Radiotherapy in Follicular Lymphoma Staged by 18F-FDG-PET/CT: A German Monocenter Study

This retrospective study examined the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in stage-related therapy of follicular lymphomas (FL). Twelve patients each in stages I and II, 13 in stage III and 11 in stage IV were treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Germany from 2004 to 2016. Radiotherapy (RT), as well as additional chemoimmunotherapy were analyzed with a median follow-up of 87.6 months. Ultrasound (US), CT and 18F-FDG-PET/CT were used to determine progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) over 5- and 10- years. 23 of 24 patients with stage I/II (95.8%) had complete remissions (CR) and 17 of 24 patients with stages III/IV FL showed CR (70.8%). 5- and 10-year PFS in stages I/II was 90.0%/78.1% vs. 44.3%/28.5% in stages III/IV. 5- and 10-year OS rates in stages I/II was 100%/93.3% vs. 53.7%/48.4% in stages III/IV. 5- and 10-year LSS of stages I/II was 100%/93.8% vs. 69.2%/62.3% in stages III/IV. FL of stages I/II, staged by 18F-FDG-PET/CT, revealed better survival rates and lower risk of recurrence compared to studies without PET/CT-staging. Especially, patients with PET/CT proven stage I disease showed significantly better survival and lower relapses rates after RT.

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Post-transplantation Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Lymphoblastic Lymphoma is an Independent Prognostic Factor with an Impact on Progression-Free Survival but not Overall Survival

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/15330338211056478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153303382110564

Author(s):

Na Dai ◽

Hang Liu ◽

Shengming Deng ◽

Shibiao Sang ◽

Yiwei Wu

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factor ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Lymphoblastic Lymphoma ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Free Survival ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

Purpose: In the present study, we mainly aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) patients using Deauville Scores (DS). Materials and Methods: A total of 63 LBL patients who benefited from 18F-FDG PET-CT after allo-SCT in our institution between April 2010 and August 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. These above-mentioned patients were divided into two groups based on the Deauville criteria. Diagnostic efficiency of 18F-FDG PET/CT and integrated CT in detecting lymphoma were calculated. Consistencies were evaluated by comparing 18F-FDG PET/CT and integrated CT results through kappa coefficient. Kaplan-Meier method was used in survival analysis, and the log-rank method was adopted in comparisons. Prognostic factor analysis was performed by the Cox regression model. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy of post-SCT 18F-FDG PET-CT were 100%(12/12), 92.2%(47/51), 75.0%(12/16), 100%(47/47) and 93.7%(59/63). The consistency of 18F-FDG PET-CT and integrated CT was moderate(Kappa = .702，P < .001). Positive post-SCT 18F-FDG PET-CT was associated with lower progression-free survival (PFS) but not overall survival (OS) (p = .000 and p = .056, respectively). The 3-year PFS of the PET-positive group and PET-negative group was 18.8% and 70.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that post-SCT PET-CT findings was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p = .000; HR, 3.957; 95%CI, 1.839-8.514). Other factors independently affecting PFS were sex (p = .018; HR, 2.588; 95% CI, 1.181 − 5.670) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = .005; HR, 3.246; 95% CI, 1.419 − 7.426). However, none of the above-mentioned factors were associated with OS. Conclusions: Collectively, we found that 18F-FDG PET-CT after allo-SCT was a strong indicator for PFS, but not OS, which might provide important evidence for the selection of subsequent treatment regimen for LBL patients. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100046709.

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Impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Predicting Recurrence in Neurolymphomatosis

Hemato ◽

10.3390/hemato2030038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 596-606

Author(s):

Megumi Uemichi ◽

Kota Yokoyama ◽

Junichi Tsuchiya ◽

Toshiki Terao ◽

Youichi Machida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fdg Pet ◽

Medical Center ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

University Hospital ◽

Nerve Lesions ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct ◽

Tokyo Medical

To clarify the prognostic value of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in Neurolymphomatosis (NL), we retrospectively reviewed medical records of all NL patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT from 2007 to 2020 at Kameda Medical Center and Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. The clinical data of patients were compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of number of nerve lesions and presence of non-nerve extranodal lesions (ENL). Subsequently, we calculated recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan–Meier method. A total of 28 patients (mean age 70.1 years, range 44–87 years; 15 women) were included in the study and 7 patients (25.0%) relapsed NL. The number of nerve lesions detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT ranged from 1 to 5, with an average of 2.02. ENL was observed in 18 cases (64.3%). The comparison between the findings revealed that the more the lesions detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, the higher the probability of recurrence (χ2 = 13.651, p = 0.0085) and there was significantly shorter RFS for the patients with 3 or more nerve lesions (p = 0.0059), whereas the presence of ENL was not significantly associated with any clinical findings. The present study revealed that the more nerve lesions detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, the poorer the recurrence rate and RFS.

