scholarly journals Remote Neuropsychological Intervention for Developmental Dyslexia with the Tachidino Platform: No Reduction in Effectiveness for Older Nor for More Severely Impaired Children

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Lorusso ◽  
Francesca Borasio ◽  
Massimo Molteni
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Writing Accuracy ◽  
Impaired Children

Tachidino is a web-platform for remote treatment of reading and writing disorders. A total of 91 children with developmental dyslexia and/or dysorthographia participated in the present study and received Tachidino treatment. The purpose of the study was to compare results obtained after four weeks treatment and a six-month follow-up in older versus younger children and in more versus less severely impaired children (separately subdividing them according to reading speed, reading accuracy, and writing accuracy). The results showed no difference in improvement for reading accuracy and speed in the three age groups, but children below 9 years improved more than older children in writing accuracy. Regarding severity groups, children with more severe initial impairments improved more than children with less severe impairments. Additionally, the results were confirmed after controlling for spurious effects due to use of Z-scores and regression to the mean. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals 1105. Vibriocidal Titer Variation and Likelihood of Protection in Children Compared With Adults in a Cholera Endemic Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S331-S331
Author(s):  
Alaina Ritter ◽  
Fahima Chowdhury ◽  
Rachel Becker ◽  
Taufiq Bhuiyan ◽  
Ashraful Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Training Grant

Abstract Background Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children less than 5 years old have the highest disease burden of cholera in endemic areas. While children develop serum vibriocidal antibody responses to cholera vaccines, they derive less protection from vaccination compared with adults. The aim of our study was to determine whether the vibriocidal immune responses to V. cholerae infection are equally accurate as markers of protection in all age groups. Methods Cholera patients and their household contacts, who are known to be at high risk of V. cholerae infection, were enrolled between 2001 and 2017 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Baseline vibriocidal titers were measured at the time of enrollment of household contacts, and participants were followed prospectively for development of V. cholerae infection. Results We studied 50 contacts < 5 years old (“young children”), 228 contacts 5–16 years old (“older children”), and 548 contacts > 16 years old (“adults”). The baseline serum vibriocidal titer was higher in contacts who remained uninfected from all age groups than in contacts who developed cholera during the follow-up period (young children: P = 0.0092; older children: P = 0.0003, adults: P = 0.0012). Conclusion We found that higher vibriocidal antibody titers were associated with protection against V. cholerae infection across all three age categories. These findings may help increase our understanding of the protective immune response against V. cholerae infection and have importance for future vaccine development strategies. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by Massachusetts General Hospital training grant T32AI007061. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Dysfunction in Infant and Toddler Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Lebbink ◽  
T.p Ringers ◽  
A.y.n. Schouten-van Meeteren ◽  
L van Iersel ◽  
S.c Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumor ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Frequent Use

Objective Childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) are at risk to develop hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction (HPD). The risk for HPD may vary between different age groups due to maturation of the brain and differences in oncologic treatment protocols. Specific studies on HPD in infant brain tumor survivors (infant-BTS, 0-1 years at diagnosis) or toddler brain tumor survivors (toddler-BTS, ≥1-3 years) have not been performed. Patients and Methods A retrospective nationwide cohort study in CBTS was performed. Prevalence and risk factors for HPD were compared between infant-, toddler- and older-BTS. Subgroup analysis was performed for all non-irradiated CBTS (n=460). Results In total 718 CBTS were included, with a median follow-up time of 7.9 years. Overall, despite less frequent use of radiotherapy (RT) in infants, no differences in prevalence of HPD were found between the three groups. RT (OR 16.44; 95%CI 8.93 to 30.27), suprasellar tumor location (OR 44.76; 95%CI 19.00 to 105.49) and younger age (OR 1.11; 95%CI 1.05 to 1.18) were associated with HP dysfunction. Infant-BTS and toddler-BTS showed more weight gain (p<0.0001) and smaller height SDS (p=0.001) during follow-up. In non-irradiated CBTS, infant-BTS and toddler-BTS were significantly more frequently diagnosed with TSH-, ACTH- and ADH deficiency, compared to older-BTS. Conclusion Infant and toddler brain tumor survivors seem to be more vulnerable to develop HP dysfunction than older children. These results emphasize the importance of special infant- and toddler brain tumor treatment protocols and the need for endocrine surveillance in children treated for a brain tumor at young age.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Dysfunction in Infant and Toddler Brain Tumor Survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A719-A719
Author(s):  
Chantal A Lebbink ◽  
Tiara P Ringers ◽  
Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren ◽  
Laura van Iersel ◽  
Sarah C Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumor ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Oncologic Treatment

