scholarly journals Sub-Pilot-Scale Autocatalytic Pyrolysis of Wastewater Biosolids for Enhanced Energy Recovery

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongzhe Liu ◽  
Simcha Singer ◽  
Daniel Zitomer ◽  
Patrick McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mixing Condition ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Readiness Level

Improving onsite energy generation and recovering value-added products are common goals for sustainable used water reclamation. A new process called autocatalytic pyrolysis was developed at bench scale in our previous work by using biochar produced from the biosolids pyrolysis process itself as the catalyst to enhance energy recovery from wastewater biosolids. The large-scale investigation of this process was used to increase the technical readiness level. A sub-pilot-scale catalytic pyrolytic system was constructed for this scaled-up study. The effects of configuration changes in both pyrolytic and catalytic reactors were investigated as well as the effect of vapor-catalyst contact types (i.e., downstream, in-situ) on product yield and quality. The sub-pilot-scale test with downstream catalysis resulted in higher py-gas yields and lower bio-oil yields when compared to results from a previous batch, bench-scale process. In particular, the py-gas yields increased 2.5-fold and the energy contained in the py-gas approximately quadrupled compared to the control test without autocatalysis. Biochar addition to the feed biosolids before pyrolysis (in-situ catalysis) resulted in increased py-gas production, but the increase was limited. It was expected that using a higher input pyrolyzer with a better mixing condition would further improve the py-gas yield.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Djordje Mitrovic ◽  
Miguel Crespo Chacón ◽  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Scale Assessment

Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTEWATER FROM BROWN COAL PROCESSING ¬ A REMEDIATION CASE STUDY IN GERMANY

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Wiessner ◽  
Jochen A. Müller ◽  
Peter Kuschk ◽  
Uwe Kappelmeyer ◽  
Matthias Kästner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Term Monitoring

The large scale of the contamination by the former carbo-chemical industry in Germany requires new and often interdisciplinary approaches for performing an economically sustainable remediation. For example, a highly toxic and dark-colored phenolic wastewater from a lignite pyrolysis factory was filled into a former open-cast pit, forming a large wastewater disposal pond. This caused an extensive environmental pollution, calling for an ecologically and economically acceptable strategy for remediation. Laboratory-scale investigations and pilot-scale tests were carried out. The result was the development of a strategy for an implementation of full-scale enhanced in situ natural attenuation on the basis of separate habitats in a meromictic pond. Long-term monitoring of the chemical and biological dynamics of the pond demonstrates the metamorphosis of a former highly polluted industrial waste deposition into a nature-integrated ecosystem with reduced danger for the environment, and confirmed the strategy for the chosen remediation management.

AI4GEO: An automatic 3D geospatial information capability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Baillarin ◽  
Pierre-Marie Brunet ◽  
Pierre Lassalle ◽  
Gwenael Souille ◽  
Laurent Gabet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Big Data Technologies

<p>The availability of <strong>3D Geospatial information</strong> is a key stake for many expanding sectors such as autonomous vehicles, business intelligence and urban planning.</p><p>The availability of huge volumes of satellite, airborne and in-situ data now makes this production feasible on a large scale. It needs nonetheless a certain level of skilled manual intervention to secure a certain level of quality, which prevents mass production.</p><p>New artificial intelligence and big data technologies <strong>are key in lifting these obstacles. </strong></p><p>The AI4GEO project aims at developing an automatic solution for producing 3D geospatial information and offer new value-added services leveraging innovative methods adapted to 3D imagery.</p><p>The AI4GEO consortium consists of <strong>institutional partners </strong>(CNES, IGN, ONERA)<strong> and industrial groups</strong> (CS-SI, AIRBUS, CLS, GEOSAT, QWANT, QUANTCUBE) covering the whole value chain of Geospatial Information.</p><p>With a 4 years’ timeline, the project is structured around 2 R&D axes which will progress simultaneously and feed each other.</p><p>The first axis consists in <strong>developing a set of technological bricks allowing the automatic production of qualified 3D maps composed of 3D objects and associated semantics</strong>. This <strong>collaborative work</strong> benefits from the latest research from all partners in the field of AI and Big Data technologies as well as from an <strong>unprecedented database</strong> (satellite and airborne data (optics, radars, lidars) combined with cartographic and in-situ data).</p><p>The second axis consists in deriving from these technological bricks <strong>a variety of services for different fields</strong>: 3D semantic mapping of cities, macroeconomic indicators, decision support for water management, autonomous transport, consumer search engine.</p><p>Started in 2019, the first axis of the project has already produced very promising results. A first version of the platform and technological bricks are now available.</p><p>This paper will first introduce AI4GEO initiative: context and overall objectives.</p><p>It will then present the current status of the project and in particular it will focus on the innovative approach to handle big 3D datasets for analytics needs and it will present the first results of 3D semantic segmentations on various test sites and associated perspectives.</p>

scholarly journals A Two-Step Process for Conversion of Cellulose to γ-Valerolactone over Raney Ni Catalyst Using H2O as a Hydrogen Source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Guo ◽  
Zhuang Ma ◽  
Binbin Jin ◽  
Guodong Yao ◽  
Jia Duo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Raney Ni

