scholarly journals Survival and Disease Recurrence in Patients with Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumours—A Single Centre Cohort

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3985
Author(s):  
Oddry Folkestad ◽  
Hans H. Wasmuth ◽  
Patricia Mjønes ◽  
Reidun Fougner ◽  
Øyvind Hauso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Tumour Grade ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumours

Background: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumours (D-NETs) are rare but increasingly diagnosed. This study aimed to assess the overall survival and recurrence rate among patients treated for D-NETs. Methods: Patients with D-NETs were retrospectively reviewed with a median follow-up time of 4.8 years (range 0.0–17.2 years). Results: A total of 32 patients with median age 68.0 years were identified. Fifteen patients underwent surgery while ten patients underwent endoscopic treatment. Mean estimated overall survival for the entire population was 12.1 years (95% CI 9.5–14.7 years), while 5-year overall survival was 81.3%. Tumour grade G1 was associated with longer mean estimated survival compared to G2 tumours (13.2 years versus 4.4 years, p = 0.010). None of the 23 patients who underwent presumed radical endoscopic or surgical resection had disease recurrence during follow-up. Tumours <10 mm could be treated endoscopically whereas a high proportion of patients with tumours 10–20 mm should be considered for surgery. Conclusion: Patients with D-NETs had long overall survival, and mortality was more influenced by other diseases. Both endoscopic and surgical resections were effective as no recurrences were diagnosed during follow-up.

Tumor Recurrence Rate and Survival Outcomes of Uterine Serous Carcinoma after Surgical Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Uterine Serous Carcinoma

Background: Uterine serous carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of endometrial cancer. Oncologic outcomes for this disease are sparsely reported, and adjuvant therapy after surgery is considerably heterogeneous. Objective: To determine the 2-year recurrence rate, recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and associated factors among patients with uterine serous carcinoma after surgical treatment at Siriraj Hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty uterine serous carcinoma patients diagnosed between December 2007 and June 2015 were enrolled. Patients who did not undergo surgery as a primary treatment or not achieve clinically complete response were excluded. Pathological slides were reviewed. Data were retrieved from the medical records including gynecologic data, surgical and pathological results, post-operative treatment, response status, recurrence status, and follow-up data. The recurrence rate at two years was calculated. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed, and various characteristics were used to determine associated treatment outcomes. Results: One hundred nine patients were analyzed, 50 in stage I, 15 in stage II, 38 in stage III, and six in stage IV. Median follow-up time was 23 months. At two years, the recurrence rate was 35.8%. Post-operative treatment was performed in 91.7%, and chemotherapy was the most common modality used. Eleven patients (16.9%) in early-stage and twenty-five patients (56.8%) in the advanced stage had disease recurrence. Thirty patients (83.3%) had disease recurrence intra-abdominal or multiple metastases. No patient in stage I that received adjuvant chemotherapy had relapsed disease. Two-year recurrence-free survival and 2-year overall survival were 71.2% and 83.4%, respectively. FIGO staging was the only factor associated with recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: Uterine serous carcinoma represents a rare disease with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. FIGO staging is related to recurrence-free survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy showed survival benefits in early-stage uterine serous carcinoma. Keywords: Uterine serous carcinoma, Adjuvant therapy, Recurrence, Survival

Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Estrogen Replacement Therapy Versus Placebo in Stage I or II Endometrial Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Barakat ◽  
Brian N. Bundy ◽  
Nick M. Spirtos ◽  
Jeffrey Bell ◽  
Robert S. Mannel
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Estrogen Replacement

