scholarly journals Hypoxia in Lung Cancer Management: A Translational Approach

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3421
Author(s):  
Julien Ancel ◽  
Jeanne-Marie Perotin ◽  
Maxime Dewolf ◽  
Claire Launois ◽  
Pauline Mulette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Resected Nsclc ◽  
Circulating Markers ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Translational Approach ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Lung cancer represents the first cause of death by cancer worldwide and remains a challenging public health issue. Hypoxia, as a relevant biomarker, has raised high expectations for clinical practice. Here, we review clinical and pathological features related to hypoxic lung tumours. Secondly, we expound on the main current techniques to evaluate hypoxic status in NSCLC focusing on positive emission tomography. We present existing alternative experimental approaches such as the examination of circulating markers and highlight the interest in non-invasive markers. Finally, we evaluate the relevance of investigating hypoxia in lung cancer management as a companion biomarker at various lung cancer stages. Hypoxia could support the identification of patients with higher risks of NSCLC. Moreover, the presence of hypoxia in treated tumours could help clinicians predict a worse prognosis for patients with resected NSCLC and may help identify patients who would benefit potentially from adjuvant therapies. Globally, the large quantity of translational data incites experimental and clinical studies to implement the characterisation of hypoxia in clinical NSCLC management.

scholarly journals Urinary markers in treatment monitoring of lung cancer patients with bone metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Pei Cheng Jin ◽  
Bo Gou ◽  
Wei Qian
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Urinary Markers ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Bone metastasis remains critical for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)—a disease that is challenging to manage. Urinary markers present opportunities for non-invasive testing. Methods: Urine specimens were collected from patients prior to treatment. Urinary cell-free DNA was subsequently purified from these samples. To address the specificity of the test, driver mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor L858R and L861Q were analyzed. Clinical specificity was established by comparison with healthy volunteers. Regular monitoring was established during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The overall survival of patients was correlated with changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Results: Baseline clinical correlation of urinary ctDNA and matched tumor specimens achieved 89% concordance. The clinical specificity was 100%. The average background level of urinary ctDNA was 20.7 ng/mL. Comparing patients with and without bone metastasis, the latter had significantly lower baseline levels. During treatment, more pronounced decline in urinary ctDNA was observed in patients without bone metastasis. In our Kaplan–Meier estimator, we observed that patients with a more significant reduction in ctDNA had a better overall survival outcome. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates clear benefits and allows better risk profiling for NSCLC patients with bone metastasis. The non-invasive specimen collection is attractive and complements existing cancer management tools.

scholarly journals Lung cancer management in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Akyol ◽  
Berna Kömürcüoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Intensive Care Admission ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Clinical Picture ◽  
Radiological Methods

Covid-19 infection, spreading from China to the whole world, continues to spread and cause serious mortality. Covid-19 infection causes mortality with pneumonia due to severe lung involvement, ARDS and respiratory failure. Lung cancer causes both a decrease in the local resistance of the lung and an increased risk in cases against secondary infections such as Covid-19 pneumonia with immunosuppression that may occur during the treatment period. In the course of Covid-19 infection, cancer and other serious comorbidities cause high rates of severe clinical picture, intensive care admission and mortality. During Covid-19 pandemic, cancer and other serious co-morbidities; It causes high rates of severe clinical picture, intensive care admission and mortality. It is recommended to evaluate patients with lung cancer individually and to plan the treatment according to their stages and performances. During the pandemic process, it should be planned to use non-invasive radiological methods instead of endobronchial interventional examinations in the diagnosis, to minimize

scholarly journals Peranan Immunoterapi Pada Kanker Paru

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Andayani ◽  
Linda Julisafrida
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The World ◽  
Cell Death Program ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Lung Cancer Therapy

Abstrak. Kanker paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan secara menyeluruh, baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia, khususnya di Aceh. Saat ini kanker paru masih menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia.  Berbagai peneletian tentang tatalaksana kanker paru telah dikembangkan, perkembangan terapi kanker paru saat ini berupa immunoterapi yang menargetkan reseptor penghambat sel T, seperti program sel death (PD-1) , terapi checkpoint blockade, immunoterapi baru berdasarkan neoantigen selektif dengan tujuan pengobatan mampu mendorong sel yang di transformasikan.Immunoterapi adalah salah satu metode pengobatan berbagai jenis tumor dengan efek samping yang dapat di atasi. Tujuan imunoterapi kanker adalah memberikan efektor antitumor (antibodi dan sel T ) terhadap pasien. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan tentang tatalaksana kanker berkembang sangat pesat, baik yang bersifat invasif maupun yang non invasif hingga penatalaksaan nano molekul. Tujuan pengobatan beruapa peningkatan kualitas hidup dan peningkatan survival rate.Kata Kunci : kanker paru, immunoterapi, PD-1, PD-L1, checkpoint blockadeAbstract. Lung cancer is still a comprehensive health problem, both in the world and in Indonesia, especially in Aceh. Currently lung cancer is still the highest cause of death in the world. Various studies on the management of lung cancer have been developed, the development of lung cancer therapy currently in the form of immunotherapy that targets T cell receptor inhibitors, such as the cell death program (PD-1), checkpoint blockade therapy, new immunotherapy based on selective neoantigens with the aim of treatment being able to encourage cells that transformed.Immunotherapy is one method of treating various types of tumors with side effects that can be overcome. The aim of cancer immunotherapy is to provide antitumor effectors (antibodies and T cells) to patients. The development of science about cancer management is developing very rapidly, both invasive and non-invasive to the management of nano molecules. Treatment goals include improving the quality of life and increasing survival rates.Keyword: lung cancer, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, checkpoint blockade

scholarly journals A phase II study of cisplatin plus vinorelbine combined with atezolizumab as adjuvant therapy for completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation (West Japan Oncology Group 11719L/ADJUST study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175883592098764
Author(s):  
Ryota Shibaki ◽  
Hiroaki Akamatsu ◽  
Terufumi Kato ◽  
Kazumi Nishino ◽  
Morihito Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Egfr Mutation ◽  
Phase Ii Study ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Resected Nsclc ◽  
Egfr Mutated ◽  
Doublet Chemotherapy ◽  
Platinum Doublet

