scholarly journals Isolation and Quantification of Sphingosine and Sphinganine from Rat Serum Revealed Gender Differences

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brogden ◽  
Diab M. Husein ◽  
Pablo Steinberg ◽  
Hassan Y. Naim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Sphingolipids are an important group of lipids that play crucial roles in living cells, facilitating cell recognition, signal transduction and endocytosis. The concentration of sphingosine and some of its derivatives like sphinganine may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sphingolipidoses or be used for further research into similar diseases. In this study, a sphingolipid extraction and a high resolution detection method specific for sphingosine and sphinganine was adapted and tested. Lipids were extracted from rats’ serum, coupled to o-phthalaldehyde and detected with a fluorescence detector after running through a silica gel column in a high performance liquid chromatography system. With this method, we analysed 20 male and 20 female rat serum samples and compared the concentrations of sphingosine and sphinganine. The results showed a significant difference between the sphingosine concentrations in the male and female rats. The sphingosine concentration in female rats was 805 ng/mL (standard deviation, SD ± 549), while that in males was significantly lower at (75 ng/mL (SD ± 40)). Furthermore, the sphingosine:sphinganine ratio was almost 15-fold higher in the females’ samples. The method presented here facilitates the accurate quantification of sphingosine and sphinganine concentrations down to 2.6 ng and 3.0 ng, respectively, and their ratio in small amounts of rat serum samples to study the sphingolipid metabolism and its potential modulation due to gene mutations or the effect of prevalent toxins.

scholarly journals Gastrin, Histamine Prostaglandin: Indicators for assessing efficacy of cimetidine, Omeprazole and Ranitidine in Gastric Ulcer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Jimmy Etukudo Okon ◽  
Gideon Umezuruike Egesie
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organ Specific

Background and Objectives: There is increase prevalence of gastric ulcer in the society, but the drugs that are sensitive for radical cure are not screened with physiologic markers such which affect proper management of the disease. The objective of the study is to relate various sources or organ specific templates: gastrin, histamine and prostaglandin relating with the disease in evaluating the potencies of cimetidine, ranitidine and omeprazole for best choice of the drugs in gastric ulcer disease treatment.Material and Methods: Plasma, gastric and antral prostaglandins, histamine and gastrin levels were studied in ninety-six (96), male and female Swiss albino rats for 28 days, using high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Male and female rats with gastric ulcer treated with cimetidine, omepraszole and ranitidine showed no significant difference (P>0.5) in gastrin and the drug groups in plasma, gastric and antral concentrations. But, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in histamine levels between cimetidine, omeprazole and ranitidine in their gastric and plasma concentration. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in prostaglandin values between cimetidine, omeprazole and ranitidine. Also there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in gastric and plasma levels of gastrin, histamine and prostaglandin between 7, 14, 21 and 28 days treatment period. But, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in antral concentration of gastrin, histamines and prostaglandin between the drug groups. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in antral gastrin between male and female rats in cimetidine and ranitidine treatment. The three drugs were associated with high levels of gastrin, histamine, low prostaglandin though cimetidine showed higher concentration of prostaglandin.Conclusion: It is concluded that gastrin, histamine and prostaglandin are sensitive indicators in evaluating anti-ulcerogenic drugs efficacies.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 5-12

Qualification of a 17β-estradiol (E2) Assay in Sprague Dawley Rat Serum

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S85-S86
Author(s):  
J A Martin ◽  
J Figueiredo ◽  
L Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
A Value ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Assay Precision

Abstract Introduction/Objective Significant technical issues are associated with methods used for the measurement of estradiol.The objective of this study was to qualify an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay for the quantification of 17β-estradiol (E2) in rat serum. Hemolysis has been identified as a factor that interferes with accurate measurement.The impact of hemolysis was also assessed. Methods Approximately 1.0 mL of whole blood was collected from male and female rats into separate red top tubes and processed to serum. The LoQ for E2 was evaluated by analyzing the low calibrator or at least 6 serum samples diluted to produce a value at the low end of the reportable range 8 times in the same run.The mean, standard deviation, and %CV were calculated for each sample.The data set was analyzed by plotting the data and determining the concentration at the intersection of the precision profile curve. Linearity of dilution was performed using commercially available calibration verification material and E2 stripped rat serum.The correlation coefficient, the slope, and the % Nominal were calculated. Intra assay precision was evaluated by analyzing 8 consecutive times in a single run one rat serum sample that was not diluted or spiked. This analysis was performed during the evaluation of the LoQ.The mean, SD and %CV were calculated. The interference of hemolysis with the E2 assay was tested by analyzing at least 5 rat serum samples/pools spiked with hemolyzed rat serum at different hemoglobin concentrations.The %RE was calculated. Results The LoQ assays were acceptable. For all samples tested, the % CV was less than or equal to 25%.The LoQ was verified to be 8.50 pg/mL. The %CV was 15.6%. For samples with estradiol concentrations below the LoQ, a value of 4.25 pg/ml was reported. Linearity of dilution for E2 was acceptable.The correlation coefficients were greater than or equal to 0.9000, the slopes were between 0.7500 and 1.2500, and the % nominals for each level were between 75-125%. The intra-assay precision was considered acceptable with a %CV of 8.6%. There was no hemolysis interference in the assay when samples were spiked with hemoglobin concentrations of up to 70 mg/dL, based on the %RE of less than or equal to 25% of non-hemolyzed samples. Conclusion Qualification of the ECL method, demonstrates the assay is suitable for the determination of E2 in serum samples from rats and absence of hemolysis interference up to 70 mg/dL of hemoglobin concentration.

