scholarly journals Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE) meeting report

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Prussin ◽  
Jessica A. Belser ◽  
Werner Bischoff ◽  
Scott T. Kelley ◽  
Kaisen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background During a period of rapid growth in our understanding of the microbiology of the built environment in recent years, the majority of research has focused on bacteria and fungi. Viruses, while probably as numerous, have received less attention. In response, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation supported a workshop entitled “Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE),” at which experts in environmental engineering, environmental microbiology, epidemiology, infection prevention, fluid dynamics, occupational health, metagenomics, and virology convened to synthesize recent advances and identify key research questions and knowledge gaps regarding viruses in the built environment. Results Four primary research areas and funding priorities were identified. First, a better understanding of viral communities in the built environment is needed, specifically which viruses are present and their sources, spatial and temporal dynamics, and interactions with bacteria. Second, more information is needed about viruses and health, including viral transmission in the built environment, the relationship between virus detection and exposure, and the definition of a healthy virome. The third research priority is to identify and evaluate interventions for controlling viruses and the virome in the built environment. This encompasses interactions among viruses, buildings, and occupants. Finally, to overcome the challenge of working with viruses, workshop participants emphasized that improved sampling methods, laboratory techniques, and bioinformatics approaches are needed to advance understanding of viruses in the built environment. Conclusions We hope that identifying these key questions and knowledge gaps will engage other investigators and funding agencies to spur future research on the highly interdisciplinary topic of viruses in the built environment. There are numerous opportunities to advance knowledge, as many topics remain underexplored compared to our understanding of bacteria and fungi.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Computational Creativity in Built Environment Design

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ning Gu ◽  
Peiman Amini Behbahani
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Creativity ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Supporting Tool ◽  
Definition Of

Computational creativity in built environment (BE) design has been a subject of research interest in the discipline. This paper presents a critical review of various ways computational creativity has been and can be defined and approached in BE design. The paper examines a comprehensive body of contemporary literature on the topics of creativity, computational creativity, and their assessment to identify levels of computational creativity. The paper then proceeds to a further review of the implications of these levels specifically in BE design. The paper identifies four areas in BE design where computational creativity is relevant. In two areas—synthesis (generation) and analysis—there is considerable literature on lower levels of computational creativity. However, in two other areas—interfacing and communication—even the definition of computational creativity is not as defined and clear for the discipline, and most works only consider the role of computers as a supporting tool or medium. These open up future research opportunities for the discipline.

scholarly journals Assessment of Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A Meeting Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Corwin Auchincloss ◽  
Sandra L. Laursen ◽  
Janet L. Branchaw ◽  
Kevin Eagan ◽  
Mark Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Undergraduate Research Experiences ◽  
Foundation Program ◽  
Definition Of

The Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences Network (CUREnet) was initiated in 2012 with funding from the National Science Foundation program for Research Coordination Networks in Undergraduate Biology Education. CUREnet aims to address topics, problems, and opportunities inherent to integrating research experiences into undergraduate courses. During CUREnet meetings and discussions, it became apparent that there is need for a clear definition of what constitutes a CURE and systematic exploration of what makes CUREs meaningful in terms of student learning. Thus, we assembled a small working group of people with expertise in CURE instruction and assessment to: 1) draft an operational definition of a CURE, with the aim of defining what makes a laboratory course or project a “research experience”; 2) summarize research on CUREs, as well as findings from studies of undergraduate research internships that would be useful for thinking about how students are influenced by participating in CUREs; and 3) identify areas of greatest need with respect to CURE assessment, and directions for future research on and evaluation of CUREs. This report summarizes the outcomes and recommendations of this meeting.

scholarly journals Testing the Antimicrobial Characteristics of Wood Materials: A Review of Methods

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tanveer Munir ◽  
Hélène Pailhories ◽  
Matthieu Eveillard ◽  
Mark Irle ◽  
Florence Aviat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Microbial Survival ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Inert Surfaces

Some wood species have antimicrobial properties, making them a better choice over inert surfaces in certain circumstances. However, the organic and porous nature of wood raises questions regarding the use of this material in hygienically important places. Therefore, it is reasonable to investigate the microbial survival and the antimicrobial potential of wood via a variety of methods. Based on the available literature, this review classifies previously used methods into two broad categories: one category tests wood material by direct bacterial contact, and the other tests the action of molecules previously extracted from wood on bacteria and fungi. This article discusses the suitability of these methods to wood materials and exposes knowledge gaps that can be used to guide future research. This information is intended to help the researchers and field experts to select suitable methods for testing the hygienic safety and antimicrobial properties of wood materials.