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a standard treatment in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, previous data have suggested that EGFR-TKI has limited potential as adjuvant therapy. On the contrary, based on subset analysis with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutation, we hypothesized that this combination was worth testing as adjuvant therapy in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Methods: Herein, we introduce our phase II study of cisplatin plus vinorelbine combined with atezolizumab as adjuvant therapy for completely resected NSCLC with EGFR mutation. Accrued patients will be pathological stage II–IIIA with completely resected NSCLC and whose tumors have EGFR mutation. Treatment comprises four cycles of cisplatin plus vinorelbine combined with atezolizumab followed by maintenance with atezolizumab. The primary endpoint is the disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 2 years. Secondary endpoints are DFS, overall survival, and safety. In total, 18 patients will be enrolled in this study. Discussion: Ongoing phase III trials of adjuvant ICI allow the inclusion of patients with EGFR mutation, but our current trial will provide the earliest clinical data on the efficacy of platinum-doublet chemotherapy with atezolizumab.

scholarly journals Circulating serum exosomal miR-20b-5p and miR-3187-5p as efficient diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (16) ◽  
pp. 1428-1436
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Zhang ◽  
Xing-Guo Song ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Kang-Yu Wang ◽  
You-Yong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Stage Nsclc ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Circulating exosomal microRNAs (ExmiRNAs) provide an ideal non-invasive method for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated two circulating ExmiRNAs in NSCLC patients as a diagnostic tool for early-stage non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). The exosomes were characterized by qNano, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot, and the ExmiRNA expression was measured by microarrays. The differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR using peripheral blood specimens from NSCLC patients ( n = 276, 0 and I stage: n = 104) and healthy donors ( n = 282). The diagnostic values were measured by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The results show that the expression of both ExmiR-20b-5p and ExmiR-3187-5p was drastically reduced in NSCLC patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was determined to be 0.818 and 0.690 for ExmiR-20b-5p and ExmiR-3187-5p, respectively. When these two ExmiRNAs were combined, the AUC increased to 0.848. When the ExmiRNAs were administered with either carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or cytokeratin-19-fragment (CYFRA21-1), the AUC was further improved to 0.905 and 0.894, respectively. Additionally, both ExmiR-20b-5p and ExmiR-3187-5p could be used to distinguish early stages NSCLC (0 and I stage) from the healthy controls. The ROC curves showed that the AUCs were 0.810 and 0.673, respectively. Combination of ExmiR-20b-5p and ExmiR-3187-5p enhanced the AUC to 0.838. When CEA and CYFRA21-1 were administered with the ExmiRNAs, the AUCs were improved to 0.930 and 0.928, respectively. In summary, circulating serum exosomal miR-20b-5p and miR-3187-5p could be used as effective, non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC, and the effects were further improved when the ExmiRNAs were combined. Impact statement The high mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mainly because the cancer has progressed to a more advanced stage before diagnosis. If NSCLC can be diagnosed at early stages, especially stage 0 or I, the overall survival rate will be largely improved by definitive treatment such as lobectomy. We herein validated two novel circulating serum ExmiRs as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC to fulfill the unmet medical need. Considering the number of specimens in this study, circulating serum exosomal miR-20b-5p and miR-3187-5p are putative NSCLC biomarkers, which need to be further investigated in a larger randomized controlled clinical trial.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs in Blood and Other Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Response in Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luis Vicente Gayosso-Gómez ◽  
Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Potential Clinical Application

The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood and other body fluids has led to considerable research interest in investigating their potential clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer, including lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy worldwide. Several studies have found that alterations in the levels of miRNAs in circulation are able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy individuals (diagnosis) and are associated with patient outcome (prognosis) and treatment response (prediction). Increasing evidence indicates that circulating miRNAs may function as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, affecting biological processes associated with tumor initiation and progression. This review is focused on the most recent studies that provide evidence of the potential value of circulating miRNAs in blood and other body fluids as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. The status of their potential clinical application in lung cancer is also discussed, and relevant clinical trials were sought and are described. Because of the relevance of their biological characteristics and potential value as biomarkers, this review provides an overview of the canonical biogenesis, release mechanisms, and biological role of miRNAs in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the management of non-small cell lung cancer

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Shojaee ◽  
Patrick Nana-Sinkam
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Significant Step

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. However, over the last few years, we have witnessed improved outcomes that are largely attributable to early detection, increased efforts in tobacco control, improved surgical approaches, and the development of novel targeted therapies. Currently, there are several novel therapies in clinical practice, including those targeting actionable mutations and more recently immunotherapeutic agents. Immunotherapy represents the most significant step forward in eradicating this deadly disease. Given the ever-changing landscape of lung cancer management, here we present an overview of the most recent advances in the management of non-small cell lung cancer.

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