scholarly journals Formation of Unique Characteristics of Hiding and Encoding of Data Blocks Based on the Fragmented Identifier of Information Processed by Cellular Automata

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Elena Kuleshova ◽  
Anatoly Marukhlenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Dobritsa ◽  
Maxim Tanygin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Transformation Rule ◽  
Software Module ◽  
Original Matrix ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Currently, the following applications of the theory of cellular automata are known: symmetric encryption, data compression, digital image processing and some others. There are also studies suggesting the possibility of building a public key system based on cellular automata, but this problem has not been solved. The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for hiding and encoding data blocks based on a fragmented identifier of information processed on the basis of cellular automata in the scale of binary data streams using an original method containing an public parameter in the conversion key. A mathematical model of the formation of unique data characteristics is considered, based on the use of patterns that determine the individual neighborhood of elements in cell encryption. A multi-threaded computing scheme has been developed for processing confidential data using the single-key method with a public parameter based on cellular automata and using data segmentation. To study individual chains in data blocks, a software module has been developed that allows one to evaluate the uniformity of information distribution during encryption. A variant of estimating the distribution of bits is proposed that indirectly reflects the cryptographic strength of the method. Based on the developed theoretical principles, a software module is synthesized that implements a transformation rule that takes into account the individual neighborhood of the processed element on the basis of a cellular automata. Experimental studies have shown that this modification made it possible to increase the speed of the method by up to 13 percent due to segmentation and the possibility of parallel processing of the original matrix, as well as to increase cryptographic strength due to the use of a unique chain of pseudo-random neighborhood (hereinafter referred to as PRN) defined by the transformation key. At the same time, it was possible to maintain uniformity of distribution of the output chain at the bit level and to ensure that the number of inversions was included in the confidence interval.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Calculation of Predictive Odds for Possible Carriers of Haemophilia

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. M Prentice ◽  
C. D Forbes ◽  
Sandra Morrice ◽  
A. D McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Factor Viii Related Antigen ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Betting Odds

SummaryBetting odds for possible carriers of haemophilia have been calculated using data derived from normal and known carrier populations. For each possible carrier the concentration of factor VIII-related antigen and factor VIII biological activity was measured and used to determine the probability of the individual being a carrier. The calculations indicated that, of the 32 possible carriers, 11 were likely to be normal (odds of more than 5:1) while 11 were likely to be haemophilia carriers (again odds of more than 5:1).

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

Effect of Visual Feedback on the Static and Kinematic Characteristics of Handwriting

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pertsinakis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Software Module ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Pen Tablet ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Document Examiners

Research on visual feedback has not produced consistent results to show how visual feedback or the lack, thereof, influences individual handwriting characteristics. A two-pronged approach was designed to investigate the degree of this influence. For this purpose, samples of signatures as well as cursive and block text, written with and without visual feedback, were collected from 40 volunteers and imported into a PC via a pen tablet, using an electronic inking pen. The data was analyzed in a handwriting movement analysis software module specially designed for this research that was added to the software MovAlyzeR by Neuroscript LLC. Two forensic document examiners (FDEs) independently analyzed samples from the two groups (samples executed with normal visual feedback versus the group of samples executed without visual feedback). They found no fundamental differences between these two groups. Their analyses also demonstrated that a large number of similarities existed in the general design of the allographs (alternative forms of a letter or other grapheme) and in the pictorial aspects, regardless of the complexity of the samples. In the cursive and block handwriting, four main qualitative characteristics were linked to the absence of visual feedback: change of overall size, non-uniformity of left margins, change of baseline alignment, and inclusion of extra trajectories. The statistical analysis verified the above findings. The comparative analysis also suggests that gender, educational level (above high school) and handedness create an insignificant influence on the individual characteristics of writing produced with and without visual feedback. The only notable exception is the relationship between signature duration and educational level. The volunteers with a medium education level showed a significant increase in duration while signing their names without visual feedback in comparison to those with higher education levels. The combination of the above findings suggests that handwriting is not fundamentally influenced by visual feedback.  Purchase Article - $10

