scholarly journals Influence of Boronizing on Steel Performance under Erosion-Abrasion-Corrosion Conditions Simulating Downhole Oil Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-324
Author(s):  
Eugene Medvedovski ◽  
Gerardo Leal Mendoza ◽  
Giovanny Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Iron Boride ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Inner Surface

Downhole heavy oil production and oil sand processing are associated with severe damage and failures of production equipment components, e.g., production tubing and pumping systems, due to erosion-corrosion resulting in processing losses, production downtime, high maintenance and replacement cost. Protective coatings (layers) on the production components mostly fabricated from low-alloy steels can be applied to minimize these problems. In the present work, the performance of hard boronized coating on carbon steel obtained through the thermal diffusion process and consisted of two iron boride layers (FeB and Fe2B) was studied in synergistic erosion-abrasion-corrosion conditions simulating oil production environment in comparison with bare steel. Special wear testing equipment was designed and fabricated. In this testing, the inner surface of tubular sections was subjected to high velocity erosive flows of water-oil slurries containing silica sand and salts combined with rotating and oscillating motions of steel pony rods. Structural examination of the studied materials’ surfaces and their profilometry after wear testing were conducted. The iron boride coating demonstrated significantly higher performance in abrasion and erosion-abrasion-corrosion conditions compared to bare carbon steel due to its high hardness, high chemical inertness, dual-layer architecture and diffusion-induced bonding with the substrate. The boronized steel tubing and casing with inner surface protection can be effectively employed in the most critical operation conditions.

scholarly journals Statistical characteristics of pit depth observed on inner surface of carbon steel pipes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (400) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Katsumi MASAMURA ◽  
Iwao MATSUSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Pit Depth

Diffusion of Corrosion Products of Iron in Compacted Bentonite.

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Idemitsu ◽  
H. Furuya ◽  
Y. Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTCarbon steel is one of the candidate overpack materials for high-level waste disposal. The corrosion rate of carbon steel is reduced by the presence of buffer materials such as bentonite and seems to be affected by the diffusion of corrosive materials and corrosion products through the buffer material.The apparent diffusivities of corrosion product of iron were measured in some bentonite specimens in contact with carbon steel. The apparent diffusivities of iron were also measured without carbon steel for comparison. The apparent diffusivities of corrosion product were on the order of 10−12 m2/s and showed a tendency to decrease with increasing density of the bentonite specimen. There was no significant effect of silica sand on the apparent diffusivities. The apparent diffusivities of iron in the system without carbon steel were in the range of 10−14 m2/s and showed a tendency to increase with increasing silica sand content. The difference of the diffusivities between corrosion product and iron without carbon steel seems to be due to the difference of diffusing species. The color of the corrosion product was dark-green during contact with bentonite specimens and became red on exposure to air in a few minutes. Gas bubbles were also observed in the corrosion product. This suggests hydrogen generation during corrosion of the carbon steel. Thus the diffusing species seems to be in a reduced state, probably ferrous ion. On the other hand, the diffusing species of iron without carbon steel was probably a ferric hydroxide complex that was negatively charged. This suggests that ferrous ion could diffuse in the surface water adsorbed on bentonite, while ferric complex was excluded.

Part 3—Underwater Corrosion of Ten Structural Steels Corrosion of Metals in Tropical Environments

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 105t-114t ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. FORGESON ◽  
C. R. SOUTHWELL ◽  
A. L ALEXANDER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Alloy Steels

Abstract Corrosion of ten structural steels exposed to tropical sea and fresh waters has been evaluated following an eight-year exposure period. The severity of corrosion is compared between the natural tropical environments of sea water mean tide, and sea water and fresh water continuous immersion, and correlated with similar corrosion tests that have been made on the east and west coasts of the United States. Corrosion resistance for mild carbon steel is compared when exposed with millscale, pickled, and machined surfaces. Underwater corrosion rates are compared for unalloyed carbon steel, copper-bearing steel, steels containing small percentages of nickel and chromium, and proprietary low-alloy steels. A comprehensive evaluation of the measured and observed effects of corrosion is given for the ten steels following exposure in each of the tropical environments. 2.2.7

Self-healing protective coatings of polyvinyl butyral/polypyrrole-carbon black composite on carbon steel

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
pp. 43237-43249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanapoon Niratiwongkorn ◽  
Gisha Elizabeth Luckachan ◽  
Vikas Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
The Self ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Self Healing

The self-healing nature of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) based organic coatings incorporated with a conducting pigment polypyrrole-carbon black (PPyCB) composite is discussed.