Abstract Background: Childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) are at risk for hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction, mainly caused by radiation exposure or tumor involvement of the HP-region. The risk for HP dysfunction (HPD) may vary between different age groups due to maturation of the brain and differences in oncologic treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HPD in infant (IBTS) and toddler brain tumor survivors (TBTS) compared to older childhood brain tumor survivors (OCBTS). Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis in a nationwide cohort of CBTS was performed. Prevalence and risk factors for HPD were compared between IBTS (aged 0-1 years at diagnosis), TBTS (aged 1-3 years at diagnosis) and OCBTS (aged &gt;3-18 years at diagnosis). Results: In 718 included CBTS, with a median follow-up time of 7.9 years, overall no differences in percentage of HPD were found between the three age groups. Treatment with radiotherapy (RT) (OR 15.41; 95%CI 8.33 to 28.48), suprasellar tumor location (OR 46.62; 95%CI 19.64 to 110.66) and younger age (OR 1.09; 95%CI 1.02 to 1.15) were associated with HP dysfunction. Because IBTS were significantly less often treated with RT, subanalyses were performed for all CBTS not treated with radiation (n=459). In non-irradiated CBTS, IBTS and TBTS were significantly more frequently diagnosed with TSH-, ACTH- and ADH deficiency, compared to ECBTS. IBTS and TBTS showed significantly more weight gain (p&lt;0.0001) and smaller height SDS (p=0.001) during follow-up. Conclusion: Infant and toddler brain tumor survivors seem to be more vulnerable to develop HP dysfunction than when compared to older children. These results emphasize the importance of special infant and toddlers brain tumor treatment protocols and endocrine surveillance in children treated for a brain tumor at young age.

scholarly journals Orthographic depth and developmental dyslexia: a meta-analytic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiré Carioti ◽  
Marta Franca Masia ◽  
Simona Travellini ◽  
Manuela Berlingeri
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Orthographic Depth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractCross-cultural studies have suggested that reading deficits in developmental dyslexia (DD) can be moderated by orthographic depth. To further explore this issue and assess the moderating role of orthographic depth in the developmental cognitive trajectories of dyslexic and typical readers, we systematically reviewed 113 studies on DD that were published from 2013 to 2018 and selected 79 in which participants received an official DD diagnosis. Each study was classified according to orthographic depth (deep vs. shallow) and participant age (children vs. adults). We assessed the difference between DD and control groups’ performance in reading tasks and in a wide range of cognitive domains associated with reading (phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), short-term working memory (WM), and nonverbal reasoning), including age and orthographies as moderators. We found an age-by-orthography interaction effect in word reading accuracy and a significant effect of age in pseudoword reading accuracy, but we found no effect of age and orthographic depth on the fluency parameters. These results suggest that reading speed is a reliable index for discriminating between DD and control groups across European orthographies from childhood to adulthood. A similar pattern of results emerged for PA, RAN, and short-term/WM. Our findings are discussed in relation to their impact on clinical practice while considering the orthographic depth and developmental level.

Age and Prognosis in Pediatric AML

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2990-2990
Author(s):  
Pernille Wendtland Edslev ◽  
Jonas Abrahamsson ◽  
Niels Clausen ◽  
Erik Forestier ◽  
Göran Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Pediatric Aml

