scholarly journals The Spider Anatomy Ontology (SPD)—A Versatile Tool to Link Anatomy with Cross-Disciplinary Data

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín J. Ramírez ◽  
Peter Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Biomedical Ontologies ◽  
Anatomy Ontology ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Open Biomedical Ontologies ◽  
Reference Ontology ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Behavior

Spiders are a diverse group with a high eco-morphological diversity, which complicates anatomical descriptions especially with regard to its terminology. New terms are constantly proposed, and definitions and limits of anatomical concepts are regularly updated. Therefore, it is often challenging to find the correct terms, even for trained scientists, especially when the terminology has obstacles such as synonyms, disputed definitions, ambiguities, or homonyms. Here, we present the Spider Anatomy Ontology (SPD), which we developed combining the functionality of a glossary (a controlled defined vocabulary) with a network of formalized relations between terms that can be used to compute inferences. The SPD follows the guidelines of the Open Biomedical Ontologies and is available through the NCBO BioPortal (ver. 1.1). It constitutes of 757 valid terms and definitions, is rooted with the Common Anatomy Reference Ontology (CARO), and has cross references to other ontologies, especially of arthropods. The SPD offers a wealth of anatomical knowledge that can be used as a resource for any scientific study as, for example, to link images to phylogenetic datasets, compute structural complexity over phylogenies, and produce ancestral ontologies. By using a common reference in a standardized way, the SPD will help bridge diverse disciplines, such as genomics, taxonomy, systematics, evolution, ecology, and behavior.

scholarly journals Enhancing BPMN 2.0 informational perspective to support interoperability for cross-organizational business processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Miroslav Ljubicic ◽  
Nenad Anicic ◽  
Zoran Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Reference Ontology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Implementation Level ◽  
Business Process Modeling Notation

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is being adopted as one of the industry standards for modeling cross-organizational business processes (CBPs). BPMN analyzes a business process as a set of interrelated activities, focusing primarily on the functional perspective of the process. However, for successful CBP modeling, an informational perspective is important. Although BPMN 2.0 supports information flow design, existing representations of data/information elements are not sufficient to support CBP modeling requirements. In this light, the paper proposes an approach for formal modeling and specification of information requirements used and generated in the CBPs. A UML View Profile is introduced to specify information requirements as views over the common reference ontology. A BPMN 2.0 extension is introduced to connect the defined views and the corresponding process activities. Ultimately, the proposed information requirements specification enables generation of the message instance and its transformation at the implementation level.

Cultural and communicative formulae as a reflection of the concepts of culture as an expression of the spiritual content of civilizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Alekseevna Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
And Behavior

The analysis of civilizational pictures of the world through the prism of linguistic universals allows one to reveal the general and the particular in the «human — world» system, which contributes to a more complete understanding of their cultural semantics. Cultural standards vary across civilizations. Their description on the material of multi-structural, genetically heterogeneous languages, civilizations and cultures makes it possible to reveal the common foundations of people's social life despite the fact that their cultural codes are different, often creating the impression of a complete incompatibility of the thinking and behavior of their representatives. Therefore, studies based on the description of fundamentally dissimilar civilizations and cultures, demonstrating the groundlessness of such impressions, are relevant. The article examines cultural and communicative formulae as a reflection of the civilizational pictures of the world. Cultural and communicative formulae (CCF) are defined by the author as the simplest, stable, high-frequency units of culture used at all levels of social and cultural life, which, being a combination of signs, compactly represent the culture in its similarity and difference with other cultures and make it possible to establish a dialogue of cultures in minimum of data involved. CCF provide communication through verbal forms of language, gestures, styles, etc., i.e. through all cultural forms that can be translated into signs of a given culture and are sufficient to have a minimal idea of it. The article examines the CCF using the example of concise verbal forms belonging to folk speech, which include proverbs and sayings, «winged words», precedent phrases that are a component of the civilizational picture of the world. The materials of the article may be of interest for preparation at the higher educational institution in the framework of the fields of «Linguistics», «International relations» and «Culturology».

Open Biomedical Ontologies applied to prostate cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Overton ◽  
Cesare Romagnoli ◽  
Rethy Chhem
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Biomedical Ontologies ◽  
Open Biomedical Ontologies

Social Imitation - A Neglected Factor in Psychotherapy?

