scholarly journals Multi-Functionalized Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinoblastoma

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Rabia Arshad ◽  
Mahmood Barani ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
Saman Sargazi ◽  
Magali Cucchiarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Retinoblastoma Gene ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Intraocular Drug Delivery

Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer, and its treatment, as well as diagnosis, is challenging, owing to mutations in the tumor-suppressor genes and lack of targeted, efficient, cost-effective therapy, exhibiting a significant need for novel approaches to address these concerns. For this purpose, nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine with versatile potential capabilities for both the diagnosis, as well as the treatment, of retinoblastoma via the targeted and controlled delivery of anticancer drugs via binding to the overexpressed retinoblastoma gene. Nanotechnology has also generated massive advancements in the treatment of retinoblastoma based on the use of surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanocarriers; overexpressed receptor-based nanocarriers ligands (folate, galactose, and hyaluronic acid); lipid-based nanocarriers; and metallic nanocarriers. These nanocarriers seem to benchmark in mitigating a plethora of malignant retinoblastoma via targeted delivery at a specified site, resulting in programmed apoptosis in cancer cells. The effectiveness of these nanoplatforms in diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers such as retinoblastoma has not been properly discussed, despite the increasing significance of nanomedicine in cancer management. This article reviewed the recent milestones and future development areas in the field of intraocular drug delivery and diagnostic platforms focused on nanotechnology.

scholarly journals Functionalized Chitosan Nanomaterials: A Jammer for Quorum Sensing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Dipro Mukherjee ◽  
Ritwik Banerjee ◽  
Sayantani Garai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Positively Charged

The biggest challenge in the present-day healthcare scenario is the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance due to the rampant use of antibiotics in daily therapeutics. Such drug resistance is associated with the enhancement of microbial virulence and the acquisition of the ability to evade the host’s immune response under the shelter of a biofilm. Quorum sensing (QS) is the mechanism by which the microbial colonies in a biofilm modulate and intercept communication without direct interaction. Hence, the eradication of biofilms through hindering this communication will lead to the successful management of drug resistance and may be a novel target for antimicrobial chemotherapy. Chitosan shows microbicidal activities by acting electrostatically with its positively charged amino groups, which interact with anionic moieties on microbial species, causing enhanced membrane permeability and eventual cell death. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) prepared with chitosan possess a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties that can adhere to microbial mucus membranes and release their drug load in a constant release manner. As the success in therapeutics depends on the targeted delivery of drugs, chitosan nanomaterial, which displays low toxicity, can be safely used for eradicating a biofilm through attenuating the quorum sensing (QS). Since the anti-biofilm potential of chitosan and its nano-derivatives are reported for various microorganisms, these can be used as attractive tools for combating chronic infections and for the preparation of functionalized nanomaterials for different medical devices, such as orthodontic appliances. This mini-review focuses on the mechanism of the downregulation of quorum sensing using functionalized chitosan nanomaterials and the future prospects of its applications.

New and novel approaches for enhancing the oral absorption and bioavailability of protein and peptides therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-732
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kanugo ◽  
Ambikanandan Misra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Active Research

The advancement of the oral route for macromolecules has gained a lot of attention due to its noninvasive nature, safe and challenging in active research but with limited success. Oral administration poses challenges due to poor solubility, short half-life, quick elimination and the physical, chemical and biological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract. Approaches of past for improving oral absorption, such as enhancers, mucoadhesive delivery and enzyme inhibitors have been taken over by novel approaches like advanced liposomes, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, nanoparticles and targeted delivery. Eudratech™ Pep, Peptelligence, Rani Pill and Pharm Film are the emerging technologies for delivering oral proteins and peptide. Calcitonin, semaglutide and octreotide are the peptides available in the market for oral delivery as outcomes of these technologies.

scholarly journals Novel approaches in cancer management with circulating tumor cell clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Rostami ◽  
Navid Kashaninejad ◽  
Khashayar Moshksayan ◽  
Mohammad Said Saidi ◽  
Bahar Firoozabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Novel Approaches

Magnetic high throughput screening system for the development of nano-sized molecularly imprinted polymers for controlled delivery of curcumin