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TKTL1 as a Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Correlation with FDG-PET-CT

Oncology ◽

10.1159/000510862 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Kaisa Ahopelto ◽

Kapo Saukkonen ◽

Jaana Hagström ◽

Saila Kauhanen ◽

Hanna Seppänen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Stage Iv ◽

University Hospital ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

Introduction: Glucose metabolism in cancer cells differs from noncancerous cells. The expression of transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1), a key enzyme in the glucose metabolism of cancer cells, predicts poor prognosis in several cancer types. We studied TKTL1 as a prognostic tool and whether TKTL1 expression correlates with 18F-FDG-PET-CT among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: This retrospective study examined two PDAC patient cohorts: 168 patients operated on at Helsinki University Hospital between 2001 and 2011, and 20 patients with FDG-PET-CT results available from the Auria Biobank. We used immunohistochemistry for TKTL1 expression, combining results with clinicopathological data. Results: Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was slightly but not significantly better in patients with a high versus low TKTL1 expression, with DSS of 28.0 versus 17.3%, respectively (p = 0.123). TKTL1 served as a marker of a better prognosis in patients over 65 years old (p = 0.012) and among those with TNM class M1 (p = 0.018), stage IV disease (p = 0.027), or perivascular invasion (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our study shows that TKTL1 cannot be used as a prognostic factor in PDAC with the exception of elderly patients and those with advanced disease. The correlation of TKTL1 with 18F-FDG-PET-CT requires further study in a larger patient cohort.

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The Link between Cytogenetics/Genomics and Imaging Patterns of Relapse and Progression in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Pilot Study Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12092399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2399 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiang Zhou ◽

Alexander Dierks ◽

Olivia Kertels ◽

Samuel Samnick ◽

Malte Kircher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Standardized Uptake Values ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Genomic Markers ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

Utilizing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), we performed this pilot study to evaluate the link between cytogenetic/genomic markers and imaging patterns in relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM). We retrospectively analyzed data of 24 patients with RRMM who were treated at our institution between November 2018 and February 2020. At the last relapse/progression, patients had been treated with a median of three (range 1–10) lines of therapy. Six (25%) patients showed FDG avid extramedullary disease without adjacency to bone. We observed significantly higher maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in patients harboring del(17p) compared with those without del(17p) (p = 0.025). Moreover, a high SUVmax of >15 indicated significantly shortened progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0002). One female patient exhibited biallelic TP53 alteration, i.e., deletion and mutation, in whom an extremely high SUVmax of 37.88 was observed. In summary, this pilot study suggested a link between del(17p)/TP53 alteration and high SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT in RRMM patients. Further investigations are highly warranted at this point.

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18F-FDG PET/CT versus Diagnostic Contrast-Enhanced CT for Follow-Up of Stage IV Melanoma Patients Treated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Frequency and Management of Discordances over a 3-Year Period in a University Hospital

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11071198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Jean-Baptiste Le Goubey ◽

Charline Lasnon ◽

Ines Nakouri ◽

Laure Césaire ◽

Michel de Pontville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fdg Pet ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Anatomical Site ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Enhanced Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct ◽

Induced Changes

Aim: To perform a comprehensive analysis of discordances between contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of the extra-cerebral treatment monitoring in patients with stage IV melanoma. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric observational study over a 3-year period in patients referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT and ceCT in the framework of therapy monitoring of immune checkpoint (ICIs) as of January 2017. Imaging reports were analyzed by two physicians in consensus. The anatomical site responsible for discordances, as well as induced changes in treatment were noted. Results: Eighty patients were included and 195 pairs of scans analyzed. Overall, discordances occurred in 65 cases (33%). Eighty percent of the discordances (52/65) were due to 18F-FDG PET/CT scans upstaging the patient. Amongst these discordances, 17/52 (33%) led to change in patient’s management, the most frequent being radiotherapy of a progressing site. ceCT represented 13/65 (20%) of discordances and induced changes in patients’ management in 2/13 cases (15%). The most frequent anatomical site involved was subcutaneous for 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and lung or liver for ceCT. Conclusions: Treatment monitoring with 18F-FDG PET/CT is more efficient than ceCT and has a greater impact in patient’s management.

