scholarly journals Development of a Latin American Native Food Composition Database

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Natalia Bassett ◽  
Constanza Rossi ◽  
Argentina Amaya ◽  
Francisco Ríos ◽  
Norma Sammán
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Native Foods ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

Food composition data have a fundamental function in studies on nutrition, health, and agriculture, among others. Many factors affect the nutrient content of food, and for this reason, it is essential to have updated and reliable data on the composition of the main foods consumed. The objective of this work was to develop a food composition database (FCDB) that compiles the composition of native foods of Latin America, mainly grains/seeds, tubers, and derivatives. An interdisciplinary work group of compilers was formed. A search of various sources was carried out (scientific publications, laboratory and technical reports, and theses), and a total of 78 publications were collected. For compilation, a form composed of eight worksheets was prepared. The initial sheet contains general data and food identification; the remaining ones contain information on the proximal composition, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Each section has an evaluation of data quality, which determines whether it will be included in the FCDB or not. After an exhaustive analysis based on compliance with the minimum requirements previously established, 58 publications and laboratory reports were selected. The main reason for rejection was the lack of moisture information (60%), followed by low data quality (30%). Information is available on the composition of at least 26 grains and derived products (i.e., quinoa, amaranth, and kañiwa) and five tubers and roots (Andean potatoes and ocas), which are currently being uploaded to the website (http://insibio.org.ar, accessed on 16 December 2021) for user availability. This database will provide information on the composition of regional foods generated and compiled using international standards.

Towards a European Food Composition Data Interchange Platform

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Bell ◽  
Heikki Pakkala ◽  
Michael P. Finglas
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Data Interchange ◽  
Food Composition Data ◽  
Definition Of

Food composition data (FCD) comprises the description and identification of foods, as well as their nutrient content, other constituents, and food properties. FCD are required for a range of purposes including food labeling, supporting health claims, nutritional and clinical management, consumer information, and research. There have been differences within and beyond Europe in the way FCD are expressed with respect to food description, definition of nutrients and other food properties, and the methods used to generate data. One of the major goals of the EuroFIR NoE project (2005 - 10) was to provide tools to overcome existing differences among member states and parties with respect to documentation and interchange of FCD. The establishment of the CEN’s (European Committee for Standardisation) TC 387 project committee on Food Composition Data, led by the Swedish Standards Institute, and the preparation of the draft Food Data Standard, has addressed these deficiencies by enabling unambiguous identification and description of FCD and their quality, for dissemination and data interchange. Another major achievement of the EuroFIR NoE project was the development and dissemination of a single, authoritative source of FCD in Europe enabling the interchange and update of data between countries, and also giving access to users of FCD.

EXTERNAL INDEPENDENT EVALUATION IN ENGLISH AS A CRITERION FOR ADMISSION TO MASTER`S DEGREE PROGRAMS IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Л. Е. Бєловецька
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Independent Evaluation

The problem of external independent evaluation in English for admission Master`s degree programs in Ukraine is considered in the article. The perspective for further improvement of English teaching and learning standards at Ukrainian universities has been found. The correspondence to the CEFR basic levels and English proficiency has been identified. Conceptual Principles of State Policy on the Development of English in the Field of Higher Education are considered. The study included 1546 participants. The age of students, who studied to gain the first higher education, was between 17 and 20. The students were not familiar with the structure of External Independent Evaluation and they have never passed it. The research was carried out during the period 2018–2019. The relevance of English language competence in the professional context is noted emphasized as a key point of the presented research. The necessity to provide a sufficient competitive level for Ukrainian graduates through improving correspondent English language training has been considered. The study is based on a study of reports by British experts and contemporary scientific publications presented international researchers have focused on the problems of internationalization and perspectives for Ukrainian universities in the English language dimension. The relevance of studying and adaptation of the UK higher education successful practice has been highlighted. The problems and potential ways of improving students` English language proficiency in the given context are identified. In particular, the study contains important recommendations regarding the number of contact hours and the required levels of English proficiency for the main groups of participants in the educational process in higher education according to international standards.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Probabilistic Framework for Annotation Aggregation of Citizen Science Data

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Jesus Cerquides ◽  
Mehmet Oğuz Mülâyim ◽  
Jerónimo Hernández-González ◽  
Amudha Ravi Shankar ◽  
Jose Luis Fernandez-Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Label Aggregation ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
Model Formalism

Over the last decade, hundreds of thousands of volunteers have contributed to science by collecting or analyzing data. This public participation in science, also known as citizen science, has contributed to significant discoveries and led to publications in major scientific journals. However, little attention has been paid to data quality issues. In this work we argue that being able to determine the accuracy of data obtained by crowdsourcing is a fundamental question and we point out that, for many real-life scenarios, mathematical tools and processes for the evaluation of data quality are missing. We propose a probabilistic methodology for the evaluation of the accuracy of labeling data obtained by crowdsourcing in citizen science. The methodology builds on an abstract probabilistic graphical model formalism, which is shown to generalize some already existing label aggregation models. We show how to make practical use of the methodology through a comparison of data obtained from different citizen science communities analyzing the earthquake that took place in Albania in 2019.

scholarly journals Standardization of the Food Composition Database Used in the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS)

Nutrients ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 7914-7924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
Mauro Fisberg ◽  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
Attilio Rigotti ◽  
Lilia Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Nutrition And Health