Purpose To determine the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on recurrence rate and survival in women who have undergone surgery for stage I or II endometrial cancer. Patients and Methods After surgery, eligible patients were allocated to therapy with ERT or placebo after undergoing hysterectomy with or without pelvic and aortic nodal sampling. Planned duration of hormonal versus placebo treatment was 3 years, with an additional 2 years of follow-up. Results The median follow-up time for all 1,236 eligible and assessable patients was 35.7 months. Stage, grade, histologic subtype, and percentage of patients receiving adjuvant therapy were similarly distributed between the groups. The median age at diagnosis for the 618 patients randomly assigned to ERT was 57 years (range, 26 to 91 years). Two hundred fifty-one patients (41.1%) were compliant with ERT for the entire treatment period. Disease recurrence was experienced in 14 patients (2.3%). Eight patients (1.3%) developed a new malignancy. There were 26 deaths (4.2%), and five deaths (0.8%) were a result of endometrial cancer. The median age at diagnosis for the 618 patients in the placebo group was 57 years (range, 30 to 88 years). Twelve patients (1.9%) experienced disease recurrence. Ten patients (1.6%) developed a new malignancy. There were 9 deaths (3.1%) in the placebo group, and four deaths (0.6%) were a result of endometrial cancer. Conclusion Although this incomplete study cannot conclusively refute or support the safety of exogenous estrogen with regard to risk of endometrial recurrence, it is noteworthy that the absolute recurrence rate (2.1%) and the incidence of new malignancy were low.

scholarly journals Case of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma successfully treated with laparoscopic right hepatectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e233567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Vella ◽  
Kelvin Cortis ◽  
David Pisani ◽  
James Pocock ◽  
Luca Aldrighetti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Right Hepatectomy ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Laparoscopic Right Hepatectomy ◽  
The Right

We describe the case of a 77-year-old woman, presenting with non-specific epigastric pain. Physical examination and subsequent imaging revealed the presence of a large mass in the right liver lobe. This was shown to be a leiomyosarcoma on biopsy histology. Further investigation confirmed this to be a primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma with no evidence of metastases. The patient underwent successful surgical resection. She is currently under imaging follow-up, with no evidence of disease recurrence.

Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: Biologic Behavior, Prognosis, and Response to Combined Surgical Resection and Immunotherapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cangiano ◽  
Joseph Liao ◽  
John Naitoh ◽  
Frederick Dorey ◽  
Robert Figlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Risk Of Death

PURPOSE: Sarcomatoid variants of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are aggressive tumors that respond poorly to immunotherapy. We report the outcomes of 31 patients with sarcomatoid RCC treated with a combination of surgical resection and immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were identified from the database of the University of California Los Angeles Kidney Cancer Program. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 31 consecutive patients in whom sarcomatoid RCC was diagnosed between 1990 and 1997. Clinical stage, sites of metastasis, pathologic stage, and type of immunotherapy were abstracted from the medical records. The primary end point analyzed was overall survival, and a multivariate analysis was performed to distinguish any factors conferring an improved survivorship. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of patients were male and 74% were female, and the median age was 59 years (range, 34 to 73 years). Length of follow-up ranged from 2 to 77 months (mean, 21.4 months). Twenty-eight patients (84%) had known metastases at the time of radical nephrectomy (67% had lung metastases and 40% had bone, 21% had liver, 33% had lymphatic, and 15% had brain metastases). Twenty-five patients (81%) received immunotherapy, including low-dose interleukin (IL)-2–based therapy (five patients), tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte–based therapy plus IL-2 (nine patients), high-dose IL-2–based therapy (nine patients), dendritic cell vaccine–based therapy (one patient), and interferon alpha–based therapy alone (one patient). Two patients (6%) achieved complete responses (median duration, 46+ months) and five patients (15%) achieved partial responses (median duration, 36 months). One- and 2-year overall survival rates were 48% and 37%, respectively. Using a multivariate analysis, age, sex, and percentage of sarcomatoid tumor (< or > 50%) did not significantly correlate with survival. Improved survival was found in patients receiving high-dose IL-2 therapy compared with patients treated with surgery alone or any other form of immunotherapy (P = .025). Adjusting for age, sex, and percentage of sarcomatoid tumor, the relative risk of death was 10.4 times higher in patients not receiving high-dose IL-2 therapy. Final pathologic T stage did not correlate significantly with outcome, but node-positive patients had a higher death rate per year of follow-up than did the rest of the population (1.26 v 0.76, Cox regression analysis). CONCLUSION: Surgical resection and high-dose IL-2–based immunotherapy may play a role in the treatment of sarcomatoid RCCs in select patients.

