scholarly journals The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Tamara Jakovljević ◽  
Milica M. Janković ◽  
Andrej M. Savić ◽  
Ivan Soldatović ◽  
Gordana Čolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Saccade Duration ◽  
40 Hz

Reading is one of the essential processes during the maturation of an individual. It is estimated that 5–10% of school-age children are affected by dyslexia, the reading disorder characterised by difficulties in the accuracy or fluency of word recognition. There are many studies which have reported that coloured overlays and background could improve the reading process, especially in children with reading disorders. As dyslexia has neurobiological origins, the aim of the present research was to understand the relationship between physiological parameters and colour modifications in the text and background during reading in children with and without dyslexia. We have measured differences in electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activities (EDA) and eye movements of the 36 school-age (from 8 to 12 years old) children (18 with dyslexia and 18 of control group) during the reading task in 13 combinations of background and overlay colours. Our findings showed that the dyslexic children have longer reading duration, fixation count, fixation duration average, fixation duration total, and longer saccade count, saccade duration total, and saccade duration average while reading on white and coloured background/overlay. It was found that the turquoise background, turquoise overlay, and yellow background colours are beneficial for dyslexic readers, as they achieved the shortest time duration of the reading tasks when these colours were used. Additionally, dyslexic children have higher values of beta (15–40 Hz) and the broadband EEG (0.5–40 Hz) power while reading in one particular colour (purple), as well as increasing theta range power while reading with the purple overlay. We have observed no significant differences between HRV parameters on white colour, except for single colours (purple, turquoise overlay, and yellow overlay) where the control group showed higher values for mean HR, while dyslexic children scored higher with mean RR. Regarding EDA measure, we found systematically lower values in children with dyslexia in comparison to the control group. Based on the present results, we can conclude that both pastel and intense background/overlays are beneficial for reading of both groups and all sensor modalities could be used to better understand the neurophysiological origins in dyslexic children.

scholarly journals The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Jakovljević ◽  
Milica M. Janković ◽  
Andrej M. Savić ◽  
Ivan Soldatović ◽  
Gordana Čolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Reading Disorders ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Saccade Duration

Reading is one of the essential processes during the maturation of an individual. It is estimated that 5-10% of school-age children are affected by dyslexia, the reading disorder characterised by difficulties in the accuracy or fluency of word recognition. There are many studies which have reported that colour overlays and background could improve the reading process, especially in children with reading disorders. As dyslexia has neurobiological origins, the aim of the present research was to understand the relationship between physiological parameters and colour modifications in the text and background during reading in children with and without dyslexia. We have measured differences in electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activities (EDA), and eye movement of the 36 school-age children (18 with dyslexia and 18 of control group) during the reading performance in 13 combinations of background and overlay colours during the reading task. Our findings showed that the dyslexic children have longer reading duration, fixation count, fixation duration average, fixation duration total, and longer saccade count, saccade duration total, and saccade duration average while reading on white and coloured background/overlay. It was found that the turquoise, turquoise O, and yellow colours are beneficial for dyslexic readers, as they achieved the shortest time duration during the reading tasks when these colours were used. Also, dyslexic children have higher values of beta and the whole range of EEG while reading in particular colour (purple), as well as increasing theta range while reading on the purple overlay colour. We have observed no significant differences between HRV parameters on white colour, except for single colours (purple, turquoise overlay and yellow overlay) where the control group showed higher values for Mean HR, while dyslexic children scored higher with Mean RR. Regarding EDA measure we have found systematically lower values in children with dyslexia in comparison to the control group. Based on present results we can conclude that both colours (warm and cold background/overlays) are beneficial for both groups of readers and all sensor modalities could be used to better understand the neurophysiological origins in dyslexic children.

HUBUNGAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK PERAWAT DENGAN KECEMASAN ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH AKIBAT HOSPITALISASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Qurrotul Aeni ◽  
Andriyani Mustika Nurwijayanti ◽  
Muhammad Khabib Burhanuddin Iqomh
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Age ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Communication Anxiety ◽  
Children’S Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Introduction: anxiety is a condition that will be experienced by children who experience hospitalization and must get attention and management. Anxiety during hospitalization that is not properly addressed will hinder treatment and affect child development. The purpose of the study: to determine the relationship between therapeutic communication nurses and the anxiety of preschool children due to hospitalizationMethod: The study design used descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples is 31 with purposive sampling. Collecting research data using a questionnaire.Results: The results showed a majority of therapeutic communication was 61.3%, anxiety in children due to hospitalization of 100% with severe anxiety was 58.1%, there was a relationship between therapeutic communication and children's anxiety (p = 0.001). Suggestions need to be carried out further research on the factors that influence the low therapeutic communication in nurses.Discussion: The results of the statistical analysis using the Spearman's Rho test got p value 0.001 (p <0.05) the relationship between therapeutic communication and the anxiety of pre-school age children who experienced hospitalization, therapeutic communication can be used as an action to prevent anxiety due to hospitalization in pre-school age children.Suggestion: need to do further research on the factors that influence the low therapeutic communication in nurses Keywords: therapeutic communication, anxiety, hospitalization.  