scholarly journals State of production and consumption of plane cold-rolled products from carbon steel with protective coatings in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Ya.D. Vasilev ◽  
◽  
Yu.S. Proydak ◽  
O.A. Bondarenko ◽  
D.N. Samokysh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Cold Rolled

scholarly journals CORROSION OF WELDED CARBON STEEL PIPES IN OIL PRODUCTION FIELDS IN EGYPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Mazen Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Steel Pipes

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Erosion-Corrosion Performance of AISI 1018 Carbon Steel and AISI 304L Stainless Steel 90-Degree Elbow Pipe

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan ◽  
Ya ◽  
Pao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Aisi 304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Erosion Corrosion

Erosion-corrosion is an unavoidable material degradation process in flow pipelines transporting abrasive particles with carrier fluids. In this study, the multiphase flow loop apparatus is employed to assess the erosion-corrosion behavior and mechanism relative to AISI 1018 carbon steel (CS) and AISI 304L stainless steel (SS) 90° long radius elbows with the inner diameter of 50.8 mm. Fine silica sand of 50 µm average size was used as a dispersed phase and erosion-corrosion tests were conducted for slug flow conditions. The erosion-corrosion analysis of 90° elbows was determined from its surface morphologies before and after the experiment using confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The direct mass loss was measured to quantify the erosion-corrosion rate of the elbow configurations. Additionally, multilayer paint modeling experiments were performed to relate qualitative inferences on erosion distribution and location with the erosion-corrosion mechanism. It was observed that the erosion or corrosion pitting mechanism prevailed on the 1018 CS elbow surface, and the 304L SS displayed excellent erosion-corrosion resistance properties. Moreover, the erosion-corrosion rate was found to be 4.12 times more in the 1018 CS compared to the 304L SS with the maximum particle impaction identified at the exit of the horizontal-horizontal (H-H) 90° elbow for slug flow.

Carbon Steel X65QS Pipeline Qualification for Extreme Sour Service a Global Approach: Line Pipe, Welding, Eca Methodology and Diyab Pipeline Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lam-Thanh Luc ◽  
Hamdi Saad ◽  
Matta Tanios ◽  
Dr. Al Bannay Aamer ◽  
Meer Mumtaz Ali Imtiaz Sirsimth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Pipe Welding ◽  
Sour Service

Abstract In the wake of failures of large diameter pipelines made from plates using the Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Process (TMCP), the suitability of carbon steel material for sour environments where the H2S partial pressure is largely over 1 bar has been questioned. Understanding that seamless quench and tempered material are not prone to the same phenomenon as large diameter TMCP pipes, it has been decided to ensure the integrity of the DIYAB pipeline by qualification using the actual production environment pH=3.5 at 24°C and 6.84 bar H2S plus 6.84 bar CO2. The global approach includes the qualification to sour service resistance under 6.84bar H2S of the base material and the welds without post weld heat treatment. Fracture toughness tests under 6.84bar H2S were also conducted, and the results fed into an Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) to define the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) acceptance criteria. The NDT tools were selected for their ability to detect the critical flaws and validated. The global approach methodology and results are presented.

Characterization of aluminium matrix composite of Al-ZnSiFeCuMg alloy reinforced with silica sand tailings particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7094-7108
Author(s):  
Sukanto . ◽  
Rudy Soenoko ◽  
Wahyono Suprapto ◽  
Yudy Surya Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Aluminium Matrix Composite ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Prohibitive Cost

Due to the increased demand for aluminium and the prohibitive cost of producing primary aluminium, the process of making AMCs using recycled aluminium alloy as a matrix and silica sand tailing without leaching as a filler is essential to be developed. For more cost-effective, the purpose of this study is to make particulate aluminium composite matrix AMCs with a matrix of recycled aluminium and reinforced with silica sand tailing without leaching. This research involves the effect of differences in grain size and filler weight percentage on matrix Al-ZnSiFeCuMg recycled aluminium alloy powder. This study used powder metallurgy technology as well as two-way hot-compaction (300°C) and applied a sintering temperature of 550°C. Density, hardness, and wear testing, as well as microstructure analysis, were conducted to determine the characteristics of the resulting AMCs. An increase in hardness of 67% was achieved by the AMCs-164 µm-20%SiO2 specimen, which used a filler grain size of 164 µm wt.20%. Meanwhile, AMCs-31 µm-20%SiO2, which used a filler grain size of 31 µm, only increased by 63%. The wear test result also showed a lower wear rate achieved by the AMCs-164 µm-20%SiO2 specimen. The results analyses using SEM-EDS instruments showed higher agglomeration and porosity in specimens using a filler grain size of 31 µm, while AMCs using a filler grain size of 164 µm showed an even spread of filler powder. Therefore, AMCs that used 164 µm powder-sized fillers have a stronger bond between the filler and the matrix and produce AMCs that are harder than AMCs that use 31 µm fillers.

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