scholarly journals Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Recurrence After Apparent Microsurgical Cure

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2990-2996
Author(s):  
Alexander Copelan ◽  
Gerald Drocton ◽  
M. Travis Caton ◽  
Eric R. Smith ◽  
Daniel L. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Brain Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Do children have an increased risk for brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) recurrence compared with adults and does this risk vary depending on initial presentation with AVM rupture? Methods: We retrospectively studied 115 patients initially presenting with brain AVM under age 25 years who underwent complete surgical resection of the AVM as documented by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and had delayed follow-up DSA to evaluate for AVM recurrence after apparent initial cure. Results: The mean time from baseline DSA to follow-up DSA was 2.3 years, ranging from 0 to 15 years. Twelve patients (10.4% of the 115 patient cohort and 16.7% of 72 patients with hemorrhage at initial presentation) demonstrated AVM recurrence on follow-up DSA. All patients with recurrence initially presented with intracranial hemorrhage, and intracranial hemorrhage was a significant predictor of recurrence (log rank P =0.037). Among patients with initial hemorrhage, the 5-year recurrence rate was 17.8% (95% CI, 8.3%–35.7%). All recurrences occurred in patients who were children at the time of their initial presentation; the oldest was 15 years of age at the time of initial AVM surgery. The 5-year recurrence rate for children (0–18 years of age) with an initial presentation of hemorrhage was 21.4% (95% CI, 10.1%–41.9%). Using Cox regression, we found the risk of AVM recurrence decreased by 14% per each year increase in age at the time of initial surgical resection (hazard ratio=0.86 [95% CI, 0.75–0.99]; P =0.031). Conclusions: There is a high rate of recurrence of apparently cured brain AVMs in children who initially present with AVM rupture. Imaging follow-up is warranted to prevent re-rupture.

Interim follow up results from a phase II study of neoadjuvant chemoembolization of resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) with transcatheter hepatic therapy with irinotecan-eluting beads.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 519-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Peter Jones ◽  
Hassan Zakria Malik ◽  
Stephen W Fenwick ◽  
Monica Terlizzo ◽  
Elizabeth O'Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Pathologic Response ◽  
Peritoneal Disease ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Hepatic Recurrence

519 Background: 65% of patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM experience disease recurrence within 3 years. Perioperative chemotherapy improves 3-year progression free survival, and good pathologic response is associated with improved overall survival. However, systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases operative morbidity. DEBIRI gives sustained delivery of drug directly to tumor, maximising response and reducing systemic exposure. This study examined the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of patients treated with neoadjuvant DEBIRI before resection. Methods: Patients with resectable CRLM received single targeted DEBIRI (up to 200mg) 1 month pre-hepatectomy. Primary end-point: tumor resectability, secondary end-points: safety, pathologic response, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: DEBIRI performed in 40 patients. Post-TACE complications: 1 acute pancreatitis (3%); 4 post-embolization syndromes (10%). 38 patients underwent hepatectomy (2 peritoneal disease, resectability rate 95%). 30-day operative mortality 5% (n=2), neither death TACE related (1 intraoperative pneumomediastinum, 1 aspiration pneumonia). Both operative deaths excluded from follow up analysis. 63 lesions (median 2 per patient) targeted with DEBIRI. Histology: no residual disease 17%; 1-49% residual disease 59%; >50% residual disease 22%; no response 2%. Median follow up 293 days. Fourteen patients (36%) had disease recurrence, median DFS 387 days (95% CI 276-498). Eight (57%) had hepatic recurrence, 2 (14%) had pulmonary recurrence and 4 (29%) had both pulmonary and hepatic recurrence. One patient died of hepatic and pulmonary recurrence after 565 days. Conclusions: Resection after neoadjuvant DEBIRI for CRLM demonstrated a good safety profile in this study population. Single DEBIRI treatment resulted in impressive pathologic response, with patterns of recurrence comparable to reported series of resection alone. Further trials assessing combination DEBIRI and systemic chemotherapy are necessary. Clinical trial information: NCT00844233.