Valorization of biomass to value-added platform compounds shows great potential to relieve the pressure on fossil energy consumption. Gamma (γ)-valerolactone (GVL) is a sustainable liquid for energy and carbon-based chemicals. Despite the numerous researches of investigation regarding the GVL synthesis from carbohydrate biomass, most of them involve the use of precious metals accompanying with the high-purity and high-pressure hydrogen, facing high cost in large-scale application and safety risk during the transportation and operation process. In this work, the cheap metal Fe was employed as a reductant for splitting water to produce hydrogen, and Raney Ni was used as a catalyst for in situ hydrogenation of obtained levulinic acid (LA) which is a key hydrolysate of cellulose to GVL. Cellulose was initially hydrolyzed to LA and then reduced to GVL without separation of other hydrolyzed intermediates of cellulose in one pot. The effect of reaction parameters on the yield of LA and GVL were studied for obtaining the optimal conditions. A 61.9 % yield of GVL from cellulose was achieved at mild hydrothermal conditions. This study provides an efficient approach for direct conversion of carbohydrate biomass to GVL with safe and abundant water as hydrogen source.

scholarly journals A Two-Step Process for Conversion of Cellulose to γ-Valerolactone over Raney Ni Catalyst Using H2O as a Hydrogen Source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Guo ◽  
Zhuang Ma ◽  
Binbin Jin ◽  
Guodong Yao ◽  
Jia Duo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Raney Ni

Valorization of biomass to value-added platform compounds shows great potential to relieve the pressure on fossil energy consumption. Gamma (γ)-valerolactone (GVL) is a sustainable liquid for energy and carbon-based chemicals. Despite the numerous researches of investigation regarding the GVL synthesis from carbohydrate biomass, most of them involve the use of precious metals accompanying with the high-purity and high-pressure hydrogen, facing high cost in large-scale application and safety risk during the transportation and operation process. In this work, the cheap metal Fe was employed as a reductant for splitting water to produce hydrogen, and Raney Ni was used as a catalyst for in situ hydrogenation of obtained levulinic acid (LA) which is a key hydrolysate of cellulose to GVL. Cellulose was initially hydrolyzed to LA and then reduced to GVL without separation of other hydrolyzed intermediates of cellulose in one pot. The effect of reaction parameters on the yield of LA and GVL were studied for obtaining the optimal conditions. A 61.9 % yield of GVL from cellulose was achieved at mild hydrothermal conditions. This study provides an efficient approach for direct conversion of carbohydrate biomass to GVL with safe and abundant water as hydrogen source.

scholarly journals Development of Oil and Gas Projects Based on the Cluster Approach on the Example of the Irkutsk Oil Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chalikova-Uhanova ◽  
Alexey Samarukha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Gas Clusters ◽  
Oil Company

Currently, world experience in oil and gas production shows that long-term economic impact of the industry can only be achieved if high value-added production capacity is established. The article analyzed the role of oil and gas industry worldwide and in Russia, noting relatively low level of hydrocarbon processing in Russia. The article analyzed international experience of various forms of state participation in creation and support of oil and gas clusters. Main trends in the development of gas and chemical industry abroad have been identified. We analyzed the current strategy for the development of chemical and petrochemical complex up to 2030. The conclusion is made about the need for state support for large-scale projects to create clusters in the field of oil and gas production and refining. The article described main stages of the project to create an oil and gas cluster in the Irkutsk Region - a gas project of the Irkutsk Oil Company.

Design of In Situ Fenton Oxidation Based on the Integration of Experimental and Numerical Modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Baciocchi ◽  
Cesare Ciotti ◽  
Giacomo Cleriti ◽  
Ivan Innocenti ◽  
Alessandro Nardella
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition

AbstractCriteria for the design of In-Situ Fenton Oxidation (ISFO) is proposed and applied to the development of a pilot-scale treatment of a former refinery site contaminated by hydrocarbons. The proposed criteria takes in account both the regulatory and technical constraints that typically characterize the application of in situ remediation technologies. The proposed design strategy of the ISFO treatment is based on coupling experimental and numerical modelling of the ISFO treatment in an iterative way. Batch tests are performed first, allowing to select the optimal operating conditions and the data on hydrogen peroxide decomposition kinetics. These data, together with the hydro-geological information collected in the field, are then used for the numerical modelling of the ISFO treatment, which allows to define the pilot plant layout and operating conditions and to evaluate the effective delivery of the oxidant and the hydraulic gradient developed in the field. These data are then used to design column scale tests aimed to evaluate the effective hydrogen peroxide longevity, the process performance and the extent of gas production from hydrogen peroxide decomposition.

On-site and in situ bioremediation of wood-preservative contaminated groundwater

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Puhakka ◽  
K.T. Järvinen ◽  
J.H. Langwaldt ◽  
E.S. Melin ◽  
M.K. Männistö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Temperature ◽  
In Situ Bioremediation ◽  
Contaminated Aquifer ◽  
Fluidized Bed Process

This paper reviews ten years of research on on-site and in situ bioremediation of chlorophenol contaminated groundwater. Laboratory experiments on the development of a high-rate, fluidized-bed process resulted in a full-scale, pump-and-treat application which has operated for several years. The system operates at ambient groundwater temperature of 7 to 9°C at 2.7 d hydraulic retention time and chlorophenol removal efficiencies of 98.5 to 99.9%. The microbial ecology studies of the contaminated aquifer revealed a diverse chlorophenol-degrading community. In situ biodegradation of chlorophenols is controlled by oxygen availability, only. Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments showed the potential for in situ aquifer bioremediation with iron oxidation and precipitation as a potential problem.

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