scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Technologies for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Maghrabie ◽  
Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem ◽  
Abdul Hai Al-Alami ◽  
Mohamad Ramadan ◽  
Emad Mushtaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Heating Loads ◽  
Active Effects

Advances in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for residential and commercial purposes are set to minimize overall energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The BIPV design considerations entail energy infrastructure, pertinent renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency provisions. In this work, the performance of roof/façade-based BIPV systems and the affecting parameters on cooling/heating loads of buildings are reviewed. Moreover, this work provides an overview of different categories of BIPV, presenting the recent developments and sufficient references, and supporting more successful implementations of BIPV for various globe zones. A number of available technologies decide the best selections, and make easy configuration of the BIPV, avoiding any difficulties, and allowing flexibility of design in order to adapt to local environmental conditions, and are adequate to important considerations, such as building codes, building structures and loads, architectural components, replacement and maintenance, energy resources, and all associated expenditure. The passive and active effects of both air-based and water-based BIPV systems have great effects on the cooling and heating loads and thermal comfort and, hence, on the electricity consumption.

scholarly journals Towards Zero-Energy Housing in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hala Abdelmoez Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Zero Energy

As the Egyptian population is increasing at a huge rate, the yearly housing demand is increasing in an equivalent rate. In addition, the whole world is suffering from an energy crises caused by the rapidly increasing consumption of world’s traditional energy resources, so the obvious solution is to go green, and depend much more on renewable energy resources. According to the statistical data available in Egyptian governmental authorities, the accumulated housing demand till 2014 was about 2,400,000 units. On the other hand, the yearly housing supply from private and public sectors is about 150,000 to 200,000 unit, Egyptian authorities declared that at summer 2010 air-conditioning devices increased to reach 3.000.000 ( three million) devices all over Egypt, mostly working from early mornings till 2 am next day to adjust temperatures that reach up to (45C) and more outside buildings to reach (25 C) or less inside. This behavior increased electricity consumption rapidly. Consequently, the electricity consumption rate in Egypt had increased by 13% more than 2009, which exceeds the maximum capacity power of the high dam by 7% to 8%, ministry of electricity announcements declared that to fill that gab we need 3000 megawatts at peak hours which costs the electricity sector up to 16.000.000.000 l.E. Accordingly, a new architectural design concept is proposed (Zero-Energy Housing Unit) to rely on the surrounding environmental conditions and new Green Architecture Techniques in order to provide human comfort based on renewable energy sources, provided that the common current governmental energy sources will be a backup system for the meanwhile.

scholarly journals Chinese experience in implementing renewable energy sources as a possible scenario for the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikonorov ◽  
Konstantin Papenov ◽  
Denis Sergeyev
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
To Come ◽  
Developing Area

Renewable energy is a rapidly developing area of the modern economy. As many experts forecast, global electricity consumption will double by 2050, while the share of renewable sources in energy generation will be 50%. For most states, the main incentives for the development of renewable energy are the ability to eliminate the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce the level of emissions of pollutants, while ensuring sustainable development of the country. At the same time, Russia, which has significant reserves of natural resources, is in no hurry to switch to the use of energy from renewable sources since it is believed that the country’s subsoil can provide it with cheap energy resources for many generations to come. Therefore, introduction of renewable energy sources that are unable to compete with traditional energy without a developed energy infrastructure and established production is impractical. In our study we try to evaluate the efficiency of the introduction of renewable energy sources in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of Russia using the example of the Chinese experience.

scholarly journals Recent developments in biological hydrogen production processes

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Das ◽  
Namita Khanna ◽  
Nejat Veziroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Enzyme

Biohydrogen production technology can utilize renewable energy sources like biomass for the generation of hydrogen, the cleanest form of energy for the use of mankind. However, major constraints to the commercialization of these processes include lower hydrogen yields and rates of hydrogen production. To overcome these bottlenecks intensive research work has already been carried out on the advancement of these processes such as the development of genetically modified microorganisms, the improvement of the bioreactor design, molecular engineering of the key enzyme hydrogenases, the development of two stage processes, etc. The present paper explores the recent advancements that have been made till date and also presents the state of the art in molecular strategies to improve the hydrogen production.

scholarly journals Economical Investigation of the Feasibility of Utilizing the PV Solar Lighting for Jordanian Streets

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Problem ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Solar Lighting ◽  
The Cost

Jordan blessed with a various type of renewable energy resources, being located on the Sun Belt is the most perspicacious and substantial matter. In spite of these facts the energy problem is one of the most frustrating challenges facing Jordan these days, causing tremendous pressure on the country's economy, obviously the solution lies in reducing the proportion of the imported fuel for the benefit of exploitation of renewable energy sources. Street lighting is a vital sector in any country growth. This vital sector represents 2% of annual electricity consumption in Jordan. This paper will introduce feasibility study for the installation photovoltaic cells in street lighting for existing and futuristic project as a step toward solving the problem facing this sector. The study shows that photovoltaic is feasible for futuristic due to minimizing the work frame time and the cost required for the infrastructure.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS ENERGY IN UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Z. U. SAIPOV ◽  
◽  
G. A. ARIFDZHANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Energy is one of the main pillars of the state’s economy, which is currently facing serious problems due to depletion of mineral energy resources and the threatening environment. As a result, presently around the world there is a rapid growth and development of energy-efficient technologies and the use of renewable energy sources (RES), providing an increase in energy resources, as well as environmental and social effects. One of the most relevant and promising areas of renewable energy development is the disposal and processing of organic waste in biogas plants, and this is particularly relevant in agricultural regions. In this regard, this paper considers the state and prospects for the development of bioenergy in agricultural regions of Uzbekistan, where half of the population of the republic lives. The potential of organic waste from livestock and poultry farming of the agricultural sector was determined, and it was revealed that the use of biogas plants for the disposal of manure and litter is clearly a profitable production and requires close attention from rural producers. The introduction of biogas technologies for the bulk of agricultural producers is an urgent task, that will ensure not only a solution to the waste problem, but it will also provide a solution to energy, agricultural, environmental and social problems in rural regions of the republic.