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Pulmonary Findings of [18F]FDG PET/CT Images on Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 839

Author(s):

Tzu-Chuan Ho ◽

Chin-Chuan Chang ◽

Hung-Pin Chan ◽

Ying-Fong Huang ◽

Yi-Ming Arthur Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Standardized Uptake Value ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Maximal Standardized Uptake Value ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several case studies demonstrated that many asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 underwent fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination for various indications. However, there is a lack of literature to characterize the pattern of [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging on asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Therefore, a systematic review to analyze the pulmonary findings of [18F]FDG PET/CT on asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was conducted. This systematic review was performed under the guidelines of PRISMA. PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science were used to search for articles for this review. Articles with the key words: “asymptomatic”, “COVID-19”, “[18F]FDG PET/CT”, and “nuclear medicine” were searched for from 1 January 2020 to 20 May 2021. Thirty asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 were included in the eighteen articles. These patients had a mean age of 62.25 ± 14.85 years (male: 67.71 ± 12.00; female: 56.79 ± 15.81). [18F]FDG-avid lung lesions were found in 93.33% (28/30) of total patients. The major lesion was [18F]FDG-avid multiple ground-glass opacities (GGOs) in the peripheral or subpleural region in bilateral lungs, followed by the consolidation. The intensity of [18F]FDG uptake in multiple GGOs was 5.605 ± 2.914 (range from 2 to 12) for maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). [18F]FDG-avid thoracic lymph nodes (LN) were observed in 40% (12/40) of the patients. They mostly appeared in both mediastinal and hilar regions with an SUVmax of 5.8 ± 2.93 (range from 2.5 to 9.6). The [18F]FDG uptake was observed in multiple GGOs, as well as in the mediastinal and hilar LNs. These are common patterns in PET/CT of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19.

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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY WITH 18F -FDG IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTHETIC HEART VALVE ENDOCARDITIS

Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks ◽

10.51922/2616-633x.2021.5.2.1151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1151-1160

Author(s):

A.S. Lukashevich ◽

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Whole Body ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the diagnostic significance of positron emission tomography / computed tomography with 18F -fluorodeoxyglucose (18F -FDG PET/CT) for the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis. Methods of research. The study included 82 patients with suspected prosthetic endocarditis in accordance with the criteria proposed by Duke University [1-5]. The patients received hospital treatment at the State Institution RSPC "Cardiology" from January 2016 to March 2021. The study was of a prospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort design. The duration of the monitor period was 12 months from the moment of patients’ inclusion in the study. Whole-body positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations were performed in 82 patients. 27 patients were selected for surgical treatment. Conservative treatment group included 16 patients. 27 patients were selected into the observation group, they were suspected to have prosthetic heart valve infection in the primary referral and underwent PET/CT scanning, according to which the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis was excluded. The event under the study did not develop in this group during the year of observation. Results and conclusion. The history of infective endocarditis was not statistically significant and did not increase the risk of developing prosthetic endocarditis in the sample presented. The Duke criteria are less reliable in establishing the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis. The median number of days from the date of the first prosthesis implantation to the onset of prosthetic endocarditis was about 4 years. This study revealed that the development of the infectious process in the area of the prosthesis was noted in a more distant postoperative period compared to literature data. Histological confirmation of infection was noted in 100% (27 patients) of cases in reoperated patients. The presence of a more formidable complication such as valve ring abscess located mainly in the projection of the aortic valve ring was quite common in both groups. Presepsin and Interleukin-6 have a statistically significant (U = 394,50 p = 0,01 and U = 94,50 p = 0.004) value in the prognosis of prosthetic endocarditis. Considering the data obtained from ROC analysis, it can be said that the cut-off point at which it is possible to diagnose prosthetic endocarditis based on PETCT is 2.85. The presented methods for the interpretation of whole-body FDG-PET/CT images of patients with suspected infectious complications after cardiac surgery, as well as with the presence of prosthetic endocarditis, show high sensitivity and specificity.

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The Value of 18 Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in Breast Cancer Staging

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.5525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (A) ◽

pp. 970-975

Author(s):

Ahmed Tawakol ◽

Maha Khalil ◽

Yasser G. Abdelhafez ◽

Mai Hussein ◽

Mohamed Fouad Osman

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Breast Cancer Staging ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

BACKGROUND: Accurate staging is important for management decisions in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the value of 18 fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in breast cancer staging.. METHODS: A prospective study of 80 patients (1 male and 79 female) mean age 51.13 years with histologically confirmed breast cancer. The staging procedures included history, physical examination, mammography, and CT of neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis; then, PET/CT was performed in a time interval <30 days. The findings of PET/CT were compared with those of the other conventional methods. RESULTS: The agreement between conventional methods (mammography, breast ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis) and 18F FDG-PET/CT was 0.6 for assessing the T stage, 0.39 for N stage, and 0.75 for M stage. There was moderate agreement between CT and 18F FDG-PET/CT in the detection of nodal lesions (K=0.6) and pulmonary lesions (K=0.51), while a perfect agreement was noted for detecting osseous (K=0.82) and liver lesions (K=0.81). In total, 50 patients (62.5%) were concordantly staged between the conventional imaging and 18F-FDG PET/CT, while 30 patients (37.5%) showed a different tumor, node, and metastasis stage. The changes were driven by the detection of additional findings (n=26) or exclusion of findings (n=4), mainly at the lymph nodes (LNs) and/or distant sites. Regarding N status, 18F FDG-PET/CT revealed previously unknown regional lymphatic spread in supraclavicular (n=4; 5%), infraclavicular (n=11; 13.7%), and internal mammary (n=12; 15%) lymph node groups. 18F-FDG PET/CT changed M status in a total of four patients (5%); three of them were upstaged by detecting distant metastases, while osseous deposits were excluded in one patient leading to downstaging. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET/CT is considered a valuable imaging tool in the initial staging of breast cancer, which significantly impacts the overall American Joint Committee on Cancer staging in 37.5% of our study population.

