scholarly journals Macronutrient Intake in Pregnancy and Child Cognitive and Behavioural Outcomes

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Taylor ◽  
Michelle L. Blumfield ◽  
Lee M. Ashton ◽  
Alexis J. Hure ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Child Cognition ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Child Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Child Cognitive Development

Prenatal nutrient exposures can impact on brain development and disease susceptibility across the lifespan. It is well established that maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy influences foetal and infant development. Therefore, we hypothesise that macronutrient intakes during pregnancy are correlated with cognitive development during early childhood. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy and child cognitive and behavioural outcomes at age 4 years. We analysed prospective data from a cohort of 64 Australian mother–child dyads. Maternal macronutrient intake was assessed using a validated 74-item food frequency questionnaire at 2 timepoints during pregnancy. Child cognition and behaviour were measured at age 4 years using the validated Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd version (WPPSI-III) and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBC). Linear regression models were used to quantify statistical relationships and were adjusted for maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, breastfeeding duration and birthweight. Child Performance IQ was inversely associated with maternal starch intake (b = −11.02, p = 0.03). However, no other associations were found. Further research is needed to explore the association between different types of starch consumed during pregnancy and child cognitive development.

scholarly journals The relationship between cognitive development, behavior indicators, and Personal, Social, and Emotional Development in Pre-school

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Porciuncula de Almeida Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Tiago Lisboa Bartholo ◽  
Mariane Campelo Koslinski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Language And Mathematics ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper investigates the potential of a questionnaire answered by teachers about the behavior and socio-emotional skills of children enrolled in preschool – start of compulsory schooling in Brazil. Based on this instrument, it describes the development of indicators of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and personal, social and emotional development. It uses multivariate linear regression models to identify factors associated with the cognitive development of children enrolled in preschool. The results suggest that more inattentive children tend to have lower cognitive attainment, especially in language. The estimated coefficients in the multivariate model suggest that the Personal, Social and Emotional Development has a moderate to high effect size for language and mathematics. Implications of the results for educational policies are presented.

scholarly journals Trajectories of child cognitive development during ages 0–3 in rural Western China: prevalence, risk factors and links to preschool-age cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yifei Chen ◽  
Sean Sylvia ◽  
Sarah-Eve Dill ◽  
Scott Rozelle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Western China ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Child Cognitive Development

Abstract Background Cognitive development after age three tends to be stable and can therefore predict cognitive skills in later childhood. However, there is evidence that cognitive development is less stable before age three. In rural China, research has found large shares of children under age three are developmentally delayed, yet little is known about the trajectories of cognitive development between 0 and 3 years of age or how developmental trajectories predict later cognitive skills. This study seeks to describe the trajectories of child cognitive development between the ages of 0–3 years and examine how different trajectories predict cognitive development at preschool age. Methods We collected three waves of longitudinal panel data from 1245 children in rural Western China. Child cognitive development was measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development when the child was 6–12 months and 22–30 months, and by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition when the child was 49–65 months. We used the two measures of cognitive development before age three to determine the trajectories of child cognitive development. Results Of the children, 39% were never cognitively delayed; 13% were persistently delayed; 7% experienced improving cognitive development; and 41% experienced deteriorating development before age 3. Compared to children who had never experienced cognitive delay, children with persistent cognitive delay and those with deteriorating development before age 3 had significantly lower cognitive scores at preschool age. Children with improving development before age 3 showed similar levels of cognition at preschool age as children who had never experienced cognitive delay. Conclusions Large shares of children under age 3 in rural Western China show deteriorating cognitive development from infancy to toddlerhood, which predict lower levels of cognition at preschool age. Policymakers should invest in improving cognitive development before age 3 to prevent long-term poor cognition among China’s rural children.

scholarly journals Cognitive and language development in preschoolers is related to maternal cognitive performance: A study of young mothers in an urban area of a city in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Fernanda Teixeira Coelho ◽  
Jéssica Puchalski Trettim ◽  
Rochele Dias Castelli ◽  
Mariana Carret Soares ◽  
Natália da Costa Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Data ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate the relationship between maternal cognitive performance and language and cognitive development of children between 24 and 36 months old of mothers who became pregnant in adolescence, in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study with adolescent mothers who received prenatal care in the city’s public health system. To assess maternal cognitive performance, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) are used to assess children's language and cognition development. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22.0) software. Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were performed. We evaluated 496 mother-child dyads. In the adjusted analysis, we found that children's language remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .027, CI [0.0, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p < .001, CI [−7.2, −2.4]). Besides that children cognitive development remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .008, CI [0.1, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p = .030, CI [−4.5, −0.2]). Our results suggest that poor maternal cognitive performance is associated with lower levels of children's language and cognitive development. The results contributing to early identification and intervention in children of mothers with poor cognitive performance at higher risk of negative developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Determinants of early cognitive development: hierarchical analysis of a longitudinal study

