scholarly journals Zoledronate Bound to Ceramics Increases Ectopic Bone Volume Induced by rhBMP6 Delivered in Autologous Blood Coagulum in Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Nikola Stokovic ◽  
Natalia Ivanjko ◽  
Igor Erjavec ◽  
Anita Breski ◽  
Mihaela Peric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Autologous Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
Engineering Strategy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Local Use

Autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) containing rhBMP6 in autologous blood coagulum (ABC) with synthetic ceramics is a novel therapeutic solution for bone repair. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of Zoledronate (ZOL) with ABGS might enhance the properties of newly formed bone. The effect of ZOL on bone induction was tested in a rat subcutaneous implant model. ZOL bound to synthetic ceramics was added into ABGS implants, and the quantity, quality, and longevity of the induced bone were assessed by micro-CT, histomorphometry, and histology over a period of 365 days. Local use of ZOL in the ABGS implants with ceramics had no influence on the bone volume (BV) on day 14 but subsequently significantly increased BV on days 35, 50, 105, 140, and 365 compared to the control implants. Locally applied ZOL had a similar effect in all of the applied doses (2–20 µg), while its systemic use on stimulating the BV of newly induced bone by ABGS depended on the time of application. BV was increased when ZOL was applied systemically on day 14 but had no effect when applied on day 35. The administration of ZOL bound to ceramics in ABGS increased and maintained the BV over a period of one year, offering a novel bone tissue engineering strategy for treating bone defects and spinal fusions.

scholarly journals Xenogeneic bone mineral is efficient for the repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
A. V. Veremeev ◽  
R. N. Bolgarin ◽  
V. G. Nesterenko ◽  
A. A. Andreev-Andrievskiy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Autologous Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Autologous Bone

Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of bone repair on a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model using our original xenogeneic bone mineral, widely established Geistlich Bio-Oss®, and autologous bone graft.Materials and Methods. We created a critical-sized calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) and then divided them into 4 groups (unfilled defect, autologous bone graft, Geistlich BioOss® and our original xenogeneic bone mineral, 12 rats per group). Rats were sacrificed upon 4 and 12 months (6 rats per time point) with the following excision of the implant and adjacent tissues. 3D structure, extent of mineralisation, and bone volume were measured by means of microcomputed tomography. Microanatomy of the explants and adjacent tissue was investigated by haematoxylin and eosin staining.Results. The highest and the lowest bone volume was expectedly detected when the defect was filled with the autologous bone graft or remained unfilled, respectively. Replacement of the defect by the original bone mineral entailed better regeneration as compared to Geistlich Bio-Oss. Bone mineral density, bone thickness and the extent of mineralisation did not differ significantly between the experimental groups and were close to the positive control values, indicating efficient bone repair.Conclusions. Original xenogeneic bone mineral promotes induction of bone regeneration as compared to Geistlich Bio-Oss®, a commercially available bone mineral widely used in the clinical practice.

These studies indicate that homologous blood transfusion affects the outcome of clinical diseases in both beneficial and adverse ways. Experimental situations are not suitable for randomized clinical trials - transfusions cannot be given to prevent the onset of diabetes or wound strength measured in man following receipt of homologous or autologous blood. These experimental observations indicate that the outcomes of numerous clinical diseases which have not been studied may be manipulated by the use of homologous blood or that transfusion should be avoided. Several studies indicate that changes in immune function following transfusion are permanent. The number of clinical phenomena associated with immune suppression and attributable to blood transfusion is unknown. SUMMARY Given the evidence presented here it would be foolish to suggest that transfusion of homologous blood has no immunologic consequences for the recipient. Blood transfusion is the oldest form of transplant - no one would argue that transplantation between unrelated individuals has no influience on the immune system. In organ transplantation the immunologic sequelae are permanent and there is evidence that the same is true following homologous blood transfusion. Lymphocytopenia is present one year following surgery for Crohn's disease if patients receive perioperative blood transfusion (43). Colorectal cancer patients transfused more than seven years prior to diagnosis have significantly reduced numbers of lymphocytes and lower natural killer cytotoxicity than colorectal cancer patients who have never been transfused (44). Transfusion of neonates causes suppression of lymphocyte reactivity which is still demonstrable 25 to 30 years later (45). There is evidence that transfusion at any time prior to elective surgery increases susceptibility to infectious complications (14) and otherwise healthy transfused individuals may be at increased risk of developing malignancies (46). All the longterm consequences of blood transfusion are not negative: Survival of transplants is prolonged by pretransplant transfusion and some women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion can deliver at term if previously transfused with their spouse's leukocytes. In the future we will be able to transfuse blood without causing immune perterbations and the consequent clinical phenomena. Studies presented here suggest that removal of donor leukocytes reduces the risk of infection and cancer recurrence. The technology has not reached the point of reducing the leukocyte number in transfused blood below 10^/unit. An alternative which is increasingly being utilized is autologous blood programs. Physicians are discovering that patients tolerate hemoglobin levels which were previously unacceptably low and many patients prefer being anemic over the risks of receiving homologous blood. Since transfusion is an identifier of high cost hospitalized patients, alternatives to routine blood use are being studied in hopes of safely reducing the costs of transfusion. REFERENCES 1. Jubert AV, Lee ET, Hersh EM, McBride CM. J Surg Res 15:399-403, 1973. 2. M 19 u4n ( s3t ) e3r4A6-M 35 , 2 W , i1n9c8h1u . rch RA, Keane RM, Shatney CH, Ernst CB, Nuidema GD. Ann Surg