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (562) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

The treatment of neurotic emotional responses and behaviour patterns has probably generated more controversies and fewer verifiable observations than any other aspect of psychiatric practice. Tentative hypotheses have been all too quick to take root, expanding into comprehensive theoretical systems, and often obscuring the growth of objective information. Lately, however, a more cautious and empirical attitude appears to be gaining ground. For example, Marks (1971) has pointed out that workers in this field increasingly recognize the presence of factors influencing outcome which are not explained or even contradicted by those concepts and strategies which underlie the techniques employed. Psychotherapists of both behaviourist and psychodynamic persuasions are beginning to express an awareness of the limitations and dangers of a too rigid theoretical approach. Such a movement towards uncommitted empiricism seems a healthy trend. This may be furthered by the more careful examination of specific treatment regimes applied to a variety of diagnostically homogeneous groups of patients, an approach which is clearly preferable to sterile arguments about their relative overall effectiveness in the usual heterogeneous collections of neurotic patients with which the literature abounds. In the recently published Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (1971), the editors comment on the frequency with which their contributors criticize the lack of replicated studies and the common failure to describe in adequate detail the specific features of patient, method and therapist. From whatever aspect it is viewed, psychotherapy emerges as a complex personal interaction containing many components, all difficult to quantify and unlikely to combine their effects in an easily predictable way.

scholarly journals Construction of Nursing Intervention Model and Clinical Empirical Study on Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Gene Polymorphism in Children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Jiangyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase ◽  
Hydroxylase Gene ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

ADHD is a common disease in children, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Attention deficit is the main manifestation of ADHD, which has a serious impact on children’s learning and growth. The treatment of ADHD is mainly western medicine, supplemented by psychotherapy. More and more studies have shown that ADHD has similar characteristics to psychological diseases, and dopamine beta hydroxylase gene abnormality is the common feature of most mental diseases. In view of the potential relationship between ADHD and dopamine β hydroxylase gene, this paper will study the polymorphism of dopamine β hydroxylase gene in children with ADHD under the nursing intervention mode. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is theoretical research. In this part, we deeply analyze ADHD. We think that the pathogenesis of ADHD mainly comes from four factors: heredity, environment, nutrition, and behavior. In order to further test the relationship between ADHD and dopamine beta hydroxylase gene, the corresponding experimental model was established in the second part of this paper. All the samples in the experiment are from real cases. The experimental principle and specific operation steps are given in detail. In order to facilitate comparison, the same number of control groups was established in addition to the real disease. The third part is the experimental results and analysis. After a number of comparative experiments, through the analysis of experimental data, we believe that ADHD is closely related to the gene of dopamine beta hydroxylase. Among them, the A2 gene in the patient group was significantly more than that in the normal group, which further verified that ADHD has the characteristics of common psychological diseases.

Improving the performance of CZTS battery with environmental buffer layer and analyzing the effect of MoS2 layer on the battery

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150071
Author(s):  
Yuhang Niu ◽  
Jiyu Tang ◽  
Wenchao Zhang ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Reference Structure ◽  
Optimal Thickness ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Doping Type

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) materials have been widely investigated due to their excellent properties in solar cell applications. The common reference structure for CZTS cells is Al:ZnO(AZO)/i-ZnO/CdS/CZTS, but it is critical to find a suitable buffer layer material to replace toxic cadmium (Cd). In addition, the efficiency of CZTS cells is improved by improving the doping type (n or p) and doping concentration of MoS2 generated during the manufacturing process. wxAMPS was used to simulate the performance of a CZTS battery with an Al:ZnO/i-ZnO/Zn(O,S)/CZTS/(MoS2) structure. The performance of batteries using Zn(O,S) and CdS as buffer layers was compared. The optimal thickness of CZTS layer and the doping concentration of CZTS layer were calculated, and the doping type and concentration of MoS2 layer were analyzed and the performance of the battery was improved by optimizing the solar cell parameters. This work provides novel ideas for designing and manufacturing higher performance solar cells.

scholarly journals Building Group Key Establishment on Group Theory: A Modular Approach

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Jens-Matthias Bohli ◽  
María I. González Vasco ◽  
Rainer Steinwandt
Keyword(s):  
Protocol Design ◽  
Key Establishment ◽  
Group Key ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Ring Configuration ◽  
Diffie Hellman ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group Key Establishment ◽  
Common Reference String

A group key establishment protocol is presented and proven secure in the common reference string mode. The protocol builds on a group-theoretic assumption, and a concrete example can be obtained with a decision Diffie–Hellman assumption. The protocol is derived from a two-party solution by means of a protocol compiler presented by Abdalla et al. at TCC 2007, evidencing the possibility of meaningfully integrating cryptographic and group-theoretic tools in cryptographic protocol design. This compiler uses a standard ring configuration, where all users behave symmetrically, exchanging keys with their left and right neighbor, which are later combined to yield a shared group key.

