase in hindlimb vascular resistance (HLVR) in 1-min dives compared with dives in which the innervated carotid body was autoperfused. Denervation of systemic arterial baroreceptors reduced the fall in heart rate (HR) and increased the rise in HLVR in all dives. Cross-perfusion of the head, from a donor with blood of normal blood gas tensions, did not significantly affect HR or HLVR in 2-min dives compared with dives in which the head was autoperfused. however, cross-perfusing the cerebral circulation with blood of elevated PaCO2 caused significantly greater increases in HLVR than when high PaCO2 only affected the peripheral circulation. We conclude that peripheral chemoreceptors cause virtually all the bradycardia in the later stages of a dive but only about one-half the increase in HLVR, a significant contribution comes from the stimulation of central chemoreceptors with blood of high PaCO2.

Blood-gas CO2 equilibration in lungs of unanesthetized dogs during hypercapnia

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Jennings ◽  
M. Meyer ◽  
T. Stokke ◽  
J. Piiper ◽  
P. Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Recorded Temperature

We have reinvestigated the problem of blood-gas equilibration of CO2 in lungs during hypercapnia. Six dogs with chronic tracheostomy and exteriorized carotid artery were subjected in acute experiments to hypercapnic inspired mixtures [CO2 fraction of expired gas (FICO2) = 0.06; 0.08; 0.10]. Expired CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) was continuously measured with a respiratory mass spectrometer and compared with arterial PCO2 determined in blood samples that were collected during apparent steady-state conditions. Particular care was taken in using continuously recorded temperature in the right heart for correction of blood PCO2 measured by CO2 electrodes. In no animal was there a significant difference between arterial and alveolar PCO2. On the average, this difference was -0.1 Torr at FICO2 = 0.06; 0.0 Torr at FICO2 = 0.08, and -0.2 Torr at FICO2 = 0.10. The results are in agreement with the conventional view that PCO2 in pulmonary capillary blood approaches PCO2 in alveolar gas.

scholarly journals Bumetanide Suppression of Angiogenesis in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Sibel Guzel ◽  
Charles L. Cai ◽  
Taimur Ahmad ◽  
Michelle Quan ◽  
Gloria B. Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitreous Fluid ◽  
Pharmacologic Agent ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Oxygen Induced Retinopathy ◽  
Diuretic Agent ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Postnatal Treatment ◽  
Retinal Angiogenesis ◽  
The Right

Aquaporins (AQPs) are involved in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and retinal damage. Bumetanide is a diuretic agent, Na+/K+/Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1), and AQP 1–4 inhibitor. We tested the hypothesis that early postnatal treatment with bumetanide suppresses biomarkers of angiogenesis and decreases severe retinopathy oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Neonatal rats were exposed at birth (P0) to either (1) room air (RA); (2) hyperoxia (50% O2); or (3) intermittent hypoxia (IH) consisting of 50% O2 with brief, clustered episodes of 12% O2 from P0 to postnatal day 14 (P14), during which they were treated intraperitoneally (IP) with bumetanide (0.1 mg/kg/day) or an equivalent volume of saline, on P0–P2. Pups were examined at P14 or allowed to recover in RA from P14–P21. Retinal angiogenesis, morphometry, pathology, AQPs, and angiogenesis biomarkers were determined at P14 and P21. Bumetanide reduced vascular abnormalities associated with severe OIR. This was associated with reductions in AQP-4 and VEGF. Bumetanide suppressed sVEGFR-1 in the serum and vitreous fluid, but levels were increased in the ocular tissues during recovery. Similar responses were noted for IGF-I. In this model, early systemic bumetanide administration reduces severe OIR, the benefits of which appear to be mediated via suppression of AQP-4 and VEGF. Further studies are needed to determine whether bumetanide at the right doses may be considered a potential pharmacologic agent to treat retinal neovascularization.

scholarly journals Right Heart Functional Changes in the Acute, Hypercapnic Exacerbations of COPD

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Terzano ◽  
Sofia Romani ◽  
Carlo Gaudio ◽  
Francesco Pelliccia ◽  
Mattia Serao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Copd Exacerbation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Severe Copd

Objective. To investigate the correlation between respiratory failure and the pulmonary circulation. We focused on anatomical and functional changes of the right heart.Design. Clinical investigation.Methods. We evaluated 75 patients hospitalized in our respiratory ward for COPD exacerbation. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and measurements of right heart chambers. Moreover all patients underwent blood tests, measurement of blood pressure, evaluation of body mass index (BMI), ECGs, pulmonary function tests, and the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Results. Among 75 patients consecutively hospitalized, 56 patients with a COPD exacerbation were included in our study. We have emphasized the higher value of PAPs and the increased size of right atrial area in severe COPD patients. Significant correlation was observed between low values of PaO2and larger area of the right atrium. The measurement of TAPSE showed a right ventricular dysfunction in all patients but especially in severe COPD patients. We have obtained a significant correlation between TAPSE and arterial blood gas.Conclusions. In patients with chronic respiratory failure, blood gas parameters should be considered as negative prognostic factors of right heart failure. Respiratory failure shows a relationship with pulmonary hypertension and with the anatomy and function of the right heart sections.

