scholarly journals A Review of the Desulfurization Processes Used for Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nobi Hossain ◽  
Myung Kyu Choi ◽  
Hang Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

The increasing global population and the rapid industrial development associated therewith have increased the demand for fossil-derived fuel oils. The sources of fossil fuels are limited, and many studies have been being conducted to find alternative fuel sources. Waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) attracts considerable attention as an alternative fuel because its properties are similar to those of diesel oil. However, WTPO has a high sulfur content of >1.0 wt%, which is above the environmental standard limit of 0.1 wt%; therefore, it cannot be used in engines directly. It is thus highly necessary to remove sulfur compounds from tire-derived oils. However, finding an appropriate and environmentally friendly process is proving difficult. This review article presents the various desulfurization methods used to removal sulfur from WTPO, such as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD), and acid treatment. Of these, HDS is the most expensive as it involves high consumption of hydrogen, high temperature (~450 °C), and high pressure (~200 bar), whereas UAOD is an efficient and economic method of reducing the sulfur content of WTPO.

scholarly journals Oxidative Desulfurization of Tire Pyrolysis Oil over Molybdenum Heteropolyacid Loaded Mesoporous Catalysts

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-472
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kaur ◽  
Sundaramurthy Vedachalam ◽  
Philip Boahene ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
X Ray

Pyrolysis oil derived from waste tires consists of sulfur content in the range of 7000 to 9000 ppm. For use in diesel engines, its sulfur content must be lowered to 10 to 15 ppm. Though conventional hydrodesulfurization is suitable for the removal of sulfur from tire pyrolysis oil, its high cost provides an avenue for alternative desulfurization technologies to be explored. In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), a low-cost technology, was explored for the desulfurization of tire pyrolysis oil. Two categories of titanium-incorporated mesoporous supports with 20 wt% loaded heteropoly molybdic acid catalyst (HPMo/Ti-Al2O3 and HPMo/Ti-TUD-1) were developed and tested for ODS of tire pyrolysis oil at mild process conditions. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET-N2 physisorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The incorporation of Ti into Al2O3 and TUD-1 frameworks was confirmed by XPS. The surface acidity of catalysts was studied by the temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and pyridine FTIR analyses. HPMo/Ti-Al2O3 and HPMo/Ti-TUD-1 catalysts contained both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. The presence of titanium in catalysts was found to promote the ODS activity of phosphomolybdic acid. The Ti-TUD-1-supported catalysts performed better than the Ti-Al2O3-supported catalysts for the ODS of tire pyrolysis oil. Hydrogen peroxide and cumene peroxide were found to be better oxidants than tert-butyl hydroperoxide for oxidizing sulfur compounds of tire pyrolysis oil. Process parameter optimization by the design of experiments was conducted with an optimal catalyst along with the catalyst regeneration study. An ANOVA statistical analysis demonstrated that the oxidant/sulfur and catalyst/oil ratios were more significant than the reaction temperature for the ODS of tire pyrolysis oil. It followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics over HPMo/Ti-TUD-1.

scholarly journals Combustion of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil in Steam-Atomizing Burner and Its Application for Pyrolysis Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

In recent years, there has been growing interest in alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. One of them is plastic pyrolysis oil (ppo) that converted from plastic waste by the pyrolysis process. The oil could be used as a fuel for combustion process in some industries. The performance of ppo combustion in steam-atomizing burner was investigated to determine the feasibility of diesel oil displacing in pyrolysis process heating. A prototype steam-atomizing burner was installed to burn plastic pyrolysis oil, with variable 3, 6, and 9 bar steam pressure, to pyrolyze 10 kg/batch low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste in a batch reactor. The pyrolysis process was maintained at 3500C along 2 hours at atmospheric condition. The flame temperature, the length of flame, fuel consumption, heating rate, and pyrolysis yield was observed along the process. The experiment shows that the increase of steam pressure will increase all parameters. The most optimum condition is plastic pyrolysis oil combustion using steam-atomizing burner at 9 bar steam pressure, which consumes 28 litre of fuel and yields 57% of pyrolysis oil.

scholarly journals Oxidative Desulfurization of Heavy Oils with High Sulfur Content: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Houda ◽  
Christine Lancelot ◽  
Pascal Blanchard ◽  
Line Poinel ◽  
Carole Lamonier
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
High Sulfur Content ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ultrasound Technology ◽  
Hydrodesulfurization Process

The demand for clean fuels is increasing throughout the world, with more stringent environmental regulations for transportation fuels including marine fuels, particularly regarding their sulfur content. Moreover, the quality of crude oil and derived petroleum cuts is getting lower while fossil fuels are still in high demand. Heavy oils are characterized by high sulfur content where most sulfur is found in bulky thiophenic structures difficult to remove using conventional high pressure hydrodesulfurization process. However they appeared more reactive in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, carried out at mild conditions without hydrogen pressure. This review focuses for the first time on the heavy fuels initially containing more than 0.5 wt.%S and upgraded by the ODS process. Different attractive approaches of the literature towards ODS are reported using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Recent developments in ODS assisted with ultrasound technology and the use of ionic liquid to enhance ODS efficiency will be fully detailed and discussed to better understand their viability when applied to high sulfur content, high viscosity, and high boiling point feeds.

scholarly journals Purifying of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil Using an S-ZrO2/SBA-15-H2O2 Catalytic Oxidation Method

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nobi Hossain ◽  
Myung Kyu Choi ◽  
Hoon Chae Park ◽  
Hang Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Waste Tire

