scholarly journals Numerical Investigations on Non-Rectangular Anchor Groups under Shear Loads Applied Perpendicular or Parallel to an Edge

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-711
Author(s):  
Boglárka Bokor ◽  
Akanshu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Kinematic Constraint ◽  
Microplane Model ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Rectangular Configuration

Anchorages of non-rectangular configuration, though not covered by current design codes, are often used in practice due to functional or architectural needs. Frequently, such anchor groups are placed close to a concrete edge and are subjected to shear loads. The design of such anchorages requires engineering judgement and no clear rules are given in the codes and standards. In this work, numerical investigations using a nonlinear 3D FE analysis code are carried out on anchor groups with triangular and hexagonal anchor patterns to understand their behavior under shear loads. A microplane model with relaxed kinematic constraint is utilized as the constitutive law for concrete. Two different orientations are considered for both triangular and hexagonal anchor groups while no hole clearance is considered in the analysis. Two loading scenarios are investigated: (i) shear loading applied perpendicular and towards the edge; and (ii) shear loading applied parallel to the edge. The results of the analyses are evaluated in terms of the load-displacement behavior and failure modes. A comparison is made between the results of the numerical simulations and the analytical calculations according to the current approaches. It is found that, similar to the rectangular anchorages, and also for such non-rectangular anchorages without hole clearance, it may be reasonable to calculate the concrete edge breakout capacity by assuming a failure crack from the back anchor row. Furthermore, the failure load of the investigated groups loaded in shear parallel to the edge may be considered as twice the failure load of the corresponding groups loaded in shear perpendicular to the edge.

EFFECT OF TENSILE SPEED ON THE FAILURE LOAD OF A SPOT WELD UNDER COMBINED LOADING CONDITIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG-HAN SONG ◽  
HOON HUH ◽  
JI-HO LIM ◽  
SUNG-HO PARK
Keyword(s):  
Failure Load ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Spot Weld ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Failure ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Failure Loads

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the dynamic failure load of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loading conditions. The testing fixture are designed to impose the combined axial and shear load on the spot weld. Using the proposed testing fixtures and specimens, quasi-static and dynamic failure tests of the spot weld are conducted with seven different combined loading conditions. The failure load and failure behavior of the spot weld are investigated with different loading conditions. Dynamic effects on the failure load of the spot weld, which is critical for structural crashworthiness, are also examined based on the experimental data. In order to evaluate the effect of the strain rate on the failure contour of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loads, the failure loads measured from the experiment are decomposed into the two components along the axial and shear directions. Experimental results indicate that the failure contour is expanded with increasing strain rates according to the rate sensitivity of the ultimate stress for welded material.

Behavior of Glued Connections under Shear Loading

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Klára Machalická ◽  
Martina Eliášová
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Shear Loads

An intensive research in load-bearing glass structures leads to the requirement for performing glass-to-glass or glass-to-different material connections. Glued shear connection is suitable for these applications mainly due to its uniform stress distribution in larger area in comparison with bolted connections. The reliability of adhesive in the connection during the life time of a structure is affected by many factors, [1], [2], [3], [4]. The article deals with the experimental analysis focused on the determination of material characteristics of adhesives in planar connections, it describes the effect of various factors on the behavior of an adhesive joint under increasing shear loads, its ultimate load-bearing capacity and its failure modes. The main investigated factors are the type of adhesive, the type of connected materials (material of substrate), surface treatment and the thickness of the adhesive layer. Due to importance of adhesive layer thickness especially in rigid and semi-rigid glues, numerical models responding to the effect of thickness was carried out.

Beam Shear Connections

2018 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Raharuhi Koia ◽  
Jack Needham ◽  
Saeid Alizadeh ◽  
John Scarry ◽  
Gregory A. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Side Plate ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Current Design ◽  
And Performance

Web side plate (WSP) connections consist of a WSP bolted to the web of a beam. The WSP and the beam web not lying in the same vertical plane cause a load eccentricity under shear or axial loading. However, common design practices in New Zealand do not explicitly consider the effects of this load eccentricity. Therefore, the purpose of this research paper was to investigate the effect this load eccentricity can have on the capacity of a WSP connection when it is subjected to shear loading alone. To do this, a finite element model was developed to predict the behaviour and performance of WSP connections under monotonic shear loading. Via the use of experimental data gathered from previous research into web side plate connections the performance of the model could be validated. It was shown that the finite element model could replicate the behaviour and performance of WSP connections well. Using the validated model procedure two different standard WSP connections were modelled and subjected to various parametric studies. It was found that for some typical NZ configurations the failure modes were identified to be bearing failure of the WSP or beam web and bolt tear out. The failure modes most susceptible to eccentric effects were considered to be bearing of the WSP and bolt shear failure. In general the effects of the eccentricity was considered to not be significant, however, there was one exception. The strength of the WSP connection was seen to decrease by 24% when the WSP was extended. It was concluded that the current design practices were appropriate for all WSP connections investigated except for those with extended WSPs. For extended WSP connections additional guidance was developed. Thus, considering the additional guidance in conjunction with current design practices will result in good behaviour for extended WSP connections.

