scholarly journals Hypomineralized Primary Teeth in Preterm Low Birth Weight Children and Its Association with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization—A 3-Year-Prospective Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Roshan Noor Mohamed ◽  
Sakeenabi Basha ◽  
Shruti Girish Virupaxi ◽  
Neena Idawara Eregowda ◽  
Poornima Parameshwarappa
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Multiple Variable

The present prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary dentition among preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) children, incidence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the same cohorts, and to determine associations between PT-LBW, hypomineralization in primary second molars, and MIH. A total of 287 PTLBW study subjects and 290 control full-term normal birth weight subjects were followed up for 36 months. Enamel defects were recorded at baseline. The same cohorts were examined after 3 years for MIH using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Multiple variable logistic regression models were developed. A total of 279 children (48.4%) presented with EH in primary dentition and 207 (35.9%) children presented with MIH. Children with primary second molar hypomineralization had 2.13 (R2 = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.98–4.19, p = 0.005) times higher frequency of MIH. Children with PT-LBW had 3.02 times (R2 = 0.31, 95% CI = 1.01–5.94, p = 0.005) higher frequency of MIH incidence after adjusting for childhood infection, prenatal history, and presence of hypomineralized primary second molars. To conclude, the present study showed significant association between PT-LBW, hypomineralized second primary molars, and incidence of MIH.

Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 097321792199140
Author(s):  
Rimjhim Sonowal ◽  
Anamika Jain ◽  
V. Bhargava ◽  
H.D. Khanna ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.

scholarly journals Current obesity was associated with hypertension in children born very low birth weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chompoonut Limratchapong ◽  
Pracha Nuntnarumit ◽  
Wischuri Paksi ◽  
Kwanchai Pirojsakul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Abstract Objectives Previous studies from the developed countries showed that children born very low birth weight have a higher risk of hypertension compared with that of the normal birth weight controls. However, studies regarding the prevalence of hypertension in such children from the developing countries are scarce. This study aimed to identify the perinatal and postnatal factors associated with hypertension in children born very low birth weight. Results Forty-six children aged ≥ 6 years from the VLBW cohort of Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand underwent the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The prevalence of hypertension was 15.2% (7/46). The hypertension group had a significant higher BMI z-score at 3 years of age (0.90 ± 1.44 vs − 0.45 ± 1.47, p = 0.045) and a greater proportion of current obesity (42% vs 2.5%, p < 0.01) compared to those in the normotensive group. Multivariate analysis revealed that current obesity was associated with hypertension (OR 34.77, 95%CI 1.814–666.5). Among 36 children with normal office blood pressure, four children (11.1%) had high blood pressure uncovered by ABPM, called “masked hypertension”. Office systolic blood pressure at the 85th percentile was the greatest predictor for masked hypertension with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 81.2%.

THE AGE OF ATTAINING BLADDER CONTROL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-626
Author(s):  
Wallace C. Oppel ◽  
Paul A. Harper ◽  
Rowland V. Rider
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Median Length ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Study Population

Data in life table form are presented from a 12-year prospective study of 859 children on the age of attaining bladder control for waking and sleeping hours by three indices: (1) age of initial dryness, (2) age of final dryness, and (3) the prevalence of dryness. By use of these indices the large contribution of relapsers to enuresis is seen. The prevalence of bedwetting in the study population was greater than that reported in other studies; the validity of this finding is defended. A larger proportion of female than male children attained both day and night dryness during the first 2 years of life. The percentage of Negro boys who first attained dryness was less than that of the other three race-sex groups after 2 years of age and was significantly less than that of Negro girls until 9 years of age. One quarter of the 817 children who attained initial nighttime dryness by age 12 relapsed; these relapsing episodes had a median duration of 2.5 years. One tenth of 855 children who attained initial daytime dryness had relapses, and the median length of these was 1.2 years. Relapsing occurred much more frequently in Negro than Caucasian children; it also was seen more often in Caucasian males than in Caucasian females. Low birth weight children had a higher percentage of children wet for both waking and sleeping hours than did full birth weight children.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Deliveries at Bharatpur Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Prasad Kandel ◽  
Sindhu Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
Health Situation