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Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT vs. Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT Scan in Management of Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin, Inflammation of Unknown Origin or Episodic Fever of Unknown Origin: A Comparative Multicentre Prospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm11020386 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Kim-Heang Ly ◽

Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau ◽

Eric Liozon ◽

Stéphanie Dumonteil ◽

Jean-Pierre Ducroix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

University Hospital ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct ◽

Multicentre Prospective Study

Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT) has never been compared to Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT (CAPCT) in patients with a fever of unknown origin (FUO), inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) and episodic fever of unknown origin (EFUO) through a prospective and multicentre study. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of PET/CT compared to CAPCT in these patients. The trial was performed between 1 May 2008 through 28 February 2013 with 7 French University Hospital centres. Patients who fulfilled the FUO, IUO or EFUO criteria were included. Diagnostic orientation (DO), diagnostic contribution (DC) and time for diagnosis of both imaging resources were evaluated. One hundred and three patients were included with 35 FUO, 35 IUO and 33 EFUO patients. PET/CT showed both a higher DO (28.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001) and DC (19.4% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001) than CAPCT and reduced the time for diagnosis in patients (3.8 vs. 17.6 months, p = 0.02). Arthralgia (OR 4.90, p = 0.0012), DO of PET/CT (OR 4.09, p = 0.016), CRP > 30 mg/L (OR 3.70, p = 0.033), and chills (OR 3.06, p = 0.0248) were associated with the achievement of a diagnosis (Se: 89.1%, Sp: 56.8%). PET/CT both orients and contributes to diagnoses at a higher rate than CAPCT, especially in patients with FUO and IUO, and reduces the time for diagnosis.

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Abstract 35: DVT Inflammation Assessed by 18F-FDG-PET/CT Predicts Subsequent Vein Wall Scarring

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.35 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chase W Kessinger ◽

Ahmed Tawakol ◽

Gregory R Wojtkiewicz ◽

Peter K Henke ◽

Ralph Weissleder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fdg Pet ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Standard Uptake Value ◽

Vein Wall ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

The Right ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

Objective: While venous thrombosis (VT)-induced inflammation facilitates thrombus resolution, inflammation causes vein wall scarring (VWS). Recently, statins have shown to improve VT resolution and reduce VT inflammatory components. In this study, we hypothesized that early VT inflammation detected by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) could predict subsequent late stage VWS, and would be attenuated by statin therapy. Methods: Stasis VT was induced in 8-12 week old male C57BL/6 mice (n=31) in either the right jugular vein (n=13) or inferior vena cava (IVC,n=18). Animals in the IVC VT cohort were randomized to statin (n=8) or control (n=10) treatment. Statin, rosuvastatin (5mg/kg), was administered by oral gavage, daily starting 24 hours prior to VT induction; control mice received saline. All mice underwent survival FDG-PET/CT venography imaging on day 2. FDG inflammation signals (standard uptake value=SUV) were measured in the thrombosed vein and compared to the sham-operated venous segments or treatment control. On day 14, mice were sacrificed and VT tissue was resected. Picrosirius red staining allowed measurement of collagen and vein wall thickness in VT sections. Results: FDG-PET/CT at day 2 revealed increased inflammation signal activity in jugular VT (SUV 1.43 ± 0.3 VT vs. 0.81 ± 0.3 contralateral vein, p<0.0001). Statin-treated mice showed a trend of decreased inflammation signal at day 2 in the IVC VT models (SUV 1.02 ± 0.1 statin VT vs. 1.42 ± 0.2 control VT, p=0.07). Day 14 histological analysis revealed significantly reduced vein wall injury in statin-treated animals (thickness, 32±9.4 μm statin; vs. 56.2±14.7 μm control, p=0.02). Day 2 FDG-PET inflammation in VT correlated positively with the magnitude of day 14 VWS (jugular VT, Spearman r=0.62, p=0.02; IVC VT r=0.74, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Quantitative FDG-PET/CT imaging demonstrates that early in vivo VT inflammation predicts subsequent VWS, a driver of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). The overall findings strengthen: (i) the link between inflammation and PTS; (ii) the translational potential of FDG-PET inflammation to predict VWS and PTS; and (iii) the concept that statins and other anti-inflammatory therapies could reduce VWS and PTS.

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