Effect of Tensile Speed on the Failure Load of Laser Welding under Combined Loading Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 535-536 ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwoong Ha ◽  
Hoon Huh ◽  
Keunhwan Pack ◽  
Soonkeun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Load ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Welding Condition ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Laser Welds ◽  
Failure Loads

This paper is concerned with the failure characteristics and the failure loads of laser welds in a SPRC340 1.2t steel sheet under combined normal and shear loading conditions. The quasi-static and dynamic failure tests were carried out under nine different combined normal and shear loads including a pure-normal load and a pure-shear load. Especially for the pure-shear condition, a testing fixture was newly designed in order to evaluate the strength of a laser-welded region fabricated by the same welding condition as a two-layered lap joint. The failure load and the failure behavior of laser welds were investigated in each loading condition. Dynamic effects on the failure load of laser welds, which are critical for structural crashworthiness, were also examined based on the experimental data. In order to evaluate the effect of the strain rate on the failure contour of laser welds under the combined normal and shear loads, the failure loads measured from the experiment were decomposed into two components along the normal and shear directions.

Rainwater effect on bearing strength of glass–epoxy laminated composite pinned joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (30) ◽  
pp. 4269-4278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Sayman ◽  
Ümran Esendemir
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Specimen Width ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Pinned Joints

Composite materials are used in areas that have varying environmental conditions due to their advantages such as generally higher stiffness- and strength-to-weight ratio, and corrosion resistance compared to metallic alloys. This experimental study is carried out to investigate the bearing strengths and failure modes of woven glass–epoxy composite pinned joints subjected to rainwater. The specimens were immersed in rainwater in a closed plastic container indoors for 20 month periods at room temperature. The ratio of edge-distance-to-hole diameter (E/D) and the ratio of the specimen width-to-hole-diameter (W/D) were selected as parameters. Failure modes were determined by observing the failure regions on the specimens. Damage of immersed and unimmersed specimens was examined using scanning electron misroscopy for the same failure load. Experimental results showed that the bearing load values obtained from the specimens immersed in rainwater decreased in comparison to unimmersed specimens.

Microplane model for concrete with relaxed kinematic constraint

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 2683-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joško Ožbolt ◽  
Yijun Li ◽  
Ivica Kožar
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Constraint ◽  
Microplane Model

Static and Impact Behavior of Self-Pierced Rivet Connections in Aluminum

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelliah Madasamy ◽  
Omar Faruque ◽  
Tau Tyan ◽  
Robert Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Shear Modes ◽  
Importance Assessment

Abstract Self-pierced riveted (SPR) connections in aluminum coupons were tested to evaluate their static and impact performance for automotive vehicle applications. The variables studied included: top gage, bottom gage, rivet size, adhesive, pre-strain, rivet location, strain-rate, and temperature. The SPR connections were tested for coach peel, u-tension, and lap shear modes. A variable importance assessment as well as the estimated effect of the variables on peak force and energy absorption was determined. The failure modes observed during testing were consistent. From this study, it was found that the top gage, bottom gage, and temperature were very sensitive for coach peel, u-tension, and lap shear. Additionally, adhesive was found to be important for shear loading, strain-rate increased the peak force when adhesive was present and, rivet size had a significant effect on both u-tension and coach peel modes. The effect of pre-strain and rivet location was minimal, and therefore their effect in the design process can be considered minimal.

Local FRP-Reinforcement of Clay Hollow Block Panels under Shear Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
Antonio Borri ◽  
Marco Corradi ◽  
Romina Sisti ◽  
Alessio Molinari ◽  
Chiara Quintaliani
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lateral Capacity ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Splitting Failure ◽  
Masonry Material ◽  
Frp Reinforcement ◽  
Hollow Block

The use of clay hollow blocks is common for new constructions in many parts of Europe. The results of 8 full-scale shear tests of block-masonry panels (dimensions 1.60x0.90x0.25 m) are reported in this paper. Non-defective and defective wall panels were tested in shear in the laboratory. Typical failure modes are investigated, not previously reported in the scientific literature. Test results show that the lateral load capacity of the panels is highly affected by construction defects. Furthermore, CFRPs were used in this research as local reinforcement (repair) in the area around the cracks previously opened in the masonry material. The lateral capacity for CFRP-repaired panels was restored to the original value of non-defective panels, indicating that the CFRP-repair of cracked panels is viable solution. An explanation for this phenomenon is suggested, which indicates that the high tensile strength of CFRPs can be effective in repairing cracked block-masonry. It is also argued that this large stress level of the CFRPs leads to a premature tensile CFRP crisis or a splitting failure of the blocks’ shells.

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