scholarly journals Progresses in Analytical Design of Distribution Grids and Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4270
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Colangelo ◽  
Gianluigi Spirto ◽  
Marco Milanese ◽  
Arturo de Risi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Bidirectional Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Grids

In the last years, a change in the power generation paradigm has been promoted by the increasing use of renewable energy sources combined with the need to reduce CO2 emissions. Small and distributed power generators are preferred to the classical centralized and sizeable ones. Accordingly, this fact led to a new way to think and design distributions grids. One of the challenges is to handle bidirectional power flow at the distribution substations transformer from and to the national transportation grid. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the different mathematical methods to design the architecture of a distribution grid and the state of the art of the technologies used to produce and eventually store or convert, in different energy carriers, electricity produced by renewable energy sources, coping with the aleatory of these sources.

scholarly journals Scalable Multiport Converter Structure for Easy Grid Integration of Alternate Energy Sources for Generation of Isolated Voltage Sources for MMC

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Khaliqur Rahman ◽  
Sattam Al Otaibi ◽  
Hend I. Alkhammash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Multiport Converter ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents a novel, scalable, and modular multiport power electronic topology for the integration of multiple resources. This converter is not only scalable in terms of the integration of multiple renewable energy resources (RES) and storage devices (SDs) but is also scalable in terms of output ports. Multiple dc outputs of a converter are designed to serve as input to the stacking modules (SMs) of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). The proposed multiport converter is bidirectional in nature and superior in terms of functionality in a way that a modular universal converter is responsible for the integration of multiple RES/SDs and regulates multiple dc output ports for SMs of MMC. All input ports can be easily integrated (and controlled), and output ports also can be controlled independently in response to any load variations. An isolated active half-bridge converter with multiple secondaries acts as a central hub for power processing with multiple renewable energy resources that are integrated at the primary side. To verify the proposed converter, a detailed design of the converter-based system is presented along with the proposed control algorithm for managing power on the individual component level. Additionally, different modes of power management (emulating the availability/variability of renewable energy sources (RES)) are exhibited and analyzed here. Finally, detailed simulation results are presented in detail for the validation of the proposed concepts and design process.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Coatings, Gratings, and Reflective Components

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
R. R. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Incoming Radiation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Electronic Sensors ◽  
Large Primary ◽  
Telescope System

The requirements on gratings and coatings for astronomical use differ from the general industrial requirements primarily in the scale of the components to be fabricated. Telescopes have large primary mirrors which require large coating plants to handle the components. Dispersive elements are driven by the requirement to be efficient in the presence of large working apertures, and usually optimize to large size in order to efficiently use the incoming radiation. Beyond this, there is a “new” technology of direct electronic sensors that places specific limits upon the image scale that can be used at the output of a telescope system, whether direct imagery or spectrally divided imagery is to be examined. This paper will examine the state of the art in these areas and suggest some actions and decisions that will be required in order to apply current technology to the predicted range of large new telescopes.

Performance assessment of free standing and building integrated grid connected photovoltaic system for southern part of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 014362442097774
Author(s):  
VS Chandrika ◽  
M Mohamed Thalib ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
A Muthu Manokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Community Buildings ◽  
Equatorial Climate

Photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency depends on the geographical location and the orientation of the building. Until installing the building structures, the integration of the PV module must be evaluated with ventilation and without ventilation effects. This work optimises the performance of the 250 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic (GPV) for community buildings in the southern part of India. This simulation is carried out to evaluate the system efficiency of the GPV system under various ventilation conditions, such as free-standing PV (FSPV), building integrated photovoltaic ventilated (BIPV_V) and Building Integrated Photovoltaic without ventilation (BIPV). The PVsyst simulation tool is used to simulate and optimise the performance of the system with FSPV, BIPV and BIPV_V for the region of Chennai (13.2789° N, 80.2623° E), Tamilnadu, India. An annual system energy production is 446 MWh, 409 MWh and 428 MWh of FSPV, BIPV and BIPV_V system respectively. while electrical efficiency for the FSPV, BIPV_V, BIPV system is 15.45%. 15.25% and 14.75% respectively. Practical application: Integrating the grid connected photovoltaic system on the building reduces the energy consumption in the building. The integration of the PV on the roof or semi integrated on the roof is need to be investigated before installing on the buildings. The need for installation of the BIPV with ventilation is explored. This study will assist architects and wider community to design buildings roofs with GPV system which are more aesthetic and account for noise protection and thermal insulation in the region of equatorial climate zones.

Rewiew of Fracture and Fatigue in Ceramic Matrix Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Birman ◽  
Larry W. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Hostile Environments

A review of recent developments and state-of-the-art in research and understanding of damage and fatigue of ceramic matrix composites is presented. Both laminated as well as woven configurations are considered. The work on the effects of high temperature on fracture and fatigue of ceramic matrix composites is emphasized, because these materials are usually designed to operate in hostile environments. Based on a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of failure, the problems that have to be addressed for a successful implementation of ceramic matrix composites in design and practical operational structures are outlined. This review article includes 317 references.

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