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Marques dos Santos ◽  
Darci Neves dos Santos ◽  
Ana Cecília Sousa Bastos ◽  
Ana Marlúcia Oliveira Assis ◽  
Matildes Silva Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Child Cognitive Development ◽  
Anthropometric Status

The study describes the relationship between anthropometric status, socioeconomic conditions, and quality of home environment and child cognitive development in 320 children from 20 to 42 months of age, randomly selected from 20,000 households that represent the range of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in Salvador, Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The inclusion criterion was to be less than 42 months of age between January and July 1999. Child cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scales for Infant Development, and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (HOME) was applied to assess quality of home environment. Anthropometric status was measured using the indicators weight/age and height/age ratios (z-scores), and socioeconomic data were collected through a standard questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted through univariate and hierarchical linear regression. Socioeconomic factors were found to have an indirect impact on early cognitive development mediated by the child's proximal environment factors, such as appropriate play materials and games available and school attendance. No independent association was seen between nutritional status and early cognitive development.

scholarly journals Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Development: Protocol for a 15-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanggao Zhao ◽  
Minghui Quan ◽  
Liqiang Su ◽  
Hanbin Zhang ◽  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between physical activity as assessed by accelerometers and cognitive development across the human age ranges (from children and adolescents to adults). Additionally, this study seeks to explore whether physical activity contributes to cognitive development via modification of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the study, 500 preschool children (3.5–5.5 years old) are taking part in 6 triennial assessment waves over the span of 15 years. At each wave, participant measures included (a) 7-day physical activity monitoring using ActiGraph’s GT3X accelerometers, (b) the evaluation of cognitive development, (c) anthropometric and physical fitness assessments, (d) plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentrations, and (e) retrospective questionnaires. Linear regression models are used to examine the effect of physical activity on cognitive development; plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentrations are considered as mediators into data analyses. The results of the study may help to inform future health interventions that utilize physical activity as a means to improve cognitive development in children, adolescents, and adults. Additionally, the study may assist in determining whether the putative effects occur via modification of plasma IGF-1 or BDNF concentrations.

Camouflaging in non-autistic adults is associated with poorer mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Somerville ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Sue Fletcher-Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Camouflaging is a frequently reported behaviour in autistic people, which entails the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic traits in social situations. Camouflaging is associated with poor mental health in autistic people. This study examined the manifestation of camouflaging in a non-autistic sample, examining the relationship between autistic traits, camouflaging, and mental health. In addition, the role of executive functions as a mechanism underpinning camouflaging was explored. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse data. Results indicated that autistic traits are not associated with mental health symptoms when controlling for camouflaging, and camouflaging predicted increased mental health symptoms. Camouflaging did not correlate with any measure of executive function. These findings have implications for understanding the relationship between autistic traits and mental health in non-autistic people and add to the growing development of theory and knowledge about the mechanism and effects of camouflaging.

scholarly journals Sleep maturation influences cognitive development of preterm toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Ando ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Yuko Yoshimura ◽  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Creatine Kinase Response in Youth National Team Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812199938
Author(s):  
Gabor Schuth ◽  
Gyorgy Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Dobreff ◽  
Peter Revisnyei ◽  
Alija Pasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
National Team ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous studies have examined the relationship between external training load and creatine kinase (CK) response after soccer matches in adults. This study aimed to build training- and match-specific CK prediction models for elite youth national team soccer players. Hypothesis: Training and match load will have different effects on the CK response of elite youth soccer players, and there will be position-specific differences in the most influential external and internal load parameters on the CK response. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Forty-one U16-U17 youth national team soccer players were measured over an 18-month period. Training and match load were monitored with global positioning system devices. Individual CK values were measured from whole blood every morning in training camps. The dataset consisted of 1563 data points. Clustered prediction models were used to examine the relationship between external/internal load and consecutive CK changes. Clusters were built based on the playing position and activity type. The performance of the linear regression models was described by the R2 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE, U/L for CK values). Results: The prediction models fitted similarly during games and training sessions ( R2 = 0.38-0.88 vs 0.6-0.77), but there were large differences based on playing positions. In contrast, the accuracy of the models was better during training sessions (RMSE = 81-135 vs 79-209 U/L). Position-specific differences were also found in the external and internal load parameters, which best explained the CK changes. Conclusion: The relationship between external/internal load parameters and CK changes are position specific and might depend on the type of session (training or match). Morning CK values also contributed to the next day’s CK values. Clinical Relevance: The relationship between position-specific external/internal load and CK changes can be used to individualize postmatch recovery strategies and weekly training periodization with a view to optimize match performance.

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