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 3113-3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Piletska ◽  
Bashar H. Abd ◽  
Agata S. Krakowiak ◽  
Anitha Parmar ◽  
Demi L. Pink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Effective Development

A novel format of the microtitre plate equipped with magnetic inserts allows rapid and cost-effective development of the controlled release materials.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-based therapeutics in cardiovascular disease: screening and delivery to the target

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mellis ◽  
Andrea Caporali
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Biology ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Mirna Therapeutics ◽  
Mirna Targeting

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides, which have increasingly been recognized as potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. MiRNA targeting is defined by the complementarities between positions 2–8 of miRNA 5′-end with generally the 3′-untranslated region of target mRNAs (messenger RNAs). The capacity of miRNAs to simultaneously inhibit many different mRNAs allows for an amplification of biological responses. Hence, miRNAs are extremely attractive targets for therapeutic regulation in several diseases, including cardiovascular. Novel approaches are emerging to identify the miRNA functions in cardiovascular biology processes and to improve miRNA delivery in the heart and vasculature. In the present study, we provide an overview of current studies of miRNA functions in cardiovascular cells by the use of high-content screening. We also discuss the challenge to achieve a safe and targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics in cardiovascular cells.

scholarly journals Emerging technologies and their impact on regulatory science

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110522
Author(s):  
Elke Anklam ◽  
Martin Iain Bahl ◽  
Robert Ball ◽  
Richard D Beger ◽  
Jonathan Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Regulatory Decisions

There is an evolution and increasing need for the utilization of emerging cellular, molecular and in silico technologies and novel approaches for safety assessment of food, drugs, and personal care products. Convergence of these emerging technologies is also enabling rapid advances and approaches that may impact regulatory decisions and approvals. Although the development of emerging technologies may allow rapid advances in regulatory decision making, there is concern that these new technologies have not been thoroughly evaluated to determine if they are ready for regulatory application, singularly or in combinations. The magnitude of these combined technical advances may outpace the ability to assess fit for purpose and to allow routine application of these new methods for regulatory purposes. There is a need to develop strategies to evaluate the new technologies to determine which ones are ready for regulatory use. The opportunity to apply these potentially faster, more accurate, and cost-effective approaches remains an important goal to facilitate their incorporation into regulatory use. However, without a clear strategy to evaluate emerging technologies rapidly and appropriately, the value of these efforts may go unrecognized or may take longer. It is important for the regulatory science field to keep up with the research in these technically advanced areas and to understand the science behind these new approaches. The regulatory field must understand the critical quality attributes of these novel approaches and learn from each other's experience so that workforces can be trained to prepare for emerging global regulatory challenges. Moreover, it is essential that the regulatory community must work with the technology developers to harness collective capabilities towards developing a strategy for evaluation of these new and novel assessment tools.

Challenges in cancer management and opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Raj Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Individualized Care

Cancer Care is a heavily invested and researched area in present context of development of medical science. As the burden of disease is increasing and treatment options are limited, especially in economically deprived regions, this is demanding more viable, modern and cost effective methods for diagnosis and treatment. This is driving to the need of more locally conducted research, more technical collaboration with advanced institutes and of course publishing of high quality data. We are gradually adapting new technology like Liquid based biopsy in diagnostics, targeted/ Immunotherapy in treatment and artificial intelligence in some therapies. These have proven effective and useful but at the huge cost of financial burden. New therapeutic modalities like BMT are emerging and gained importance in recent years. Cancer etiogenesis has heterogeneous components and this disease has very unpredictable biological behavior. Understanding of molecular biology, genetics, gene sequencing has given us tremendous amount of information for prognostics and prediction of treatment methods. Proper explanation and interpretation of so much so of information is very crucial. Clinicians and scientists should be learning and there should be provision for molecular tumor board as well. Slowly but gradually, the new generation care givers of the field of oncology should keep them at the edge of technology and should be able to understand the recent developments to give individualized care to patient and optimal use of available technology to tackle the disease. Writing and publishing in more standard formats is another important issue to be learned so as to communicate with the peers world wide. So we encourage the young oncologists to learn in this regard as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document