A model for the evaluation of data quality in health unit websites

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Leite ◽  
Joaquim Gonçalves ◽  
Paulo Teixeira ◽  
Álvaro Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

Evaluation of data quality at the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Ryzhov ◽  
Freddie Bray ◽  
Jacques Ferlay ◽  
Zoya Fedorenko ◽  
Liudmyla Goulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
National Cancer Registry ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

scholarly journals Proposal for the Evaluation of Open Data Portals

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. e10194
Author(s):  
Camila Andrea Herrera-Melo ◽  
Juan Sebastián González Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

The provision of portals that serve as a source of access and availability of public domain data is part of the adoption of public policies that some government entities have implemented in response to the establishment of an open, transparent, multidirectional, collaborative and focused on citizen participation government, both in monitoring and in making public decisions. However, the publication of this data must meet certain characteristics to be considered open and of quality. For this reason, studies arise that focus on the approach of methodologies and indicators that measure the quality of the portals and their data. For the aim of this paper, the search of referential sources of the last six years regarding the evaluation of data quality and open data portals in Spain, Brazil, Costa Rica, Taiwan and the European Union was carried out with the objective of gathering the necessary inputs for the approach of the methodology presented in the document.

The nature of rapid response to COVID-19 in Latin America: an examination of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Pamplona da Costa ◽  
André Luiz Sica de Campos ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cintra ◽  
Liz Felix Greco ◽  
Johan Hendrik Poker
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
Career Status

PurposeThe coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic mobilized the international scientific community in the search for its cure and containment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the rapid response to the COVID-19 of the scientific community in selected Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico) in the period running from January to August 2020. Rapid response is reconceptualized from its original meaning in health policy, as the swift mobilization of existing scientific resources to address an emergency (DeVita et al., 2017).Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the rapid response of the Argentinian, Brazilian, Chilean, Colombian and Mexican scientific communities from the perspective of bibliometric and altmetric data. The authors will examine scientific publications indexed to the Web of Science (WoS) dealing with COVID-19. Besides patterns of scientific output and impact as measured by citations, the authors complement the analysis with altmetric analysis. The aim is to verify whether or not factors that explain the extent of scientific impact can also be identified with respect to the wider impact made evident by altmetric indicators (Haustein, 2016).Findingshe authors identified a somewhat limited response of the Argentinian, Brazilian, Chilean, Colombian and Mexican scientific communities to COVID-19 in terms of quantity of publications. The authorship of publications in the topic of COVID-19 was associated with authorship of publications dealing with locally relevant diseases. Some factors appear to contribute to visibility of scientific outputs. Papers that involved wider international collaborations and authors with previous publications in arboviruses were associated with higher levels of citations. Previous work on arbovirus was also associated with higher altmetric attention. The country of origin of authors exerted a positive effect on altmetric indicators.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation in the analysis is that, due to the nature of the data source (WoS), the authors were unable to verify the career status and the productivity of the authors in the sample. Nonetheless, the results appear to suggest that there is some overlapping in authors conducting research in Arboviruses and COVID-19. Career status and productivity should be the focus of future research.Practical implicationsIn the context of countries with limited scientific resources, like the ones investigated in our Latin American sample, previous efforts in the study of locally relevant diseases may contribute to the creation of an expertise that can be applied when a health emergency brings about a novel disease.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper rests on the fact that the authors identified that previous work on arbovirus contributed to the scientific visibility of publications on COVID-19.

Principles and Standards of Anaesthetic Monitoring

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Magee ◽  
Mark Tooley
Keyword(s):  
General Medical Council ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
Human Failure ◽  
Training Programmes

The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiology (WFSA) adopted standards relating to the safe practice of anaesthesia in 1992 and such standards had already been proposed by a number of countries in order to cut the morbidity due to anaesthesia itself. In the modern era it is easy to forget that historically anaesthesia and surgery did indeed have associated morbidity and mortality and there was very little assistance from technology to monitor patients. The evolution of these standards is based on two main requirements of monitoring. The first is to record anticipated deviations from normal values, which require accurate measurement to ensure patient safety. The second is to warn of unexpected, life-threatening events that, by definition, occur without warning, and could affect the fit, young patient as easily as the old and infirm. All international standards stress the importance of the continual presence of a fully trained and accredited anaesthetic person, and one Australian study demonstrated that many mishaps occur in the absence of such a person [Runciman 1988]. This applies to general and regional anaesthesia, sedation and recovery. Because perceptions of safety and standards vary throughout the world, despite the presence of an International Standards Organisation, debate about the minimum requirements for monitoring continue. Central to the maintenance of these standards is the quality of persons entering the specialty, the quality of training programmes, and the continuing education of specialists throughout a professional lifetime [Sykes 1992]. It is difficult to determine with certainty the effect that additional technological monitoring has on safety. One clear example is the inability of the trained human eye to detect cyanosis, this human failure occurring maximally at 81–85% oxygen saturation. Clearly, the pulse oximeter has improved the quality of cyanosis detection. Numerous studies all over the world have shown that mortality due to anaesthesia itself fell significantly between the 1950s and the 1980s, by which time extensive technological monitoring was being introduced, and training programmes had been very much improved. Utting [1987] reviewed 750 cases of death and cerebral damage reported to the British General Medical Council between 1970 and 1982 that were thought to be the result of errors in technique.

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