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE BERNYANYI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN CUCI TANGAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Aminingsih ◽  
Warsini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Central Java Province

Latar belakang : kebiasaan cuci tangan yang benar sangat penting. Namun menurut Badan Pusat Statistik kebiasaan cuci tangan yang benar di Provinsi Jawa Tengah belum maksimal yaitu sebesar 53,6%. Dari observasi yang dilakukan peneliti di Dusun Ngegot Kabupaten Karanganyar masih terlihat bahwa beberapa anak saat membeli jajanan langsung mengonsumsi jajanan tersebut tanpa mencuci tangan terlebih dahulu, padahal masing-masing rumah sudah menyediakan tempat cuci tangan di depan rumah. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan metode bernyanyi terhadap kemampuan cuci tangan pada anak usia sekolah. Metode : penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain pre-post experimental control design untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bernyanyi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan cuci tangan anak usia sekolah. Hasil : hasil pretest pada kelompok perlakuan terdapat 93,3% anak yang tidak mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar dan 6,7% anak yang mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar dan hasil posttest  terdapat 20% anak yang tidak mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar dan 80% anak yang mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol hasil pretest terdapat 93,3% anak yang tidak mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar dan 6,7% anak yang mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar dan hasil posttest  terdapat 60% anak yang tidak mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar dan 40% anak yang mampu melakukan cuci tangan dengan benar. Dengan menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney diperoleh hasil p = 0,028. Kesimpulan : penerapan metode bernyanyi efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mencuci tangan. Kata kunci : kemampuan mencuci tangan, metode bernyanyi, penerapan   Background : correct hand washing habits are very important. However, according to the Central Statistics Agency, the correct habit of washing hands in Central Java Province is not maximal, namely at 53.6%. From observations made by researchers in Ngegot, Karanganyar Regency, it is still seen that some children when buying snacks immediately consume these snacks without washing their hands first, even though each house has provided a place to wash their hands in front of the house. The aims of the study : this is to determine the effect of the singing method on the ability to wash hands in school age children. Method. This research is an experimental study with a pre-post experimental control design to determine the effect of the singing method in improving the ability of school age children to wash their hands. Result : the pretest results in the treatment group were 93.3% of children who were unable to wash their hands properly and 6.7% of children who were able to wash their hands properly and posttest results there were 20% of children who were unable to wash their hands properly and 80% children who are able to wash their hands properly. Whereas in the control group, the pretest results were 93.3% of the children who were unable to wash their hands properly and 6.7% of the children who were able to wash their hands properly and the posttest results there were 60% of the children who were unable to wash their hands properly and 40 % of children who are able to wash their hands properly. By using the Mann Whitney test the result was p = 0.028. Conclusion : the application of the singing method is effective in improving the ability to wash hands. Key words: ability to wash hands, singing method, application

scholarly journals Relevance of the Problem of Myopia in School-age Children with Signs of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
V. V. Li ◽  
G. P. Smoliakova ◽  
V. V. Egorov ◽  
O. I. Kashura
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Myopia ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia

Purpose:to study the frequency and structure of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) in school-age children with myopia, their relationship to choroidal thickness and course of myopia.Patients and methods. The object of study was 120 children (240 eyes) aged 11–13 years with school axial myopia (axial length (AL) from 24.5 to 26.0 mm). Special ophthalmological examination included optical coherent tomography of macular zone (“RTVue 100” Optovue, USA) and “Cross Line” scan for measuring choroidal thickness in foveal area and 1000 μm from it in nasal and temporal regions.Results.According to studies, the phenotypic signs of UCTD were diagnosed in 56 children (46.7%) with school myopia, the largest group included phenotypic signs of locomotor syndrome; 14 children (25%) had a weak degree of UCTD, 34 children (60.7%) — moderate degree and 8 children (14.3%) — pronounced degree. Comparative characteristic of changes in choroidal thickness detected a high degree of interrelation between the severity of clinical manifestations of UCTD and the level of decrease in blood-flow in the choroid. In children of the main group with signs of UCTD, the annual growth of AL exceeded the same parameters in children of the control group by more than 2.5 times (p < 0.05); due of accumulation of phenotypic signs of UCTD, a more noticeable tendency to decrease of choroidal thickness and the increase of AL was observed (p < 0.05). The statistical analysis confirmed the presence of significant negative correlation between the decrease in average thickness index in segment of the macular map and the degree of increase of AL (p < 0.05).Conclusions. According to results of diagnostic screening, in 46.7% children with school myopia, we detected phenotypic signs of UCTD. The method of optical coherence tomography showed that with increasing severity of UCTD, indexes of choroidal thickness in the macular zone are significant decreased. In the catamnesis (duration 1 year), it was found that in children with myopia with moderate and pronounced degrees of UCTD, increase of AL is associated with degree of thinning choroidal thickness, which indicates violations of biomechanical status of sclera. 

Systems-Based Approaches to Speech-Language Pathology Service Delivery for School Age Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
RaMonda Horton
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
School Based ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Culture Environment ◽  
Culture And Development ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter will provide readers with an overview of how a systems-based approach can be used to understand the relationship between culture, environment, language, and disability. It will identify a useful model of ecology, culture, and development that can and should be considered in conjunction with the WHO-ICF framework to guide service delivery in school-based settings. This chapter will also provide an overview of systems-based approaches that can be used when working with children from traditionally marginalized backgrounds. Finally, a case study example will be used to provide guidance on the application of systems-based approaches to service delivery for children in school-based settings.

A healthy body and a healthy mind: the relationship between ill-health and cognitive function in school-age children

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nokes
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Programmes

Health of school age children and the Partnership for Child DevelopmentUntil recently, health programmes in developing countries have focused on infant survival and on the health of adolescents and, consequently, the health concerns of children of school age, falling between the ages of infancy and adolescence, have been neglected. The World Bank Development Report of 1993, stated a need to move beyond the focus on survival and to capture the concept that community health depends on the quality of life and opportunities for development. In response, the Partnership for Child Development was set up in 1992 to address the problem of ill-health among school-age children in the developing world.

scholarly journals The relationship between obesity and sleep timing behavior, television exposure, and dinnertime among elementary school-age children

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra M. K. Venkatapoorna ◽  
Priscilla Ayine ◽  
Vaithinathan Selvaraju ◽  
Emily P. Parra ◽  
Taylor Koenigs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Timing Behavior ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Television Exposure ◽  
The Relationship
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