scholarly journals Investigación de mercados de un instrumento de análisis articular: un caso práctico

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
A. Tortosa Tarancón
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
New Products ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Push Model

El proceso de lanzamiento de nuevos productos debe estar basado en datos del mercado que permitan realizar una estrategia de entrada y comunicación que permita minimizar al máximo la incertidumbre. El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar una investigación de mercados para establecer una estrategia de ventas y comunicación adecuada para un instrumento de análisis del tobillo. Para ello se administró un cuestionario a 138 deportistas y 130 fisioterapeutas. Los resultados sugieren realizar una estrategia de comunicación centrada en un modelo push y una estrategia de ventas concentrada, sin necesidad de segmentación por disponibilidad de pago por el producto o edad. Por lo que podemos concluir que esta investigación de mercados tuvo el resultado esperado, y ayudó a crear estrategias de marketing centradas en el encaje producto-cliente. The launch of new products process must be based on market data that let make an entrance and communication strategy that will make decrease uncertainty. The main objective of this market research is to establish a suitable sales and communication strategy for an ankle analysis instrument. To reach the objective, a questionnaire was administered to 138 athletes and 130 physiotherapist. The results support a communication strategy based in a push model and a focused sales model, without necessity of segmentation by pay availability or age. We can conclude that this market research had the result expected, and helped to the creation of the right marketing strategies focused on the product-market fit.

Effect of oil starvation on the surface dimple in elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact under opposite sliding conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghua Meng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Binbin Zhang ◽  
Qian Zou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Optical interferometry experiments were performed to investigate the dimple phenomena in starved elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts under opposite sliding condition by using a high viscosity polybutene (PB) lubricant. The effects of the bilateral starvation, left starvation, and right starvation on the variation of the oil film under a high slide-to-roll ratio were investigated. It was found that oil starvation could generate a starved constriction, which would make the shape of the oil film resemble the one in pure-rolling or rolling-sliding contact. However, the film thickness at the starved constriction is much lower. In addition, the influence of the applied load on the variation of the surface dimple in fully flooded and starved conditions was explored. It was found that the effect of oil starvation depended on the way the net mass flow through the contact zone. When the net mass flow was from left to right, a major constriction was formed on the right side, and vice versa. When symmetrically increasing the degree of oil starvation, the classical big dimple shrunk and became centralized before eventually disappearing and the contact approximated the nominally flat state of a heavily starved or almost dry contact.

scholarly journals I. On the analytical theory of the attraction of solids bounded by surfaces of a hypothetical class including the ellipsoid

1860 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Constant Independent ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

The following investigation is the result of an attempt to simplify the analytical treatment of the problem of the Attraction of Ellipsoids. The application to this particular case, of certain known propositions relating to closed surfaces in general, showed that the principal theorems could easily be deduced without taking account of any other properties of the ellipsoid than those expressed by two differential equations, of which the truth is evident on inspection. In fact if we take the equation x 2 / a 2 + h + y 2 / b 2 + h + z 2 / c 2 + h = k , we see at once that the expression on the left side, considered as a function of x, y, z, h , satisfies the two partial differential equations d 2 u / dx 2 + d 2 u / dy 2 + d 2 u / dz 2 = 2 (1/ a 2 + h + 1/ b 2 + h + 1/ c 2 + h ) ( du/dx ) 2 + ( du/dy ) 2 + ( du/dz ) 2 + 4 du/dh = 0, and these equations express all that we require to know about the ellipsoid, except the fact that the surface is capable of being extended to infinity in every direction by the variation of h , without ceasing to be closed. But it appeared also that the success of the method depended only on the circumstance that the right-hand member of the first equation, and the coefficient of du/dh in the second, are constants independent of k . It was therefore possible to generalize the process by taking indeterminate functions of h for these two constants. As, however, the coefficient of du/dh could always be reduced to a constant independent of h , by taking a function of h as a parameter instead of h , we may suppose, without loss of generality, that this reduction has been effected.

scholarly journals Alternatif Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Materi Osmosis Berbasis ANCORB

BIODIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Wiwin Kurniasih ◽  
Sri Anggraeni ◽  
Bambang Supriatno
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