scholarly journals Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Aria ◽  
Fangchen Zhao ◽  
Han Zeng ◽  
Jin Guo ◽  
Maoyan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bayesian Phylogeny

Abstract Background Early Cambrian Lagerstätten from China have greatly enriched our perspective on the early evolution of animals, particularly arthropods. However, recent studies have shown that many of these early fossil arthropods were more derived than previously thought, casting uncertainty on the ancestral euarthropod body plan. In addition, evidence from fossilized neural tissues conflicts with external morphology, in particular regarding the homology of the frontalmost appendage. Results Here we redescribe the multisegmented megacheirans Fortiforceps and Jianfengia and describe Sklerolibyon maomima gen. et sp. nov., which we place in Jianfengiidae, fam. nov. (in Megacheira, emended). We find that jianfengiids show high morphological diversity among megacheirans, both in trunk ornamentation and head anatomy, which encompasses from 2 to 4 post-frontal appendage pairs. These taxa are also characterized by elongate podomeres likely forming seven-segmented endopods, which were misinterpreted in their original descriptions. Plesiomorphic traits also clarify their connection with more ancestral taxa. The structure and position of the “great appendages” relative to likely sensory antero-medial protrusions, as well as the presence of optic peduncles and sclerites, point to an overall homology with the anterior head of radiodontans. This is confirmed by our Bayesian phylogeny, which places jianfengiids as the basalmost euarthropods, paraphyletic with other megacheirans, and in contiguity with isoxyids and radiodontans. Conclusions Sklerolibyon and other jianfengiids expand the disparity of megacheirans and suggest that the common euarthropod ancestor possessed a remarkable phenotypic variability associated with the externalized cephalon, as well as endopods that were already heptopodomerous, which differs from previous hypotheses and observations. These animals also demonstrate that the frontalmost pair of arthrodized appendage is homologous between radiodontans and megacheirans, refuting the claim that the radiodontan frontal appendages evolved into the euarthropod labrum, and questioning its protocerebral identity. This evidence based on external anatomy now constitutes a solid benchmark upon which we should address issues of homology, with the help of carefully examined palaeoneurological data.

Partitioning biochemical reference data intosubgroups: comparison of existing methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
New Method ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractFour existing methods for partitioning biochemical reference data into subgroups are compared. Two of these, the method of Sinton et al. and that of Ichihara and Kawai, are based on a quotient of a difference between the subgroups and the reference interval for the combined distribution. The criterion of Sinton et al. appears rather stringent and could lead to recommendations to apply a common reference interval in many cases where establishment of group-specific reference intervals would be more useful. The method of Ichihara and Kawai is similar to that of Sinton et al., but their criterion, based on a quantity derived from between-group and within-group variances, seems to lead to inconsistent results when applied to some model cases. These two methods have the common weakness of using gross differences between subgroup distributions as an indicator of differences between their reference limits, while distributions with different means can actually have equal reference limits and those with equal means can have different reference limits. The idea of Harris and Boyd to require that the proportions of the subgroup distributions outside the common reference limits be kept reasonably close to the ideal value of 2.5% as a prerequisite for using common reference limits seems to have been a major improvement. The other two methods considered, that of Harris and Boyd and the “new method” follow this idea. The partitioning criteria of Harris and Boyd have previously been shown to provide a poor correlation to those proportions, however, and the weaknesses of their method are summarized in a list of five drawbacks. Different versions of the new method offer improvements to these drawbacks.

scholarly journals Branching System of the Mexican Hawthorn “Tejocote” (Crataegus Spp.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Pérez-Ortega ◽  
Antonio H. Méndez-Santiago ◽  
Raúl Nieto-Angel ◽  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Inflorescence Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Character

Abstract The architecture of the tejocote (pronounciation: tehocote) - a Mexican fruit trees is described. There is a great morphological diversity among the tejocote clones growing in Germplasm Bank of the Autonomic University of Chapingo, Mexico. The common character of all hawthorns in this bank is that the inflorescence axis dies after shedding the reproductive parts (flowers or fruits) but remains on the tree, and the growth continues from the bud situated below the dead part. The growth and ramification habit were described as long shoots showing marked apical dominance and as the complex of shoots showing week apical dominance. The non-pruned trees of tejocote clones used as fruit trees form strong natural crown. The architecture of it is similar to the “Troll’s model” of Hallé and Oldeman (1970). Metamorphosis and reiteration are relatively frequent. The inflorescence structure was described, as well as the types of thorns in clones, which have thorns. Tejocote hawthorn may probably be an interesting fruit tree for countries with warm climate and a long dry period. It is also well adapted to shallow calcareous soils.

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