Comparison of long-term outcome between endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgical resection for early gastric cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Boo Gyeong Kim ◽  
Byung-Wook Kim ◽  
Joon Sung Kim ◽  
Sung Min Park ◽  
Keun Joon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Resection Group ◽  
Disease Free

144 Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term clinical and oncologic outcome of ESD for differentiated EGC of an expanded indication compared to surgical resection. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed in patients who underwent ESD or surgical resection for EGC of an expanded indication from 2006 and 2008 in Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, and St. Paul’s Hospital. First arm study was performed according to pre-ESD diagnosis including pathologic diagnosis and endoscopic findings. Second arm study was obtained from post-ESD final pathologic result. All the patients were checked with endoscopy and stomach CT regularly at least 5 years. Clinical outcomes, disease free survival and overall survival were compared between the ESD group and surgical resection group in each arm. Results: In first arm study, 41 patients who received ESD and 106 patients who received surgical resection were enrolled. Metachronous recur was found in 4 patients among ESD group and in 2 patients among surgical resection group during the follow up period. There was no local recurrence in both groups. The disease free survival was not different between the two groups (ESD vs surgical resection; 87.8 vs 95.3%, p=0.291). The 5-year overall survival rate was 100% in both groups. In second arm study, 74 patients who received ESD and 165 patients who received surgical resection were enrolled. Metachronous recur was found in 5 patients among ESD group and in 2 patients among surgical resection group during the follow up period. Local recurrence did not occur in both groups. Surgical resection group was superior to ESD group in disease free survival (97.6% vs 87.6%, p=0.002). The 5-year overall survival rate was 100% in both groups. Conclusions: ESD for EGC might be acceptable considering the overall survival rates. However, intensive surveillance should be performed to find the metachronous recur after ESD.

Cost of surveillance imaging in head and neck cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6610-6610
Author(s):  
Sweet Ping Ng ◽  
Mona K Jomaa ◽  
Courtney Pollard ◽  
Zeina Ayoub ◽  
Abdallah Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Finding ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Surveillance Imaging ◽  
The Cost

6610 Background: The goal of surveillance is to detect potentially salvageable recurrence, allowing early salvage treatment and thereby improving clinical outcomes. Currently, there is limited data on the optimal frequency of imaging for head and neck cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of surveillance imaging in this group of patients. Methods: Eligible patients included those with a demonstrable disease free interval (≥ 1 follow up scan without evidence of disease and a subsequent visit/scan) treated between 2000-2010. Age, tumor site and stage, induction chemotherapy use, dose/ fractionation, mode of detection of recurrence, salvage therapy, number and modality of scans were recorded. Deaths from disease recurrence or from other causes were also recorded. Imaging costs were calculated based on the 2016 Medicare fee schedule. Results: 1508 patients were included. Mean age was 55.8 years (range: 17-87). Median overall survival was 99 months (range: 6-199). Mean imaging follow up period was 70 months. 190 (12.6%) patients had disease recurrence – 107 locoregional (LR) and 83 distant. 119 (62.6%) of the relapsed group were symptomatic and/or had an adverse clinical finding associated with recurrence. 80.4% of LR relapses presented with a clinical finding, while 60.2% of distant relapses were detected via imaging alone in asymptomatic patients. There was no difference between the successful salvage rates and overall survival between those with relapses detected clinically or via imaging alone. 70% of relapses occurred within the first 2 years post-treatment. In those who relapsed after 2 years, the median time to relapse was 51 months (2 LR and 11 distant relapses). After 2 years, the average cost for detecting a salvageable recurrence for image-detected group was $741 447.41, and the cost for preventing 1 recurrence-related death for image-detected disease was $889 736.89. The number of scans required to detect a salvageable recurrence in an asymptomatic patient after 2 years was 3512. Conclusions: Surveillance imaging in asymptomatic patients without clinically suspicious findings beyond 2 years requires judicious consideration.

