scholarly journals Epidermal Hyaluronan in Barrier Alteration-Related Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3096
Author(s):  
Céline Evrard ◽  
Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit ◽  
Yves Poumay
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

In skin, although the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly developed in dermis and hypodermis, discrete intercellular spaces between cells of the living epidermal layers are also filled with ECM components. Herein, we review knowledge about structure, localization and role of epidermal hyaluronan (HA), a key ECM molecule. HA is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan non-covalently bound to proteins or lipids. Components of the basal lamina maintain some segregation between the epidermis and the underlying dermis, and all epidermal HA is locally synthesized and degraded. Functions of HA in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation are still controversial. However, through interactions with partners, such as the TSG-6 protein, HA is involved in the formation, organization and stabilization of the epidermal ECM. In addition, epidermal HA is involved in the formation of an efficient epidermal barrier made of cornified keratinocytes. In atopic dermatitis (AD) with profuse alterations of the epidermal barrier, HA is produced in larger amounts by keratinocytes than in normal skin. Epidermal HA inside AD lesional skin is located in enlarged intercellular spaces, likely as the result of disease-related modifications of HA metabolism.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Sofie Marie Edslev ◽  
Caroline Meyer Olesen ◽  
Line Brok Nørreslet ◽  
Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽  
Søren Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

The skin microbiota of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is characterized by increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization, which exacerbates disease symptoms and has been linked to reduced bacterial diversity. Skin bacterial communities in AD patients have mostly been described at family and genus levels, while species-level characterization has been limited. In this study, we investigated the role of the bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus using targeted sequencing of the tuf gene with genus-specific primers. We compared staphylococcal communities on lesional and non-lesional skin of AD patients, as well as AD patients with healthy controls, and determined the absolute abundance of bacteria present at each site. We observed that the staphylococcal community, bacterial alpha diversity, and bacterial densities were similar on lesional and non-lesional skin, whereas AD severity was associated with significant changes in staphylococcal composition. Increased S. aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis abundances were correlated with increased severity. Conversely, Staphylococcus hominis abundance was negatively correlated with severity. Furthermore, S. hominis relative abundance was reduced on AD skin compared to healthy skin. In conclusion, various staphylococcal species appear to be important for skin health.

INFLUENCE OF BACTRIO-CARRY IN THE FAMILY ON THE COURSE OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN A CHILD

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Vasileva E.A. ◽  
Kuyarov A.A. ◽  
Kuyarov A.V.
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Nose And Throat

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, and at present a unified concept of the development of the disease has not been formed. At the heart of pathogenesis, there is a complex interaction of numerous factors, such as genetic predisposition, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and the epidermal barrier. Previously, it has been proven that a high microbial contamination of the affected areas helps to maintain inflammation and aggravates skin dysfunction as a result of chronic inflammation, and favorable factors appear for the attachment of a secondary infection. However, little attention has been paid to dysfunctions of the epidermal barrier, the role of violations of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota in the development of AD, and this issue remains relevant at the present time. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the carrier of bacteria on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in family members on the course of atopic dermatitis in a child. A bacteriological examination of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat was carried out in 34 children with AD and members of their families (74 people). When examining the mucous membranes of the nose and throat in family members of children with AD, it was found that the microflora isolated from family members in more than half of the cases has an increased potential for pathogenicity with a high degree of contamination (CFU lg 3), which forms an increased bacteriological load on the child. The tendency of bacterial carriage was revealed, contributing to the formation in the family of a permanent persistence of microflora with a high potential for pathogenicity. Asymptomatic carriage of bacteria forms an additional epidemiological load on the child, affects the severity of AD and is a risk factor in the development of secondary infection of the skin.

Occurrence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Area of Lichen Simplex Chronicus: Case Report and Pathogenetic Hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Tiengo ◽  
Jenny Deluca ◽  
Anna Belloni-Fortina ◽  
Roberto Salmaso ◽  
Flavia Galifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Lichen Simplex Chronicus ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repetitive Trauma

Background: Lichen simplex chronicus is a common skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, lichenified, pruritic plaque secondary to local repetitive trauma, notably rubbing and scratching. Objective: We describe a case of a squamous cell carcinoma arising in a patient with a long-lasting history of lichen simplex chronicus and discuss the potential role of the microenvironment in predisposing the malignant transformation. Conclusion: Here we propose a hypothesis in which rubbing and scratching contribute to an excess of inflammatory mediators, which in turn may lead to alterations in the processes of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Renseignements de base: Le lichen simplex chronique est une affection cutanée courante caractérisée par une plaque pruritique lichénifiée circonscrite consécutive à des traumatismes locaux répétés, notamment le frottement et le grattage. Objectif: Nous décrivons un cas de carcinome squameux chez un patient présentant depuis longtemps des antécédents de lichen simplex chronique, et nous discutons du rôle potentiel du micro-environnement dans la prédisposition de la transformation maligne. Conclusion: Nous proposons ici une hypothèse selon laquelle le frottement et le grattage contribuent à un excès de médiateurs inflammatoires, lesquels peuvent à leur tour venir modifier les processus de prolifération et de différenciation des kératinocytes.

