scholarly journals In Vitro Human Joint Models Combining Advanced 3D Cell Culture and Cutting-Edge 3D Bioprinting Technologies

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Christian Jorgensen ◽  
Matthieu Simon
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Diarthrodial Joint

Joint-on-a-chip is a new technology able to replicate the joint functions into microscale systems close to pathophysiological conditions. Recent advances in 3D printing techniques allow the precise control of the architecture of the cellular compartments (including chondrocytes, stromal cells, osteocytes and synoviocytes). These tools integrate fluid circulation, the delivery of growth factors, physical stimulation including oxygen level, external pressure, and mobility. All of these structures must be able to mimic the specific functions of the diarthrodial joint: mobility, biomechanical aspects and cellular interactions. All the elements must be grouped together in space and reorganized in a manner close to the joint organ. This will allow the study of rheumatic disease physiopathology, the development of biomarkers and the screening of new drugs.

scholarly journals A Modular Toolkit to Fabricate Microfluidic Devices for 3D Cell Culture and Near Real-time Measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giraso Kabandana ◽  
Adam Michael Ratajczak ◽  
Chengpeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures ◽  
Scoring Tools

Microfluidic technology has tremendously facilitated the development of in vitro cell cultures and studies. Conventionally, microfluidic devices are fabricated with extensive facilities by well-trained researchers, which hinders the widespread adoption of the technology for broader applications. Enlightened by the fact that low-cost microbore tubing is a natural microfluidic channel, we developed a series of adaptors in a toolkit that can twine, connect, organize, and configure the tubing to produce functional microfluidic units. Three subsets of the toolkit were thoroughly developed: the tubing and scoring tools, the flow adaptors, and the 3D cell culture suite. To demonstrate the usefulness and versatility of the toolkit, we assembled a microfluidic device and successfully applied it for 3D macrophage cultures, flow-based stimulation, and automated near real-time quantitation with new knowledge generated. Overall, we present a new technology that allows simple, fast, and robust assembly of customizable and scalable microfluidic devices with minimal facilities, which is broadly applicable to research that needs or could be enhanced by microfluidics.

scholarly journals Advancements and Potential Applications of Microfluidic Approaches—A Review

Chemosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishtiaq Ahmed ◽  
Zain Akram ◽  
Mohammed Bule ◽  
Hafiz Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Cellular Microenvironment ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Microfluidic Technology ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Micro Level

A micro-level technique so-called “microfluidic technology or simply microfluidic” has gained a special place as a powerful tool in bioengineering and biomedical engineering research due to its core advantages in modern science and engineering. Microfluidic technology has played a substantial role in numerous applications with special reference to bioscience, biomedical and biotechnological research. It has facilitated noteworthy development in various sectors of bio-research and upsurges the efficacy of research at the molecular level, in recent years. Microfluidic technology can manipulate sample volumes with precise control outside cellular microenvironment, at micro-level. Thus, enable the reduction of discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro environments and reduce the overall reaction time and cost. In this review, we discuss various integrations of microfluidic technologies into biotechnology and its paradigmatic significance in bio-research, supporting mechanical and chemical in vitro cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, specific innovations related to the application of microfluidics to advance microbial life, solitary and co-cultures along with a multiple-type cell culturing, cellular communications, cellular interactions, and population dynamics are also discussed.

scholarly journals Gelatin-Coated Microfluidic Channels for 3D Microtissue Formation: On-Chip Production and Characterization

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pitingolo ◽  
Antoine Riaud ◽  
Claudio Nastruzzi ◽  
Valerie Taly
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gelatin Coating

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models are limited in their ability to reproduce human structures and functions. On the contrary, three-dimensional (3D) microtissues have the potential to permit the development of new cell-based assays as advanced in vitro models to test new drugs. Here, we report the use of a dehydrated gelatin film to promote tumor cells aggregation and 3D microtissue formation. The simple and stable gelatin coating represents an alternative to conventional and expensive materials like type I collagen, hyaluronic acid, or matrigel. The gelatin coating is biocompatible with several culture formats including microfluidic chips, as well as standard micro-well plates. It also enables long-term 3D cell culture and in situ monitoring of live/dead assays.

Cellular microfluidic technologies for biomodeling of pathological processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
А.Н. Мыльникова ◽  
Д.В. Колесов ◽  
А.А. Московцев ◽  
А.А. Соколовская ◽  
В.А. Юркив ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Miniature Device

Стремительный технический прогресс способствует появлению все новых подходов в клеточной биологии, одним из них является клеточная микрофлюидика. Применение технологий микрофлюидики открыло новые возможности по культивированию, прецизионному анализу и манипулированию как популяциями клеток, так и отдельными клетками. Основой новой технологии является микрофлюидный чип - миниатюрное устройство, содержащее систему микро- и наноканалов, полостей, мембран и других элементов. Возможность прецизионного управления пространственным расположением клеток и их микроокружением предоставляет уникальные и беспрецедентные возможности для биомоделирования in vitro фунциональных элементов органов и тканей. В данном обзоре приведены примеры построения и применения таких трехмерных микрофлюидных клеточных моделей для анализа протекающих в них физиологических и патологических процессов. Особое внимание уделено влиянию клеточного микроокружения клетки на её функционирование. Significant technological progress has brought new approaches to cell biology. Using microfluidic technologies has opened new opportunities for cultivation, analysis, and manipulation of both individual cells and their populations. The basis of the new technology is a microfluidic chip, a miniature device containing a system of micro- and nanochannels, cavities, membranes, and other elements. The precise control of spatial arrangement of cells and their microenvironment opens new prospects for in vitro biomodeling of functional elements of organs and tissues. This review shows examples for construction and application of such three-dimensional microfluidic cellular models for analysis of physiological and pathological processes. Particular attention is paid to the influence of cellular microenvironment on cell functioning.