Exsperiment method is the right method for learning biology. Osmosis is one of the important biological concepts and can be used to understand other biological concepts and requires exsperimental activities to better understand students. The implementation of exsperimental activities is guided by Student Work Sheets (LKS). The better worksheet, the better achievement of the exsperimenal objectives. However, only 24% of LKS in the field are suitable. This study aims to analyze and reconstruct LKS osmosis exsperiment on grade XI which has been used in high school and equivalent. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a sample of 10 worksheets about osmosis in different curriculum taken using total sampling. The instrument used was the LKS analysis instrument (conceptual, practical and knowledge construction) to determine the suitability of LKS with the curriculum and rubrics based on Vee Diagrams (Novak and Gowin, 2006) to support the analysis of knowledge construction. The results of the analysis using the LKS analysis instrument found the most dominant problems including: (1) cognitive problems: 7 content LKS does not match with KD and 7 LKS competence does not match with KD; (2) practical problems; 10 The worksheet does not include a time allocation; and (3) knowledge construction problems: 6 LKS do not require students to do data analysis, 6 LKS do not construct student knowledge. While the results of the analysis using Diagram Vee found only 3-4 LKS who achieved an ideal score (score 3) on each component of Diagram Vee. The conclusion from the analysis can be seen that the worksheet already has a conceptual, practical and knowledge construction component and a Vee Diagram component, but there are still some problems and the scores obtained are not yet optimal. So there is a need for reconstruction, especially on the components mentioned earlier. Abstrak. Metode praktikum adalah metode yang tepat untuk pembelajaran biologi. Osmosis adalah salah satu konsep biologi yang penting dan dasar untuk dapat memahami konsep biologi yang lainnya dan membutuhkan kegiatan praktikum untuk lebih memahamkan peserta didik. Pelaksanaan kegiatan praktikum dipandu oleh Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD). Semakin baik LKPD, maka akan semakin baik juga ketercapaian dari tujuan praktikum. Namun LKPD yang berada di lapangan hanya 24% saja yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis, uji coba, rekonstruksi, dan membuat (ANCORB) alternatif LKPD praktikum osmosis di kelas XI yang selama ini digunakan di sekolah menengah atas dan sederajat. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan sampel 10 LKPD mengenai praktikum osmosis pada kurikulum yang berbeda yang diambil menggunakan cara total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen analisis LKPD (analisis konseptual, praktikal dan konstruksi pengetahuan) untuk mengetahui kesesuaian LKPD dengan kurikulum dan rubrik berdasarkan Diagram Vee (Novak & Gowin, 1984) untuk mendukung analisis konstruksi pengetahuan pada LKPD. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan masih terdapat prosedur dan hasil praktikum yang kurang sesuai. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan instrumen masih ditemukan berbagai masalah baik itu pada aspek kognitif, aspek praktikal, dan aspek konstruksi pengetahuan. Kemudian hasil analisis dengan menggunakan Diagram Vee, beberapa LKPD belum mencapai skor ideal. Sehingga perlu adanya rekonstruksi terutama pada komponen-komponen yang bermasalah untuk menghasilkan alternatif LKPD praktikum osmosis yang lebih baik.

scholarly journals Iatrogenic asymptomatic subclavian arteriovenous fistula after percutaneous catheterizationcutaneous catheterization

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sam Aruputha John ◽  
Abdullah Rajab ◽  
Ahamed Faiz Ali ◽  
Rasha Kassem ◽  
Hosam Atiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Past History ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Av Fistula ◽  
The Right

A 4-year-old child with chronic enteropathy underwent left percutaneous internal jugular vein Hickman catheter insertion for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) under general anaesthesia. Previously this child had undergone percutaneous Hickman line insertion on the right internal jugular vein in 2013 and the right subclavian vein in 2015. These lines had been removed before due to catheter sepsis. During the present procedure, 6.6 french Hickman line was inserted into the left internal jugular vein by percutaneous peel away technique under ultrasound guidance. Later in the ward it was noticed that Hickman line was not functioning and there was reverse flow of blood into the intravenous (IV) line. Blood gas sample taken from the line showed arterial values and the catheter was subsequently removed. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was done which reported arteriovenous (AV) fistula with pseudoaneurysm of the right subclavian vein. The child was then referred to department of cardiothoracic surgery for further management. From the above case report we can infer that patients who underwent repeated percutaneous central line insertions may develop iatrogenic AV fistula or pseudo aneurysm. These complications can be asymptomatic for years. Failure to recognize this may lead to catastrophe during reinsertion. Hence proper history taking, clinical examination for bruit, thrill over the neck veins and cardiac examination should be done preoperatively if there is past history of multiple insertions. Investigations like venous blood gas sampling, USG doppler for neck veins, echocardiography, and CT angiography should be done in these cases preoperatively.

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