scholarly journals Acrylamide reduces plasma antioxidant vitamin levels in rats due to increased oxidative damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşim YENER ◽  
Fatma Hümeyra YERLİKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Sialic Acid

ABSTRACT Objective Acrylamide is a potentially neurotoxic and carcinogenic chemical and naturally creates during the heating process of carbohydrate-rich foods, such as potato chips and breakfast cereals. Acrylamide might be ingested by people via consuming food that contains it. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acrylamidegiven orally to male and female rats on plasma retinoic acid and α-tocopherol and serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels. Method A total of 50 Wistar rats were used (25 female and 25 male, three-four weeks old). The rats of each sex were given 2 and 5mg/kg/day acrylamide via drinking water for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood specimens were collected through cardiac puncture, and serum and plasma samples were analysed using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique with a Ultraviolet detector. Results The analysis of the plasma and serum samples revealed that serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels in both sexes given 5mg/kg/day acrylamide were significantly increased, and the serum sialic acid levels were higher in female rats given 2mg/kg/day acrylamide. The plasma retinoic acid and α-tocopherol levels significantly decreased in both sexes given only the highest dose. Conclusion The results show that acrylamide causes an increase in oxidative stress and leads to a decrease in the levels of retinoic acid and α-tocopherol which play a role in the defense mechanism against this stress.

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

Sex Differences of Hepatic Conjugation of Bilirubin Determine its Maximal Biliary Excretion in Non-Anaesthetized Male and Female Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Muraca ◽  
Jan De Groote ◽  
Johan Fevery
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Hepatic Transport ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase ◽  
Rate Limiting

1. Hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was higher in female than in male rats; gonadectomy decreased enzyme activity in females and increased it in males. This sex difference in bilirubin conjugation was further used to evaluate the effect of differences in conjugation on the maximal biliary excretion of bilirubin in the non-anaesthetized rat. 2. After infusion of bilirubin, the maximal biliary excretory rate (Tm) and maximal concentration of bilirubin in bile were respectively 70% and 40% higher in female than in male rats; these values were decreased in females after ovariectomy and increased in males after orchiectomy. A linear relationship was found (r = 0.86; P < 0.001) between bilirubin Tm and hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in the four groups of rats, suggesting that conjugation was the rate-limiting step for the maximal hepatic transport of bilirubin. 3. At the end of bilirubin infusion, bilirubin conjugates in serum, determined by alkaline methanolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography, ranged from 0.5 to 1.4% of total bilirubin. Therefore no significant reflux of conjugated bilirubin occurred during saturation of the hepatic transport of the pigment, once more suggesting that the secretory step was not rate-limiting. 4. The composition of bilirubin conjugates in bile was similar in the four groups of rats, despite significant differences in transferase activity. This suggests that the relative proportion of bilirubin mono- and di-conjugates in bile is affected by factors other than transferase activity alone. Relatively more monoconjugates were excreted under the bilirubin load than in basal conditions.

scholarly journals Glutathione Conjugates of Ochratoxin a as Biomarkers of Exposure / Glutationski Konjugati Okratoksina A Kao Biomarkeri Izloženosti

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Tozlovanu ◽  
Delphine Canadas ◽  
Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz ◽  
Christine Frenette ◽  
Robert J. Paugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

AbstractIn the present study the photoreactivity of the fungal carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) has been utilised to generate authentic samples of reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates of the parent toxin. These conjugates, along with the nontoxic OTα, which is generated through hydrolysis of the amide bond of OTA by carboxypeptidase A, were utilised as biomarkers to study the metabolism of OTA in the liver and kidney of male and female Dark Agouti rats. Male rats are more susceptible than female rats to OTA carcinogenesis with the kidney being the target organ. Our studies show that the distribution of OTA in male and female rat kidney is not significantly different. However, the extent of OTA metabolism was greater in male than female rats. Much higher levels of OTα were detected in the liver compared to the kidney, and formation of OTα is a detoxification pathway for OTA. These findings suggest that differences in metabolism between male and female rats could provide an explanation for the higher sensitivity of male rats to OTA toxicity

scholarly journals Mass spectrometric analysis of rat liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases: modifications are limited to N-terminal processing

1995 ◽  
Vol 308 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
H I Yeh ◽  
C H Hsieh ◽  
L Y Wang ◽  
S P Tsai ◽  
H Y Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytosolic Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Rat Livers

Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from rat livers were purified using an S-hexylglutathione affinity column. The GST subunits were resolved by reverse-phase HPLC and their molecular masses were determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The major hepatic GSTs detected were subunits 1, 1′, 2, 3 and 4, with molecular mass of 25,520, 25,473, 25,188, 25,782 and 25,571 Da respectively. Subunits 6, 7 and 10 are minor components, with molecular mass of 25,551, 23,308 and 25,211 Da respectively. Alternatively, the hepatic GSTs were purified using a glutathione affinity column. Subunits 1, 1′, 2, 8 and 10 were eluted from this column with GSSG, the oxidized form of glutathione. Subunit 8 has a molecular mass of 25,553 Da. The remaining proteins on the glutathione affinity column were removed with glutathione and S-hexylglutathione. Subunits 2, 3, 4 and 6 could be detected in the eluate. We could not detect any significant difference in molecular mass between GSTs isolated from male and female rat livers. Cytosolic GSTs were isolated from livers of buthionine sulphoximine-treated female rats for MS analysis. The molecular masses obtained were identical to those determined for the controls.

scholarly journals Intrasplenic Transplantation of Isolated Adult Rat Hepatocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena R. Sharma ◽  
Wojciech Dworakowski ◽  
Bernard H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Male Specific

Adult male and female rat hepatocytes were individually transplanted into the spleens of adult male and female rats. The recipients were euthanized at either eight, sixteen, thirty, or forty-five weeks following transplantation, at which time hepatic and splenic levels of liver-specific rat albumin mRNA as well as sex-dependent transcript levels of CYP2C11, -2C12, -2C7, -2A1, and -3A2—which accounts for > 60% of the total concentration of hepatic constituent cytochrome P450—were determined. Whereas the pre-infused hepatocytes expressed their expected cytochrome P450 sexual dimorphisms (female-specific CYP2C12, male-specific CYP3A2, and female-predominant CYP2A1), their post-transplantational competence now reflected the sexual dimorphisms of the recipient (as observed in the host’s liver), which supports the concept that the sex-dependent growth hormone circulating profiles are the determinants regulating the expression levels of hepatic cytochrome P450. Also expressed at normal concentrations in the pre-infused hepatocytes, male-specific CYP2C11 and female-predominant CYP2C7 were inexplicably undetectable in the spleens of both recipient males and females, regardless of the sex of the donor hepatocytes, almost one year after transplantation.

scholarly journals Effect of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis leaves on reproductive functions in wistar female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mataphouet Emmanuel AFFY ◽  
Wahon Marie-Odile TOVI ◽  
N’guessan Ernest ZOUGROU ◽  
Koffi KOUAKOU
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Estrogenic Potential ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacological effects and the estrogenic properties of Amaranthus viridis leaves on the reproductive function of animal model (female rat). Methods : Vaginal smears performed 9 days before treatment allowed to select female rats having alternated on two cycles a regularity. Thereafter, the selected rats were administered by gavage daily for 28 days taking care of smear every morning at 7am from the first day of treatment follow the evolution of the cycle. For this study 20 nulliparous rats, 2 months old, weighing between 120-150 g. The first group (control) was administered with olive oil and the other three batches received respectively the doses 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis. At the end of the 28-day treatment, ovary and uterine horn were removed, histological and hormonal parameters were studied for determine pharmacological effects of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis. Results : The extract caused a disturbances of the cycle according to the doses administered. Disturbances at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg PC are significant. The calculation of the total duration of the different phases of the cycle revealed very significant increases in the estrous phase (P<0.01) by 22.79 % and 17.13 % at the respective doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w compared to control. Non-significant difference was recorded on FSH, LH and estradiol level. On progesterone level, administration of the methanolic extract showed a significant difference at dose of 600 mg/kg b.w compared to control. On histological structure of the ovary, the presence of active and degenerate corpus luteum, secondary follicles depending on the dose administered were recored. Conclusion : The results showed that the methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis contain estrogenic substances or estrogen-like substances according to a dose-dependent mechanism, with high estrogenic potential at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w . Keywords: vaginal smears, Amaranthus viridis, methanolic extract, histology

Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1540-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Prezant ◽  
B. Richner ◽  
T. K. Aldrich ◽  
D. E. Valentine ◽  
E. I. Gentry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Diaphragm Atrophy

The effects of long-term undernutrition (10 wk) on diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by using direct stimulation at 37 degrees C. Undernutrition allowed for continued growth in males and females but with substantial reductions in weight gain. Relative to control rats of the same sex, final weights were significantly lower in undernourished males (74 +/- 3%) than females (90 +/- 5%), but weight gain was not significantly different between undernourished males (58 +/- 5%) and females (60 +/- 3%). Only in males did undernutrition significantly reduce costal diaphragm weight (to 77 +/- 5% of control). Diaphragm forces, normalized for cross-sectional area, were not significantly different from male or female control values. Fatigue resistance indexes (fatigue/baseline force) were increased at all stimulation frequencies in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. Costal diaphragm atrophy, involving types I and II fibers, occurred in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. In conclusion, despite long-term undernutrition reducing weight gain to similar levels in males and females (relative to control), there was excellent preservation of diaphragm weight, function, and structure in females but, although diaphragm atrophy occurred, there was preserved contractility and increased fatigue resistance in males.

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