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million low birth-weight (LBW) babies are born every year throughout the world. Though, the health situation of Nepal has improved substantially over the years, the low birth-weight (LBW) rate is still high. The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of low birth weight and identify the associated factors for low birth weight in a live born infant among the institutionally delivered newborns. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward of Bharatpur hospital, Bharatpur, from 17th September to 4th October , 2012. Altogether 480 respondents were taken and respondents were mothers who had delivered newborns in Bharatpur hospital.Results: A total of 480 births occurred during the study period, of which 480 met the study criteria. Among which 9.4% were low birth weight and 90.6% were normal birth weight .Overall mean birth weight was found to be 2.96 kg. Out of total 9.4% newborns were weighing less than 2.50 kg and mean birth weight 2.96kg. Conclusions: This study suggests that there were several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies; which are age of mother at delivery,weight gain by mother during pregnancy, short, low body mass index and hyperemesis gravidarum was the strongest predictor in this study.

scholarly journals LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Brig® Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ijaz Ali ◽  
Syed Hyder Raza
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the proportion of LBW Babies among those deliveredat DHQ Hospital Mirpur. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: DHQ hospitalMirpur AJK. Duration of study: January 2013-May 2013. Sample size: 459 deliveries. Studypopulation: women reporting in Peads OPD of DHQ hospital Mirpur AJ&K with their babiesduring study period. Sampling technique: Convenience method. Data collection tool: Datacollection Performa. Data analysis: SPSS version 14.0.Results: Out of 459 deliveriesconducted at Divisional Head Quarter hospital Mirpur, 149 cases of low birth weight babies(<2500gms) whereas the rest 310 had normal birth weight. Frequency of Low Birth Weight inmale new born babies was high, i.e ratio of male babies were 55% (82) out of 149 individualswhile females were 45% (67). Less than 37 weeks of gestational age, 37% (55) were pretermbabies and 37 – 42 weeks of gestational age, 63% (94) were full term babies.

scholarly journals Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the metabolic consequences 20 years later?

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Thomas ◽  
Louise G Grunnet ◽  
Pernille Poulsen ◽  
Solomon Christopher ◽  
Rachaproleu Spurgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

ObjectiveLow birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.Subjects and methodsOne hundred and seventeen non-migrant, young healthy men were recruited from a birth cohort in a rural part of south India. The subjects comprised 61 LBW and 56 normal birth weight (NBW) men, with NBW men acting as controls. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The parents' anthropometric status and metabolic parameters were assessed.ResultsMen with LBW were shorter (167±6.4 vs 172±6.0 cm,P<0.0001), lighter (51.9±9 vs 55.4±7 kg,P=0.02) and had a reduced lean body mass (42.1±5.4 vs 45.0±4.5 kg,P=0.002) compared with NBW controls. After adjustment for height and weight, the LBW subjects had increased diastolic blood pressure (77±6 vs 75±6 mmHg,P=0.01). Five LBW subjects had impaired glucose tolerance.In vivoinsulin secretion and peripheral insulin action were similar in both the groups. Mothers of the LBW subjects were 3 cm shorter than the control mothers.ConclusionOnly subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians were found. Whether other factors such as urbanisation and ageing may unmask more severe metabolic abnormalities may require a long-term follow-up.

MORTALITY FROM CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN OREGON

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Victor D. Menashe ◽  
Harold T. Osterud ◽  
Herbert E. Griswold
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Cardiac Malformation ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Weight One

Over one half of the deaths from all congenital malformations were due to congenital cardiovascular disease. There were 496 individuals who died of congenital cardiovascular disease in Oregon during 1957 thru 1961, and three fourths of the deaths occurred in infants under 1 year of age. More males were affected by congenital cardiovascular disease than females, but, when congenital cardiovascular disease was present, the length of survival, as measured by life span, did not differ by sex. One out of every four infants dying of congenital cardiovascular disease was of low birth weight; of these, 60% were over 37 weeks' gestation. However, there was no difference in the life span of low birth weight and normal birth weight infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease. This would imply that the significant factor of death in these infants was the cardiac malformation rather than the low birth weight. One out of every three infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease had malformations of other systems. Fewer deaths than expected were identified among first born. Fetal deaths were noted more frequently in the population of mothers of children with congenital heart disease than in the overall population. The parental age in this group was significantly higher than in the general population and death rates of infants with congenital cardiovascular disease increased with advancing parental age. Thirty-two percent of the infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease had single lesions. Early diagnosis and treatment is to be stressed if mortality is to be reduced.

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