Abstract Introduction. Results from St. Jude and M. D. Anderson, USA, suggested that AML children &lt; 10 years have significantly better outcome than patients aged 10–21 years. Similarly, the Medical Research Council, UK, showed superior survival in children &lt; 10 years due to a lower relapse rate compared to 10 – 15 year olds. We describe the AML outcome by age in the Nordic countries. Patients. Within the population based NOPHO AML protocols (NOPHO-AML 93 and NOPHO-AML 2004) we treated 403 patients aged 0 – 18 years from 1993 – 2007. Patients with Down syndrome and AML-M3 were excluded. The children were divided into three age groups; 0 –1 year (27%), 2 –9 years (41%) and 10+ years (32%). The oldest age group had a male preponderance. MLL-aberrations were more common among the youngest and t(8;21) among the oldest. FAB-type M5 was seen in 35% of 0–1 year olds versus only in 16% of children aged 10+. 0 – 1 year&#x2028; n= 109 2 –9 years&#x2028; n = 165 10 – 18 years&#x2028; n = 129 Boys/girls 44/67 = 0.67 80/87 = 0.94 80/49 = 1.63 p = 0.01 WBC&gt;100×109/L 18 (17%) 14 (9%) 18 (14%) p = 0.10 Cytogenetics&#x2028; t(8;21) &#x2028; t(9;11) &#x2028; Other MLL 1 (1%)&#x2028; 14 (13%)&#x2028; 21 (19%) 24 (15%)&#x2028; 12 (7%)&#x2028; 16 (10%) 15 (12%)&#x2028; 9 (7%)&#x2028; 9 (7%) p = 0.01&#x2028; p = 0.39&#x2028; p = 0.03 FAB type&#x2028; M4&#x2028; M5 22 (20%)&#x2028; 38 (35%) 32 (19%)&#x2028; 31 (19%) 26 (20%)&#x2028; 21 (16%) p = 0.96&#x2028; p = 0.00 Protocol&#x2028; NOPHO-AML 93&#x2028; NOPHO-AML 04 75 (25%)&#x2028; 34 (32%) 125 (42%)&#x2028; 40 (37%) 96 (32%)&#x2028; 33 (31%) p = 0.4 Results. Almost half of the patients experienced events during follow-up. Types of events, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) are shown in the table. 0 – 1 year n= 109 2 –9 years n = 165 10 – 18 years n = 129 Induction death 2 (2%) 4 (2%) 3 (2%) p = 0.9 Resistant disease 2 (2%) 2 (1%) 9 (7%) p = 0.01 Death in CR 6 (6%) 4 (2%) 8 (6%) p = 0.2 Relapse 34 (31%) 64 (39%) 42 (33%) p = 0.4 5-year EFS 57% 54% 48% p = 0.5 5-year OS 68% 68% 64% p = 0.7 Conclusion. Older children are more often male, more frequently have t(8;21) and less often M5-subtype or MLL-aberrations. The OS and EFS are similar among all ages. However, older children more often have resistant disease. The risk of death during induction and relapse is similar.

An anthropometric study in children with chronic myeloid leukemia on imatinib.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6554-6554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamshi Krishna Reddy Goteke ◽  
Rahul Narayan Maddi ◽  
Narender Kumar Thota ◽  
Pragnya Coca ◽  
Balakrishna Nagalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Final Adult Height ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
One Year ◽  
Height For Age

6554 Background: The long-term adverse effects, especially in children with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on imatinib are unknown. There is very little literature addressing the adverse effects on growth in children on imatinib. We analysed the effect of imatinib on anthropometry in children with CML. Methods: The records of children ≤ 18 years with CML diagnosed at our institute between 2003 and 2011 were retrospectively analysed. Children who received imatinib for at least one year and on regular follow up were eligible for growth assessment. The data was analysed using WHO AnthroPlus v1.0.4 and SPSS.v19 software and the Height for age and BMI for age/sex “z” scores were computed. Results: A total of 61 children were started on imatinib. But, only 37 children were eligible for assessment of growth. Of them 3 were further excluded as the WHO AnthroPlus software supported data only till 19 completed years. Median age was 12 years (range: 5 – 17). 17 children were in the prepubertal age (5-11years) at commencement of imatinib. The mean duration of imatinib therapy was 41.24 months (range: 12–91). The overall z- scores for height for age (HAZ) on follow up were significantly (p =0.029) lower, compared to baseline. However when analysed according to age groups, the HAZ was found significantly (p=0.005) lower among 5-11 year age group compared to age group of ≥12 years. No significant differences were observed in BMI for age/sex z scores by age groups, over the period. Conclusions: Imatinib appears to cause growth retardation in prepubertal children. Further follow up may shed more light on the degree of stunting and the deficit in the final adult height.