Prognostic role of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) measurement in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Aloisio ◽  
Federica Braga ◽  
Chiara Puricelli ◽  
Mauro Panteghini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Abstract Objectives Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial disease with limited therapeutic options. The measurement of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) glycoprotein has been proposed for evaluating the risk of IPF progression and predicting patient prognosis, but the robustness of available evidence is unclear. Methods We searched Medline and Embase databases for peer-reviewed literature from inception to April 2020. Original articles investigating KL-6 as prognostic marker for IPF were retrieved. Considered outcomes were the risk of developing acute exacerbation (AE) and patient survival. Meta-analysis of selected studies was conducted, and quantitative data were uniformed as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were finally meta-analysed. For AE development, the pooled OR (seven studies) for KL-6 was 2.72 (CI 1.22–6.06; p=0.015). However, a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=85.6%) was found among selected studies. Using data from three studies reporting binary data, a pooled sensitivity of 72% (CI 60–82%) and a specificity of 60% (CI 52–68%) were found for KL-6 measurement in detecting insurgence of AE in IPF patients. Pooled HR (seven studies) for mortality prediction was 1.009 (CI 0.983–1.036; p=0.505). Conclusions Although our meta-analysis suggested that IPF patients with increased KL-6 concentrations had a significant increased risk of developing AE, the detection power of the evaluated biomarker is limited. Furthermore, no relationship between biomarker concentrations and mortality was found. Caution is also needed when extending obtained results to non-Asian populations.

Evaluation of the sensitivity of faecal sampling for detection of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium and other Salmonella in cattle and pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 1681-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. ARNOLD ◽  
R. J. GOSLING ◽  
F. MARTELLI ◽  
D. MUELLER-DOBLIES ◽  
R. H. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Groups

SUMMARYThere has been a rapid rise in the prevalence of cases of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (mST) in both humans and farm animals, and it has been found in pigs, cattle and poultry. It is therefore vital to have a good understanding of how to efficiently detect infected farms. The objective of this project was to determine sample type sensitivity in the detection of Salmonella to detect infected groups of animals on both pig (breeder, grower and finisher sites) and cattle (beef and dairy) farms, using data collected from a study investigating farms that were positive for mST, and to explore any variation between different age groups and management practices. A Bayesian approach in the absence of a gold standard was adopted to analyse the individual and pooled faecal sample data collected from each epidemiological group on each of the farms. The sensitivity of pooled sampling depended on the prevalence of infection in the group being sampled, with a higher prevalence leading to higher sensitivity. Pooled sampling was found to be more efficient at detecting positive groups of animals than individual sampling, with the probability of a random sample from a group of animals with 5% prevalence testing positive being equal to 15·5% for immature pigs (3·6% for an individual faecal sample, taking into account the sensitivity and infection prevalence), 7·1% for adult pigs (1·2% for individual sampling), 30% for outdoor cattle (2% for individual sampling) and 34% for indoor cattle (1% for individual sampling). The mean prevalence of each epidemiological group was higher in outdoor farms than indoor for both pigs and cattle (mean within-farm prevalence of 29·4% and 38·7% for outdoor pigs and cattle, respectively, compared to 19·8% and 22·1% for indoor pigs and cattle)

Method of experimental evaluation of the efficiency coefficient of vibration protection of the rope-rod coupling "MAMSAR+A" of the diesel generator set DGA-8.83

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
М.А. Минасян ◽  
А.М. Минасян ◽  
Ц. Цзэн
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Vibration Protection ◽  
Rigid Connection ◽  
Two Stages