Studi Literatur Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia: Sistematisasi Topik dan Arah Penelitian dari Literatur Terpilih

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Dina Sarah Syahreza
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Employee Values ◽  
Definition Of

Literature studies related to human resources, but they have not been systemized in a focused topic. The way human resources are managed today is heavily influenced by the emergence of a global workforce and the increasing relevance of business analytics as an organizational strategic capability. While human resource analytics has been mostly discussed in the literature in the past decades, however, the systematic identification and classification of major topics has not been introduced. Where there is room for conceptual contributions that aim to provide a comprehensive definition of concepts and research areas related to HR analytics in the future. This study uses a systematic literature through a review process. Next, the researcher constructs the concept of human resource analytics as widely presented. There were 91 main research topics identified related to the three majors, namely HR analytics (technology and organization), application (descriptive) and diagnostic/prescriptive), and values ​​(employee values ​​and organizational values). We also speculate on an “exponential” view of HR analytics made possible by assertion of artificial intelligence and cognitive technology. This research provides a major systematization effort and future research directions to develop further studies in the field of HR analytics. Where this research offers insights to support the design of innovative analytic projects within organizations. Keywords: Human Resources, Systematization, Literature Study

scholarly journals Megaprojects redefined – complexity vs cost and social imperatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pitsis ◽  
Stewart Clegg ◽  
Daphne Freeder ◽  
Shankar Sankaran ◽  
Stephen Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Organizational Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Broad Overview

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview from the literature on how best to define megaprojects in contemporary contexts. There is a need for a definition that encompasses a complex matrix of characteristics, inclusive of positive and negative aspects, which are not necessarily industry or sector specific. Whilst megaprojects have often been described and defined in terms of cost, they are more accurately delineated by their convolutions. Intricacies arise from political intrigues surrounding funding of such projects and managing and governing complex social and organizational relations. Points for future research are also identified. Design/methodology/approach An analysis of international megaproject literature over the past five years combined with seminal works was undertaken, drawing on the broad literature of project and program management combined with elements of organizational theory. Whilst some examples are cited, in-depth case analysis has not been covered. Findings Albeit that the scale of some megaprojects is comparable to national GDPs, seven more characteristics beyond size have been identified, which distinguish megaprojects from large projects. These include: reach; duration; risks and uncertainties; widely disparate actors; areas of controversy such as dispute resolution; and legal and regulatory issues. Research limitations/implications The paper takes a broad overview and whilst some examples are cited, in-depth case analysis has not been covered. The overview does however provide a good synopsis of the future research areas that warrant exploration. Practical implications The paper identifies a range of analytical areas for major future research including further exploration of institutional analysis. Areas for further analysis include stakeholder issues; collaboration and understanding between technical and business personnel and reforming notions of procurement and contractual arrangements. Social implications Rigorous stakeholder engagement is critical for success in megaprojects, and collaborative learnings need to be exchanged. The longer term social and economic impacts need to be viewed as an imperative rather than a hindrance to the planning and execution of megaprojects and complexity rather than cost more aptly defines megaprojects. Originality/value The paper moves the definition of megaprojects to beyond measurement on the basis of cost to complexity and social and economic variables.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0: defining the research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya Erro-Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Smart Industry ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose Industry 4.0 implies that global challenges exist within the manufacturing sector. Both theoretical and empirical research has been developed to support these transformations and assist companies in the process of changing. The purpose of this paper is to gather previous articles through an updated review and defines a research agenda for future investigation based on the most recent studies published in the field. Design/methodology/approach Key articles on the subject are analysed. The articles were published in 39 journals from which 107 papers dating from 2005 to 2018 have been selected. Findings The main findings imply the definition of a research agenda where: a common terminology should be created; the levels of implementation of Industry 4.0 should be defined; the stages of the development of Industry 4.0 should be identified; a lean approach for this industry is defined and the implications of Industry 4.0 in either a sustainable or circular economy should be understood; the consequences of human resources should be analysed; and the effects of the smart factory in the organisation are the areas identified and studied in the mentioned research agenda. Research limitations/implications This review has some limitations. First, a number of grey literature, such as reports from non-governmental organisations and front-line practitioners’ reflections, were not included. Second, only research studies in English and Spanish were reviewed. Practical implications This review helps practitioners in their implementation of Industry 4.0. Moreover, the identified future research areas may help to define priorities in this implementation. Originality/value After examining previous research, this paper proposes a research agenda covering issues about Industry 4.0. This research agenda should guide future investigations in the smart industry.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Sustainable Built Environment, Art Therapy and Therapeutic Design in Promoting Health and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10906
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Zulan Yang ◽  
Mohamed Osmani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

