scholarly journals Research Progress in the Interconversion, Turnover and Degradation of Chlorophyll

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3134
Author(s):  
Xueyun Hu ◽  
Tongyu Gu ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Ahmad Zada ◽  
Ting Jia
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Photosynthetic Proteins ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Fruitful Research

Chlorophylls (Chls, Chl a and Chl b) are tetrapyrrole molecules essential for photosynthetic light harvesting and energy transduction in plants. Once formed, Chls are noncovalently bound to photosynthetic proteins on the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, they are dismantled from photosystems in response to environmental changes or developmental processes; thus, they undergo interconversion, turnover, and degradation. In the last twenty years, fruitful research progress has been achieved on these Chl metabolic processes. The discovery of new metabolic pathways has been accompanied by the identification of enzymes associated with biochemical steps. This article reviews recent progress in the analysis of the Chl cycle, turnover and degradation pathways and the involved enzymes. In addition, open questions regarding these pathways that require further investigation are also suggested.

scholarly journals The Report of Marine Life Genomic Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyi Fan ◽  
Jianwei Chen ◽  
Tao Jin ◽  
Chengcheng Shi ◽  
Xiao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Genomics Research

With the continuing development of sequencing technology, genomics has been applied in a variety of biological research areas. In particular, the application of genomics to marine species, which boast a high diversity, promises great scientific and industrial potential. Significant progress has been made in marine genomics especially over the past few years. Consequently, BGI, leveraging its prominent contributions in genomics research, established BGI-Qingdao, an institute specifically aimed at exploring marine genomics. In order to accelerate marine genomics research and related applications, BGI-Qingdao initiated the International Conference on Genomics of the Ocean (ICG-Ocean) to develop international collaborations and establish a focused and coherent global research plan. Last year, the first ICG-Ocean conference was held in Qingdao, China, during which 47 scientists in marine genomics from all over the world reported on their research progress to an audience of about 300 attendees. This year, we would like to build on that success, drafting a report on marine genomics to draw global attention to marine genomics. We summarized the recent progress, proposed future directions, and we would like to enable additional profound insights on marine genomics. Similar to the annual report on plant and fungal research by Kew Gardens, and the White Paper of ethical issues on experimental animals, we hope our first report on marine genomics can provide some useful insights for researchers, funding agencies as well as industry, and that future versions will expand upon the foundation established here in both breadth and depth of knowledge.This report summarizes the recent progress in marine genomics in six parts including: marine microorganisms, marine fungi, marine algae and plants, marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates and genomics-based applications.

scholarly journals Recent progress in supercapacitors based on the advanced carbon electrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Pan ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Canliu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract This paper demonstrates a brief review of the research progress of the advanced carbon-based materials for the supercapacitor electrodes. Diverse types of carbon-based electrodes exploited and reported to the literature are summarized and classified into pure carbon electrodes, carbon/metal oxides composite electrodes, carbon/metal oxides/conducting polymers composite electrodes as well as carbon electrodes based on other materials. Pure carbon electrodes are firstly introduced, confirming their merits and shortcomings. To cover the shortage of pure carbon electrodes and further enhances their electrochemical performance, a composite electrode, combined with metal oxides and conducting polymers, is respectively presented. It is worth noticing in this article that combining various materials to form composites has been one main direction to own a positive synergistic effect on the carbon-based electrodes.

scholarly journals Theory of Pulsar Winds

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
A. Melatos
Keyword(s):  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Poynting Flux ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Field Geometry ◽  
Parametric Instabilities ◽  
Pulsar Wind ◽  
Pulsar Winds ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Recent progress in the theory of pulsar wind electrodynamics is reviewed, with emphasis on the following open questions, (i) Is the bipolar, jet-torus geometry imprinted by collimation or injection? (ii) what is the magnetic field geometry as a function of latitude, and is it stable? (iii) How rapidly does the postshock flow fluctuate, e.g. in the near infrared? (iv) The σ paradox: is Poynting flux converted gradually to kinetic energy flux as the wind expands, as in a linear accelerator, or is the conversion lossy, due to reconnection or parametric instabilities in a wave-like outflow?

Wafer Scale Factories Using Assembled MEMS Robots

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Murthy ◽  
Dan O. Popa
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Dexterous Manipulation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Work Volume ◽  
Precision Evaluation ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
Laser Interferometers ◽  
Application Specific

This paper presents recent research progress in the manufacturing of MEMS based robotic positioning technology. The goal is to configure a nanofactory consisting of multiple microrobots that combine high precision with high throughput along with other application-specific requirements such as strength, dexterity, and work volume. This requires design to satisfy part mobility and dexterous manipulation with high precision. The first microrobot called the Articulated Four Axes Microrobot (AFAM) is a 3D dexterous micromanipulator robot, and we describe nano indentation experiments using AFM tips mounted on the microrobot. By combining positioning data obtained using laser interferometers and SEM imaging of nano indentation data, precision metrics such as accuracy, repeatability and resolution of the AFAM robot are determined. Preliminary reliability findings are presented. The second robot type is the ARRIpede microcrawler, and we present recent progress in microrobot precision evaluation including motion resolution and repeatability. Using these two microrobots as basic positioning and manipulation units, a nanoassembly module concept for hybrid nano assembly applications is proposed. In this paper we present recent progress in fabricating, assembling and evaluating the basic microfactory modules.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Metal-Based Nanoparticles Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyao Sun ◽  
Semen Kormakov ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yao Huang ◽  
Daming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Recent Research Progress

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is able to non-invasively treat and diagnose various cancers and nonmalignant diseases by combining light, oxygen, and photosensitizers (PSs). However, the application of PDT is hindered by poor water solubility and limited light-penetration depth of the currently available photosensitizers (PSs). Water solubility of PSs is crucial for designing pharmaceutical formulation and administration routes. Wavelength of light source at visible range normally has therapeutic depth less than 1 mm. In this review, focus is on the recent research progress of metal-based nanoparticles being applied in PDT. The potential toxicity of these nanoscales and future directions are further discussed.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Nanowires in Energy Harvesting Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xumin Pan ◽  
Yahua He ◽  
Yongming Hu ◽  
Haoshuang Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mechanism Modeling ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

Recently, the nanogenerators which can convert the mechanical energy into electricity by using piezoelectric one-dimensional nanomaterials have exhibited great potential in microscale power supply and sensor systems. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive review of the research progress in the last eight years concerning the piezoelectric nanogenerators with different structures. The fundamental piezoelectric theory and typical piezoelectric materials are firstly reviewed. After that, the working mechanism, modeling, and structure design of piezoelectric nanogenerators were discussed. Then the recent progress of nanogenerators was reviewed in the structure point of views. Finally, we also discussed the potential application and future development of the piezoelectric nanogenerators.

scholarly journals Research Progress on Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Plants in Response to Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Xiaojie Cai ◽  
Zhiyi Yin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Biological Invasion ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics

Biological invasion seriously threatens ecological stability and social development. One of the bases for forming invasion is alien species’ strong phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity can help alien species adapt to environmental changes and enhance their invasive ability. China is one of the countries seriously affected by drought. Under the background of environmental drought, exploring the reasons why invasive plants can gain growth advantages and mastering the phenotypic changes of invasive plants in response to drought stress are conducive to helping us understand more about the invasion mechanism of invasive species. In this paper, the research progresses of invasive plants’ morphological plasticity and physiological plasticity under drought stress in recent years are reviewed, the invasive plants’ morphological and physiological metabolic characteristics under drought are summarized, and the growth advantages of invasive plants are discussed, which provided a scientific theoretical basis for alleviating the serious harm caused by biological invasion to China’s natural environment.

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