Объектом исследования является опытный образец запатентованной канатностержневой муфты (КСМ) «MAMSAR+А» в качестве привода дизель-генераторного агрегата ДГА-8,83 мощностью 9,56 кВт при частоте вращения 1500 мин-1 с дизелем 2Ч 8,5/11 и генератором «ГК-5,6». Целью исследования является экспериментальная оценка коэффициента эффективности вибрационной защиты КСМ. Поставленная цель достигается разработкой и реализацией оригинальной методики экспериментальной оценки коэффициента эффективности КСМ с анализом и выводами результатов экспериментальных исследований. Экспериментальные исследования проводятся в два этапа. Первый этап – с упругим соединением КСМ, второй этап – с жестким соединением. Оригинальность методики экспериментальной оценки коэффициента эффективности вибрационной защиты КСМ главным образом заключается в том, что между двумя этапами экспериментальных исследований КСМ не демонтируется. Следовательно, качество центровки не нарушается. Усредненный коэффициент эффективности виброизоляции КСМ составляет от 3 до 8 дБ. The object of this research is a prototype of the patented wire rope coupling (KSM) "MAMSAR+A" as a drive for a diesel-generator unit DGA-8.83 with a power of 9.56 kW at a speed of 1500 min-1 with a 2CH 8.5/11 diesel engine and a generator "KG-5.6". The aim of the research is to experimentally evaluate the efficiency coefficient of vibration protection of the KSM. This goal is achieved by developing and implementing an original method for experimental evaluation the efficiency coefficient of the KSM with analysis and conclusions of the results of experimental studies. Experimental studies are conducted in two stages. The first stage - with an elastic connection of the coupling, the second stage - with a rigid connection. The originality of the method of experimental evaluation of the efficiency coefficient of vibration protection of the KSM mainly lies in the fact that the KSM is not dismantled between the two stages of experimental research. Therefore, the quality of alignment is not violated. The average coefficient of vibration isolation efficiency of the KSM is from 3 to 8 dB.

Are Religious Parents More Satisfied Parents? Individual- and Couple-Level Religious Correlates of Parenting Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1770-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Nelson ◽  
Jeremy E. Uecker
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Parenting Satisfaction ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Evangelical Protestants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the 2014 Baylor Religion Survey, we examine the relationship between various aspects of religion and parenting satisfaction. Results confirm prior research findings that personal religiosity is positively associated with parenting satisfaction. We also find that religious heterogamy among couples is associated with lower odds of being a satisfied parent. Furthermore, parents who view their parenting as holy or sacred have much higher odds of reporting being satisfied as parents, and the observed relationships between religiosity and parenting satisfaction at both the individual and couple levels are no longer statistically significant in models controlling for parenting sanctification. The religiously unaffiliated have higher odds than evangelical Protestants of having high parenting satisfaction, suggesting the possible presence of parenting pressures within religious communities with a strong emphasis on family life.

Averaging and integral manifolds

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Coppel ◽  
K. J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous System ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Integral Manifold ◽  
Artificial Viscosity ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Method Of Averaging ◽  
System Of Differential Equations ◽  
Viscosity Term ◽  
Integral Manifolds ◽  
The Individual

An integral manifold for a system of differential equations is a manifold such that any solution of the equations which has a point on it is entirely contained on it. The method of averaging establishes the existence of such a manifold for a system which is a perturbation of an autonomous system with a periodic orbit. The existence of the manifold is established here under more general hypotheses, namely for perturbations which are ‘integrally small’. The method differs from the original method of Bogolyubov and Mitropolskii and operates directly with the individual solutions. This is made possibly by the use of an appropriate norm, and is equivalent to solving the partial differential equation which occurs in work by Moser and Sacker by the method of characteristics rather than by the introduction of an artificial viscosity term. Moreover, detailed smoothness properties of the manifold are obtained. For periodic perturbations the integral manifold is a torus and these smoothness properties are just sufficient to permit the application of Denjoy's theorem.

scholarly journals Estimates of Michaelis-Menten Constants for the Two Membranes of the Brain Endothelium

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Gjedde ◽  
Ove Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
Capillary Endothelial Cells ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tracer Experiments

Tracer studies on facilitated diffusion across the blood–brain barrier lead to the calculation of Michaelis-Menten constants that describe the rate of transport. However, the barrier consists of two endothelial cell membranes, and the relevance of single Michaelis-Menten constants in relation to the two cell membranes is unknown. We have formulated a model of two endothelial cell membranes and show that the measured Michaelis-Menten constants are simple functions of the properties of the individual membranes when transport across the endothelium is rapid ( P1 > 10−6 cm s−1). We also show that the Michaelis-Menten constants determined in tracer experiments describe facilitated diffusion in the steady state only if the two membranes have similar transport properties. As an application of this observation, we have examined three experimental studies that measure glucose transport in the steady state and show that the Michaelis-Menten constants for glucose transport calculated from the tracer experiments are equal to the constants calculated from the steady-state experiments. We conclude that the luminal and abluminal membranes of brain capillary endothelial cells have equal glucose transport properties.

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