scholarly journals A Modular Toolkit to Fabricate Microfluidic Devices for 3D Cell Culture and Near Real-time Measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giraso Kabandana ◽  
Adam Michael Ratajczak ◽  
Chengpeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures ◽  
Scoring Tools

Microfluidic technology has tremendously facilitated the development of in vitro cell cultures and studies. Conventionally, microfluidic devices are fabricated with extensive facilities by well-trained researchers, which hinders the widespread adoption of the technology for broader applications. Enlightened by the fact that low-cost microbore tubing is a natural microfluidic channel, we developed a series of adaptors in a toolkit that can twine, connect, organize, and configure the tubing to produce functional microfluidic units. Three subsets of the toolkit were thoroughly developed: the tubing and scoring tools, the flow adaptors, and the 3D cell culture suite. To demonstrate the usefulness and versatility of the toolkit, we assembled a microfluidic device and successfully applied it for 3D macrophage cultures, flow-based stimulation, and automated near real-time quantitation with new knowledge generated. Overall, we present a new technology that allows simple, fast, and robust assembly of customizable and scalable microfluidic devices with minimal facilities, which is broadly applicable to research that needs or could be enhanced by microfluidics.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

Pharmacokinetics and Haemostatic Status During Consecutive Infusions of Recom binant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Seifried ◽  
P Tanswell ◽  
D Ellbrück ◽  
W Haerer ◽  
A Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Peak Plasma Concentration ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator

SummaryPharmacokinetics and systemic effects of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were determined during coronary thrombolysis in 12 acute myocardial infarction patients using a consecutive intravenous infusion regimen. Ten mg rt-PA were infused in 2 minutes resulting in a peak plasma concentration (mean ±SD) of 3310±950 ng/ml, followed by 50 mg in 1 h and 30 mg in 1.5 h yielding steady state plasma levels of. 2210±470 nglml and 930±200 ng/ml, respectively. All patients received intravenous heparin. Total clearance of rt-PA was 380±74 ml/min, t,½α was 3.6±0.9 min and t,½β was 16±5.4 min.After 90 min, in plasma samples containing anti-rt-PA-IgG to inhibit in vitro effects, fibrinogen was decreased to 54%, plasminogen to 52%, α2-antiplasmin to 25%, α2-macroglobulin to 90% and antithrombin III to 85% of initial values. Coagulation times were prolonged and fibrin D-dimer concentrations increased from 0.40 to 2.7 μg/ml. It is concluded that pharmacokinetics of rt-PA show low interpatient variability and that its short mean residence time in plasma allows precise control of therapy. Apart from its moderate effect on the haemostatic system, rt-PA appears to lyse a fibrin pool in addition to the coronary thrombus.

Chimeric antigen receptor T in the treatment of multiple myeloma – state of the art and future directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Dominik Dytfeld
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Adoptive Cellular Therapy ◽  
B Cell Maturation ◽  
Complexity Cost

AbstractIn spite of the introduction of several new drugs in the last 10 years, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. Thus, an adoptive cellular therapy using chimeric antigen receptor T (CART), a strategy to increase the frequency of tumor-directed and functionally active T cells targeting antigens present on the cancer cell, might change the treatment in MM as it did in lymphoma and ALL. There are several targets for CART therapy in MM on different levels of development, which are discussed in the manuscript. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) being tested in the studies of phase 1–2 is the most promising, but so far CART has not been approved in the cure of MM and remains an experimental approach. The hematological society is facing a new technology which with its potential ability to cure MM, in spite of its complexity, cost, and toxicity, will definitely and soon change the landscape of myeloma in Europe and world-wide.

Natural Anti-inflammatory compounds as Drug candidates in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Abdul Jalil Shah ◽  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Faheem Hyder Potoo ◽  
Mohd. Akbar Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by memory impairment, dementia, oxidative stress in elderly people. Currently, only a few drugs are available in the market with various adverse effects. So to develop new drugs with protective action against the disease, research is turning to the identification of plant products as a remedy. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Phytochemicals including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Huperzine-A, Rosmarinic acid, genistein, obovatol, and Oxyresvertarol were reported molecules for the treatment of AD. Several alkaloids such as galantamine, oridonin, glaucocalyxin B, tetrandrine, berberine, anatabine have been shown anti-inflammatory effects in AD models in vitro as well as in-vivo. In conclusion, natural products from plants represent interesting candidates for the treatment of AD. This review highlights the potential of specific compounds from natural products along with their synthetic derivatives to counteract AD in the CNS.

Antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, allies or foes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147
Author(s):  
Bruno Rivas-Santiago ◽  
Flor Torres-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has become a serious public health issue in recent years, although increasing incidence has been controlled, deaths caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been accentuated due to the emerging of multi-drug resistant strains and the comorbidity with diabetes mellitus and HIV. This situation is threatening the goals of World Health Organization (WHO) to eradicate tuberculosis in 2035. WHO has called for the creation of new drugs as an alternative for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, among the plausible molecules that can be used are the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides have demonstrated remarkable efficacy to kill mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo in experimental models, nevertheless, these peptides not only have antimicrobial activity but also have a wide variety of functions such as angiogenesis, wound healing, immunomodulation and other well-described roles into the human physiology. Therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis using AMPs must be well thought prior to their clinical use; evaluating comorbidities, family history and risk factors to other diseases, since the wide function of AMPs, they could lead to collateral undesirable effects.

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