scholarly journals The Redox Role of G6PD in Cell Growth, Cell Death, and Cancer

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Wu ◽  
Yen ◽  
Liu ◽  
Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
G6pd Activity ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Reducing Equivalent ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in cells. NADPH also plays key roles in cellular processes mediated by redox signaling. Insufficient G6PD activity predisposes cells to growth retardation and demise. Severely lacking G6PD impairs embryonic development and delays organismal growth. Altered G6PD activity is associated with pathophysiology, such as autophagy, insulin resistance, infection, inflammation, as well as diabetes and hypertension. Aberrant activation of G6PD leads to enhanced cell proliferation and adaptation in many types of cancers. The present review aims to update the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and emphasizes how G6PD modulates redox signaling and affects cell survival and demise, particularly in diseases such as cancer. Exploiting G6PD as a potential drug target against cancer is also discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of BRG1 in Antioxidant and Redox Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilong You ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Hao Qian ◽  
Shaojun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex

Redox homeostasis is regulated by critical molecules that modulate antioxidant and redox signaling (ARS) within the cell. Imbalances among these molecules can lead to oxidative stress and damage to cell functions, causing a variety of diseases. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), also known as SMARCA4, is the central ATPase catalytic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, which plays a core role in DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcriptional regulation. Numerous recent studies show that BRG1 is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes associated with ARS. BRG1, as a major factor in chromatin remodeling, is essential for the repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and the activation of antioxidant genes under oxidative stress. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of BRG1 in redox homeostasis is crucial to understand the normal functioning as well as pathological mechanisms. In this review, we summarized and discussed the role of BRG1 in the regulation of ARS.

scholarly journals The role of mitochondria in cellular toxicity as a potential drug target

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duojiao Wu ◽  
Xiangdong Wang ◽  
Hongzhi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Cellular Toxicity

Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, A Potential Drug Target for Protection of Heart and Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Ju Luo ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Qi-Lin Ma ◽  
Jun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is an isoenzyme of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), a group of enzymes that are responsible for clearance of aldehydes in the body. In animal myocardial or cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) models, accumulation of toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and malondialdehyde, is thought to be an important mechanism for myocardial and cerebral I/R injury. Among the isoenzymes of ALDH, ALDH2 is believed to play a major role in clearance of toxic aldehydes. Thus, ALDH2 might be a potential drug target for protection of the heart or brain from I/R injury. Indeed, some of the newly identified ALDH2 activators (such as Alda-1) have demonstrated beneficial effects on heart and brain I/R injury. In addition, ALDH activity is present at high levels in some stem or progenitor cells, known as ALDH bright (ALDHbr) cells, which possess potential value in treating patients with myocardial ischemia. The main purpose of this review is 1) to summarize recent findings regarding the role of ALDH2 in protection of heart or brain from I/R injury, 2) to list the available ALDH2 activators with their potency, selectivity and clinical potentials, and 3) to provide a rationale for ALDHbr cells in clinical therapeutic value.

STAT3: A Potential Drug Target for Tumor and Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Sheng Hu ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Xin Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cellular Signal ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Sustained Activation

STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) is a cellular signal transcription factor involved in the regulation of many cellular activities, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis in normal cells. During the study of the STAT family, STAT3 was found to be involved in many diseases, such as high expression and sustained activation of STAT3 in tumor cells, promoting tumor growth and proliferation. In the study of inflammation, it was found that it plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and repairing of damage tissues. Because of the important role of STAT3, a large number of studies have been obtained. At the same time, after more than 20 years of development, STAT3 has also been used as a target for drug therapy. And the discovery of small molecule inhibitors also promoted the study of STAT3. Since STAT3 has been extensively studied in inflammation and tumor regulation, this review presents the current state of research on STAT3.

scholarly journals Role of the Gas6/TAM System as a Disease Marker and Potential Drug Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pier Paolo Sainaghi ◽  
Mattia Bellan ◽  
Alessandra Nerviani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Disease Marker

The Prokaryotic FAD Synthetase Family: A Potential Drug Target

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2637-2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Serrano ◽  
Patricia Ferreira ◽  
Marta Martinez-Julvez ◽  
Milagros Medina
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug

Bacterial Polyphosphate Kinases Revisited: Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Kumar Gautam ◽  
Prince Sharma ◽  
Neena Capalash
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Polyphosphate Kinase ◽  
Potential Drug Target ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Structural Aspects

Bacterial infections have always been an unrestrained challenge to the medical community due to the rise of multi-drug tolerant and resistant strains. Pioneering work on Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase (PPK) by Arthur Kornberg has generated great interest in this polyphosphate (PolyP) synthesizing enzyme. PPK has wide distribution among pathogens and is involved in promoting pathogenesis, stress management and susceptibility to antibiotics. Further, the absence of a PPK orthologue in humans makes it a potential drug target. This review covers the functional and structural aspects of polyphosphate kinases in bacterial pathogens. A description of molecules being designed against PPKs has been provided, challenges associated with PPK inhibitor design are highlighted and the strategies to enable development of efficient drug against this enzyme have also been discussed.

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