scholarly journals Anthropometry at discharge and risk of relapse in children treated for severe acute malnutrition: a prospective cohort study in rural Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Guesdon ◽  
Manisha Katwal ◽  
Amod Kumar Poudyal ◽  
Tusli Ram Bhandari ◽  
Emilie Counil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Relapse Risk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Abstract Background There is a dearth of evidence on what should be the optimal criteria for discharging children from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) treatment. Programs discharging children while they are still presenting varying levels of weight-for-height (WHZ) or mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) deficits, such as those implemented under the current national protocol in Nepal, are opportunities to fill this evidence gap. Methods We followed a cohort of children discharged as cured from SAM treatment in Parasi district, Nepal. Relapse as SAM, defined as the occurrence of WHZ<-3 or MUAC < 115 mm or nutritional edema, was investigated through repeated home visits, during six months after discharge. We assessed the contribution of remaining anthropometric deficits at discharge to relapse risk through Cox regressions. Results Relapse as SAM during follow-up was observed in 33 % of the cohort (35/108). Being discharged before reaching the internationally recommended criteria was overall associated with a large increase in the risk of relapse (HR = 3.3; p = 0.006). Among all anthropometric indicators at discharge, WHZ<-2 led to a three-fold increase in relapse risk (HR = 3.2; p = 0.003), while MUAC < 125 mm significantly raised it only in the older children. WHZ<-2 at discharge came up as the only significant predictor of relapse in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.8, p = 0.01), even among children with a MUAC ≥ 125 mm. Of note, more than 80 % of the events of relapse as SAM would have been missed if WHZ had not been monitored and used in the definition of relapse. Conclusions Our results suggest that the priority for SAM management programs should be to ensure that children reach a high level of WHZ at discharge, at least above or equal to the WHO recommended cut-off. The validity of using a single MUAC cut-off such as 125 mm as a suitable discharge criterion for all age groups is questioned. Further follow-up studies providing a complete assessment of nutritional status at discharge and not based on a restricted MUAC-only definition of relapse as SAM would be urgently needed to set evidence-based discharge criteria. These studies are also required to assess programs currently discounting or omitting WHZ for identification and management of SAM.

scholarly journals Factors related to myopia progression in orthokeratology practice: A 2-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijin Wen ◽  
Siqi Ma ◽  
Chuchu Xiao ◽  
Shengfa Hu ◽  
Xufang Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Follow Up Study

Abstract The incidence of myopia in adolescents is gradually increasing, and orthokeratology has achieved effective effects in controlling the progress of myopia, but the effects are mixed. The retrospective study included 30 monocular orthokeratology (ortho-k) lens-treated adolescents to explore the true effectiveness of ortho-k lenses and 36 binocular ortho-k lenses-treated adolescents to study the influencing factors of ortho-k lenses. After 12 months, among 30 adolescents treated with monocular ortho-k lenses, the average axial elongation in the ortho-k group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = 0.002). After 24 months, among 36 adolescents treated binocular ortho-k lenses, the axial elongation in the different initial age groups and different initial myopia groups were significantly different (all P < 0.05). Axial elongation correlated negatively with initial myopia during follow-up periods. In adolescents with myopia, axial elongation can be controlled effectively using an ortho-k lens. Younger children with initial higher myopia will benefit more than older children with initial lower myopia.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Management of Haemophilia in Sweden

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 510-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Marie Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Human Fraction ◽  
Mild Haemophilia

SummaryThe incidence of living haemophiliacs in Sweden (total population 8.1 millions) is about 1:15,000 males and about 1:30,000 of the entire population. The number of haemophiliacs born in Sweden in 5-year periods between 1931-1975 (June) has remained almost unchanged. The total number of haemophilia families in Sweden is 284 (77% haemophilia A, 23% haemophilia B) with altogether 557 (436 with A and 121 with B) living haemophiliacs. Of the haemophilia A patients 40 % have severe, 18 % moderate, and 42 % mild, haemophilia. The distribution of the haemophilia B patients is about the same. Inhibitors have been demonstrated in 8% of the patients with severe haemophilia A and in 10% of those with severe haemophilia B.There are 2 main Haemophilia Centres (Stockholm, Malmo) to which haemophiliacs from the whole of Sweden are admitted for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment for severe bleedings, joint defects and surgery. Minor bleedings are treated at local hospitals in cooperation with the Haemophilia Centres. The concentrates available for treatment in haemophilia A are human fraction 1-0 (AHF-Kabi), cryoprecipitate, Antihaemophilic Factor (Hyland 4) and Kryobulin (Immuno, Wien). AHF-Kabi is the most commonly used preparation. The concentrates available for treatment in haemophilia B are Preconativ (Kabi) and Prothromplex (Immuno). Sufficient amounts of concentrates are available. In Sweden 3.2 million units of factor VIII and 1.0 million units of factor IX are given per year. Treatment is free of charge.Only 5 patients receive domiciliary treatment, but since 1958 we in Sweden have practised prophylactic treatment of boys (4–18 years old) with severe haemophilia A. At about 5-10 days interval they receive AHF in amounts sufficient to raise the AHF level to 40–50%. This regimen has reduced severe haemophilia to moderate. The joint score is identical with that found in moderate haemophilia in the same age groups. For treatment of patients with haemophilia A and haemophilia B complicated by inhibitors we have used a large dose of antigen (factor VIII or factor IX) combined with cyclophosphamide. In most cases this treatment produced satisfactory haemostasis for 5 to 30 days and prevented the secondary antibody rise.

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