Epicutaneous aeroallergen sensitization in atopic dermatitis infants - determining the role of epidermal barrier impairment

Allergy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boralevi ◽  
T. Hubiche ◽  
C. Léauté-Labrèze ◽  
E. Saubusse ◽  
M. Fayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF EPIDERMAL BARRIER IMPAIRMENTS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: MODERN CONCEPTS OF DISEASE PATHOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchian ◽  
Alexander I. Materikin ◽  
Roman V. Epishev
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Concepts Of Disease

scholarly journals Colonization With Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: Attempts to Reveal the Unknown

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Ogonowska ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte ◽  
Wioletta Barańska-Rybak ◽  
Joanna Nakonieczna
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Lesional Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are massively colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in lesional and non-lesional skin. A skin infection may become systemic if left untreated. Of interest, the incidence of multi-drug resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in AD patients is higher as compared to a healthy population, which makes treatment even more challenging. Information on the specific genetic background of S. aureus accompanying and/or causing AD flares would be of great importance in terms of possible treatment option development. In this review, we summarized the data on the prevalence of S. aureus in general in AD skin, and the prevalence of specific clones that might be associated with flares of eczema. We put our special interest in the presence and role of staphylococcal enterotoxins as important virulence factors in the epidemiology of AD-derived S. aureus. Also, we summarize the present and potentially useful future anti-staphylococcal treatment.

scholarly journals The correction of epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
O G Elisyutina ◽  
O V Shtyrbul ◽  
E N Zemskaya
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

Atopic dermatitis is chronic inflammatory multifactorial disease, which has genetic disorders, immune mechanisms of development and is under the ainfluence of a combination of exogenous and endogenous factors. Recently a leading role of the epidermal barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis was shown. The article presents data about emollient for skin care efficacy - Cetaphil® RESTORADERM, which consists of preceramides and filaggrin breakdown products in complex treatment of atopic dermatitis patients.

scholarly journals Role of Emollients in Prevention of the Comorbid Allergic Diseases Development in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Roman A. Ivanov ◽  
Dmitri V. Fedorov ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchyan ◽  
Roman V. Epishev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
New Class

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common multifactorial inflammatory diseases manifesting predominantly in childhood. There is significant number of cases of self-regression of the disease with aging. On the other hand, there is also another scenario ending with AD persistent course and/or development of comorbid allergic pathologies that can significantly worsen patient’s quality of life and finally lead to social maladjustment. The pathogenesis of such way includes epidermal barrier disturbance, transcutaneous sensibilisation and aberrant allergic (Th2) immune systemic response development. Main role in preventing of this pathological pathway is lying on the new class of moisturizers containing active components "emollients plus". They are considered as foundation for the therapy and prevention of the development of AD and other allergic diseases. This literature review provides relevant data on AD pathogenesis and development of comorbid allergic pathologies. This paper also covers data on the effect of emollients in restoration of the epidermal barrier and their use as preventive measures.

scholarly journals Structural aspects of lesional and non-lesional skin microbiota reveal key community changes in leprosy patients from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Bayal ◽  
Sunil Nagpal ◽  
Mohammed Monzoorul Haque ◽  
Milind S. Patole ◽  
Yogesh Shouche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

AbstractAlthough skin is the primary affected organ in Leprosy, the role of the skin microbiome in its pathogenesis is not well understood. Recent reports have shown that skin of leprosy patients (LP) harbours perturbed microbiota which grants inflammation and disease progression. Herein, we present the results of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) which was initially performed for investigating the diversity of bacterial communities from lesional skin (LS) and non-lesional skin (NLS) sites of LP (n = 11). Further, we performed comprehensive analysis of 16S rRNA profiles corresponding to skin samples from participants (n = 90) located in two geographical locations i.e. Hyderabad and Miraj in India. The genus Staphylococcus was observed to be one of the representative bacteria characterizing healthy controls (HC; n = 30), which in contrast was underrepresented in skin microbiota of LP. Taxa affiliated to phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were found to be signatures of HC and LS, respectively. Observed diversity level changes, shifts in core microbiota, and community network structure support the evident dysbiosis in normal skin microbiota due to leprosy. Insights obtained indicate the need for exploring skin microbiota modulation as a potential therapeutic option for leprosy.

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