scholarly journals The Ratio of Free Fatty Acids (Ffas) Divided By High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Is A Promising Pre-Treatment Biomarker For Predicting Worse Overall Survival (OS) of Neuroendocrine Tumours (Nets) In The Colorectum: A Retrospective Study.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Pingli Yu ◽  
Haobo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Tumour Grade

Abstract Background: free fatty acids (FFAs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with various malignancy. However, whether FFA, HDL-C and FFA/HDL-C can play a potiential role in predicting patients with colorectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) was unclear. Meanwhile, FFA/HDL-C has a superior prognosis ability was unknown, too.Methods: One hundred patients with pathologically diagnosed colorectal NETs in 2011-2017 were enrolled, and the levels of FFA, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between colorectal NET patients and healthy controls matched by age and sex were compared. In addition, the association of clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data with FFA, HDL-C and FFA/HDL-C was analysed.Results: FFA was overexpressed (0.55±0.23 vs. 0.48±0.11, P= 0.006), and HDL-C was underexpressed (1.31±0.41 vs. 1.41±0.29, P=0.046) in colorectal NETs. FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L predicted lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P=0.015), HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted tumour size ≥2 cm (P=0.017), and FFA/HDL-C>0.75 predicted tumour grade (P=0.030), LNM (P=0.014), and tumour size(P=0.018). No significant association was found between FFA and tumour grade (P=0.613) or HDL-C and tumour grade (P=0.594) or FFA and tumour size (P=0.142) or HDL-C and LNM (P=0.443). FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L (P=0.014) and HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted worse overall survival (OS) (P=0.019). FFA/HDL-C predicted an even worse prognosis in terms of OS (P<0.001).Conclusion: FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L and FFA/HDL-C>0.75 were promising cut-off values in predicting LNM, tumour size and worse OS in colorectal NETs.

Recurrence rates and long-term survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 and younger.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 70-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Buckley ◽  
S. Coopey ◽  
S. Samphao ◽  
M. C. Specht ◽  
K. S. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Breast Conservation ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

70 Background: Young age at diagnosis of breast cancer has been reported to be an independent risk factor for disease recurrence. However, there is little data on long term survival of young patients. We present long term follow up of a large cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 and younger. We determined rates of loco-regional recurrence (LRR), distant recurrence, and overall survival and adjusted for the patient and tumor characteristics which potentially predict outcomes. Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval, data from the medical records of 628 women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 or younger between 1996 and 2008 were collected. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: Median age was 37 years (range: 21-40) and median follow-up was 72 months (range: 5-177). The rates of LRR as a first site of recurrence were 5.56% at 5 years and 12.11% at 10 years. In the entire population, with median follow-up of 72 months, there was no difference in the rates of loco-regional failure between patients who underwent breast conserving therapy (7.34%) compared to mastectomy (7.40%) (p=0.980). The rates of distant recurrence as a first event were 10.65% at 5 years and 14.58% at 10 years. Overall survival was 93.1% at 5 years and 87.26% at 10 years. 79.1% of patients received systemic therapy. For patients who developed disease recurrence, either LRR or distant, median time to first recurrence was 35 months (range: 3-167). Conclusions: Women aged 40 and younger at diagnosis of breast cancer have a good prognosis, with low overall recurrence rates at 5 and 10 years. Local recurrence in our cohort is lower than in prior studies, suggesting advances in therapy have made breast conservation a safe option in young breast cancer patients.

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