1995 ◽  
pp. 300-300
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Homologous Blood ◽  
Homologous Blood Transfusion ◽  
One Year ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Combined Surgical/Orthodontic Treatment and Autotransplantation of a Premolar in a Patient with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn De Muynck ◽  
Anna Verdonck ◽  
Joseph Schoenaers ◽  
Carine Carels
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Autologous Bone Graft ◽  
Alveolar Process ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Status ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lower Premolar

Objective The treatment of a patient with a complete unilateral left cleft lip and palate, agenesis of the left upper second premolar, and a severely malformed left upper lateral incisor is reported. Treatment included placement of an autologous bone graft from the left iliac crest into the alveolar cleft at 8 years of age and transplantation of a lower premolar into the reconstructed alveolar process at 10 years of age. During the succeeding orthodontic treatment, the dental arches were aligned and corrected toward a Class I molar occlusion. One year after the end of treatment, the status of the transplanted premolar was good.

Time of Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer to Maize at Samaru, Nigeria

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYMaize was grown for three years at three levels of nitrogen, 56, 112 and 224 kg. N ha.−1, involving altogether nine different timing and splitting treatments. Measurements were made of grain yield, plant nitrogen status and total-N-uptake, and, in one year, movement of nitrate-N in control plot soils. Where only 56 kg. N ha.−1was applied, its time of application made very little difference to yield; at higher rates of nitrogen an unsplit application as late as seven weeks was very inefficient, but only at the highest rate did a split application give any appreciable yield increase over an unsplit application to the seed bed. Consideration of the soil nitrate-N data and the long-term pattern of rainfall distribution leads to the conclusion that leaching is unlikely to be a serious problem in the nitrogen nutrition of early-planted maize.

scholarly journals Anabolic and antiresorptive actions of locally delivered bisphosphonates for bone repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 548-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Qayoom ◽  
D. B. Raina ◽  
A. Širka ◽  
Š. Tarasevičius ◽  
M. Tägil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Local Use

During the last decades, several research groups have used bisphosphonates for local application to counteract secondary bone resorption after bone grafting, to improve implant fixation or to control bone resorption caused by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). We focused on zoledronate (a bisphosphonate) due to its greater antiresorptive potential over other bisphosphonates. Recently, it has become obvious that the carrier is of importance to modulate the concentration and elution profile of the zoledronic acid locally. Incorporating one fifth of the recommended systemic dose of zoledronate with different apatite matrices and types of bone defects has been shown to enhance bone regeneration significantly in vivo. We expect the local delivery of zoledronate to overcome the limitations and side effects associated with systemic usage; however, we need to know more about the bioavailability and the biological effects. The local use of BMP-2 and zoledronate as a combination has a proven additional effect on bone regeneration. This review focuses primarily on the local use of zoledronate alone, or in combination with bone anabolic factors, in various preclinical models mimicking different orthopaedic conditions. Cite this article: I. Qayoom, D. B. Raina, A. Širka, Š. Tarasevičius, M. Tägil, A. Kumar, L. Lidgren. Anabolic and antiresorptive actions of locally delivered bisphosphonates for bone repair: A review. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:548–560. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.710.BJR-2018-0015.R2.

Fabrication and biological evaluation of porous β-TCP bioceramics produced using digital light processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110411
Author(s):  
SongFeng Xu ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
XinXin Zhang ◽  
HuanMei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast

Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) refers to one ideal bone repair substance with good biocompatibility and osteogenicity. A digital light processing (DLP)-system used in this study creates bioceramic green part by stacking up layers of photocurable tricalcium phosphate-filled slurry with various β-TCP weight fractions. Results show that the sintering shrinkage is anisotropic and the shrinkage vertically reaches over that horizontally. The obtained porous β-TCP parts have both macroporous outer structure and microporous inner structure, the macropore size is 400–600 μm and the micropore size is 500–1500 nm. The mechanical tests show that the porous β-TCP bioceramic’s compressive strength reaches 16.53 MPa. The cell culture confirmed that the porous β-TCP bioceramic is capable of achieving the effective attaching, growing, and proliferating pertained to mouse osteoblast cells. This study identified considerable blood vessels and significant ectopic bone forming obviously based on the histologically-related assessment when implanting to rabbit femoral condyle deficiency for 3 months. Thus, under high bioactive property and osteoinductivity, and large precision and mechanical strength that can be adjusted, the DLP printed porous β-TCP ceramics is capable of being promising for special uses of bones repairing.

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