At present, a smart city from the perspective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes the importance of providing citizens with promising health and well-being. However, with the continuous impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the increase of city population, the health of citizens is facing new challenges. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the relationship between building, environment, landscape design, art therapy (AT), and therapeutic design (TD) in promoting health within the context of sustainable development. It also summarizes the existing applied research areas and potential value of TD that informs future research. This paper adopts the macro-quantitative and micro-qualitative research methods of bibliometric analysis. The results show that: the built environment and AT are related to sustainable development, and closely associated with health and well-being; the application of TD in the environment, architecture, space, and landscape fields promotes the realization of SDGs and lays the foundation for integrating digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) into the design process to potentially solve the challenges of TD; and the principle of TD can consider design elements and characteristics from based on people’s health needs to better promote human health and well-being.

Roles of externalisation activities in the design process

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Maral Babapour Chafi
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Digital Modelling

Designers engage in various activities, dealing with different materials and media to externalise and represent their form ideas. This paper presents a review of design research literature regarding externalisation activities in design process: sketching, building physical models and digital modelling. The aim has been to review research on the roles of media and representations in design processes, and highlight knowledge gaps and questions for future research.

Applying personalized medicine to adult severe asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. e8-e16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Tiotiu
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structured Approach

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various phenotypes driven by different pathways. Associated with significant morbidity, an important negative impact on the quality of life of patients, and increased health care costs, severe asthma represents a challenge for the clinician. With the introduction of various antibodies that target type 2 inflammation (T2) pathways, severe asthma therapy is gradually moving to a personalized medicine approach. Objective: The purpose of this review was to emphasize the important role of personalized medicine in adult severe asthma management. Methods: An extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as “severe asthma” associated with “structured approach,” “comorbidities,” “biomarkers,” “phenotypes/endotypes,” and “biologic therapies.” Results: The management of severe asthma starts with a structured approach to confirm the diagnosis, assess the adherence to medications and identify confounding factors and comorbidities. The definition of phenotypes or endotypes (phenotypes defined by mechanisms and identified through biomarkers) is an important step toward the use of personalized medicine in asthma. Severe allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic asthma are two defined T2 phenotypes for which there are efficacious targeted biologic therapies currently available. Non-T2 phenotype remains to be characterized, and less efficient target therapy exists. Conclusion: Despite important progress in applying personalized medicine to severe asthma, especially in T2 inflammatory phenotypes, future research is needed to find valid biomarkers predictive for the response to available biologic therapies to develop more effective therapies in non-T2 phenotype.

A Review of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) based on Bibliometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Gaurav ◽  
Abhay Sharma ◽  
G S Dangayach ◽  
M L Meena
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Minimum Quantity ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Future Research Directions

Background: Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is one of the most promising machining techniques that can yield a reduction in consumption of cutting fluid more than 90 % while ensuring the surface quality and tool life. The significance of the MQL in machining makes it imperative to consolidate and analyse the current direction and status of research in MQL. Objective: This study aims to assess global research publication trends and hot topics in the field of MQL among machining process. The bibliometric and descriptive analysis are the tools that the investigation aims to use for the data analysis of related literature collected from Scopus databases. Methods: Various performance parameters are extracted, such as document types and languages of publication, annual scientific production, total documents, total citations, and citations per article. The top 20 of the most relevant and productive sources, authors, affiliations, countries, word cloud, and word dynamics are assessed. The graphical visualisation of the bibliometric data is presented in terms of bibliographic coupling, citation, and co-citation network. Results: The investigation reveals that the International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture (2611 citations, 31 hindex) is the most productive journal that publishes on MQL. The most productive institution is the University of Michigan (32 publications), the most cited country is Germany (1879 citations), and the most productive country in MQL is China (124 publications). The study shows that ‘Cryogenic Machining’, ‘Sustainable Machining’, ‘Sustainability’, ‘Nanofluid’ and ‘Titanium alloy’ are the most recent keywords and indications of the hot topics and future research directions in the MQL field. Conclusion: The analysis finds that MQL is progressing in publications and the emerging with issues that are strongly associated with the research. This study is expected to help the researchers to find the most current research areas through the author’s keywords and future research directions in MQL and thereby expand their research interests.

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