Heavy fuel oils contain a high amount of sulfur. In this work, an extent amount of sulfur content waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) was used as a fuel feedstock. A promising alternative oxidative desulfurization (ODS) method was applied in sulfur removal from WTPO using a S-ZrO2/SBA-15 solid acid catalyst, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant and acetonitrile as an extracting solvent at varied conditions. The prepared catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Bruanuer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The influence of reaction parameters such as reaction time (30-60 min), catalyst loading (0.5–1.5 wt.%), oxidant to oil mole ratio (5–15) at fixed reaction temperature 70 °C on desulfurization of WTPO were investigated. Taguchi method was selected to design the experiment for optimizing the reaction parameters by maximizing the sulfur removal efficiency. The maximum desulfurization efficiency 59.49% was obtained under optimum conditions reaction time (60 min), catalyst loading (1.0 wt.%) and oxidant to sulfur mole ratio (10:1). A catalytic S-ZrO2/SBA-15 -H2O2 oxidation system for oxidative desulfurization of waste tire pyrolysis oil using at mild reaction conditions was developed.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3214
Author(s):  
Haseeb Yaqoob ◽  
Yew Heng Teoh ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Jamil ◽  
Daniyal Murtaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Fuel Technology

Energy is essential for the nature of life and the development of countries. The main demand for the 21st century is to fulfill growing energy needs. Pakistan, through the use of fossil fuels, meets energy demands. There is pressure on the economy of the country due to the massive reliance on fossil fuels, and this tendency is influenced by various environmental impacts. To overcome the burden on fossil fuels, more attention has been drawn to provide fossil fuel substitution. Tire pyrolysis is among the effective substitutes of the fuel technology that generates useful products of liquid oil, char, and pyro gas. This research focuses on the environmental, social, and economic viability of tire pyrolysis oil in Pakistan. This study estimates the production and potential of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) in Pakistan. Based on the calculations, the potential of tire pyrolysis oil production in Pakistan from 2015–2019 is 468,081 to 548,406 tons. The potential production of TPO in 2018–2019 was ~8.30% of the total import (6.6 million tons) of crude oil. Therefore, tire pyrolysis oil is considered an alternative fuel representing an economic and environmentally viability solution for Pakistan.

scholarly journals Emissions of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and hydrous ethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
José Fernando Schlosser ◽  
Javier Solis Estrada ◽  
Gismael Francisco Perin ◽  
Alfran Tellechea Martini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
K Value ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol

The growing global demand of energy, the decrease of petroleum reserves and the current of environmental contamination problems, make it imperative to study renewable energy sources for use in internal combustion engines, in order to decrease the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce emissions of pollutant gases. This study aimed to evaluate the emissions of a diesel-cycle engine of an agricultural tractor that uses diesel S500 (B5) mixed with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% of hydrous ethanol. It determined emissions of CO2 (ppm), NOx (ppm), and opacity (k value) of gases. A standard procedure was applied considering eight operating modes (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8) by breaking with an electric dynamometer in a laboratory. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 60 replicates and a 6 x 8 factorial design. Greater opacity and gas emissions were observed when the engine operated with 3% ethanol, while lower emissions occurred with 12 and 15%. With these fuels, the reduction of opacity, CO2, and NOx, in relation to diesel oil, was 24.49 and 26.53%, 4.96 and 5.15%, and 6.59 and 9.70%, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of 12 and 15% ethanol in diesel oil significantly reduces engine emissions.

On the distillation of waste tire pyrolysis oil: A structural characterization of the derived fractions

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 120041
Author(s):  
Felipe Campuzano ◽  
Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Abdul-Hamid Emwas ◽  
Andrés F. Agudelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Tire

Ultrasound-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel in H2O2/Heteropoly Acid/Solvent System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Xian Yu ◽  
Qian Zhong ◽  
Mei Jin ◽  
Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Heteropoly Acid ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAODS) of diesel fuel in H2O2/Heteropoly acid/Solvent systems, was investigated. Effects of solvent, catalyst, ultrasound and reaction temperature on the oxidation desulfurization of diesel fuel were investigated. When MPA/oil was 2%wt, methanol/diesel fuel was 20%wt, ultrasound power was 400 W and ultrasound time was 10 min, the sulfur content of diesel fuel was decreased from 211 ppm to 19 ppm. The use of ultrasonic irradiation in H2O2/Heteropoly acid/Solvent system significantly improved the efficiency of the oxidation reaction, and solvent was helpful to make the oxidative reaction happen in the same one phase.

Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization (ODS) of Commercial Diesel with TBHP under Mild Conditions Catalyzed by Polymolybdates Supported on Al2O3

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah ◽  
Rusmidah Ali ◽  
Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide

Due to the low specifications for sulfur content in diesel, a lot of research work are been conducted to develop alternative method for desulfurization. Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Cat-ODS) has been found to be an alternative method to replace a conventional method which is hydrodesulfurization.New catalyst formulation using tert-butyl hydroperoxide polymolybdate based catalyst system was investigated in this research utilizing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent for extraction. A series of polymolybdate supported alumina catalysts were prepared using wet impregnation method, ageing at ambient room temperature for 24 hours and followed by calcination process. A commercial diesel with 440 ppmw of total sulfur was employed to evaluate the elimination of sulfur compounds. Besides, the percentage of sulfur removal was measured by gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). The sulfur content in commercial diesel was successfully reduced from 440 ppmw to 35 ppmw under mild condition followed by solvent extraction. From catalytic testing, Mo-Al2O3 calcined at 500°C was revealed as the most potential catalyst which gave 92% of sulfur removal.

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