scholarly journals Impacts of Forest Thinning and White-Tailed Deer Herbivory on Translocation of the Rare Terrestrial Orchid Platanthera integrilabia

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Savanna Wooten ◽  
Geoff Call ◽  
Adam Dattilo ◽  
Jennifer Cruse-Sanders ◽  
Jennifer Nagel Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Deer Herbivory ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
New Occurrences ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Translocation is increasingly being used to supplement existing occurrences and establish new occurrences of rare plant species, but translocation success is dependent on understanding responses to habitat conditions and management. Platanthera integrilabia (white fringeless orchid) is a rare terrestrial orchid species presently found in mostly small occurrences that comprise a fraction of its historical distribution and abundance in the southeastern United States. We investigated the influence of shade and white-tailed deer herbivory, as cited concerns for this species, on the early success of its translocation from tubers as determined through measures of emergence, survival, growth, and reproduction of two cohorts. Our findings suggest that translocation from tubers could be a viable option to assist the conservation of P. integrilabia relative to its propagation from seed, but that low early emergence, survival, and flowering rates should be considered in translocation plans. Our results also indicate that translocation and ongoing habitat management should consider the potential for light availability to differentially impact distinct plant life stages and influence deer herbivory. We recommend that additional translocation studies designed to investigate the influence of site conditions on outcomes could improve the success of such efforts as well as inform the management of extant occurrences.

Survival of transplanted terrestrial orchid seedlings in urban bushland habitats with high or low weed cover

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scade ◽  
M. C. Brundrett ◽  
A. L. Batty ◽  
K. W. Dixon ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Adjacent Field

The conservation of wild orchid populations may depend on the establishment of propagated orchids to field sites to help sustain depleted populations if natural recruitment is not successful. However, very little is known about biotic factors which influence the establishment of terrestrial orchid seedlings in natural habitats. An experiment was established to measure the survival of six orchid species during their first growing season following transplantation to a West Australian urban bushland with a Banksia and Eucalyptus canopy and understorey dominated either by weeds or native vegetation. Symbiotically germinated orchid seedlings raised in the laboratory for 5 months before planting were established in adjacent field sites with high or low weed cover. There was a gradual mortality of seedlings at field sites throughout the growing season, primarily owing to insect grazing, and this was not affected by the enclosure of seedlings by wire mesh or shade cloth. Overall rates of survival varied from 49% for Microtis media R.Br., a species capable of growing in disturbed habitats, to 21% for Caladenia arenicola Hopper & A.P.Brown, the most common native orchid at these sites. However, not all surviving seedlings produced a tuber, so their expected rate of survival after the next dry season was reduced further. The factors having the greatest impact on seedling survival were site aspect (slope and canopy cover), weed cover and orchid species respectively. Orchid seedling survival was not well correlated with the presence of existing orchids of the same species at the same sites or the presence of compatible fungi in soil at these sites (simultaneously measured by orchid seed baiting).

scholarly journals Asymbiotic in vitro germination and seed quality assessment of Australian terrestrial orchids

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Dowling ◽  
Manfred Jusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Asymbiotic Germination

Determining the seed quality and germination requirements for threatened orchid species in storage is vital for future conservation efforts. Seeds of many Australian terrestrial orchid species are held in conservation collections around the country, but few have been germinated in vitro, fuelling concerns over their long-term viability. This study tested three methods of assessing orchid seed quality; asymbiotic germination was compared with vital staining using triphenyltetrazolium chloride or fluorescein diacetate. Six culture media were examined for efficacy in promoting asymbiotic seed germination of four Australian terrestrial orchid species (Pterostylis nutans, Microtis arenaria, Thelymitra pauciflora and Prasophyllum pruinosum). Germination occurred on all media but germination rates were consistently highest on BM1 and development was most advanced on BM1, P723 and Malmgren media. Subsequent trials tested the efficacy of BM1 for asymbiotic germination of additional genera (Caladenia, Calochilus and Diuris), several congeneric species, and two species collected from several different provenances within each of their ranges. The results indicate that asymbiotic germination on BM1 medium is an effective technique for testing the performance of Australian terrestrial orchid seeds. The efficacy of vital stains to determine seed viability, however, remains uncertain, as significant disagreement between degree of staining and germinability was observed for some species.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity guides conservation strategies among rare terrestrial orchid species when taxonomy remains uncertain

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin W. Ahrens ◽  
Megan A. Supple ◽  
Nicola C. Aitken ◽  
David J. Cantrill ◽  
Justin O. Borevitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species

scholarly journals Understanding the distribution of three species of epiphytic orchids in temperate Australian rainforest by investigation of their host and fungal associates

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Gowland ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius ◽  
Mark Clements ◽  
Adrienne Nicotra
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Associates

Understanding the environmental constraints that affect species distributions are critical to the mainte- nance of biodiversity. The abundance of epiphytic organisms, those that grow on another substrate, such as a tree or rock, is a direct consequence of the avail- ability and distribution of these substrates (Ackerman et al. 1989). In the case of epiphytic orchids it is also due to the presence of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). For an orchid, crucial to its germination and establishment, is its association with an OMF. The OMF provides a carbon source to the developing orchid embryo (Rasmussen 1995). Although recipro- cal carbon transfer has been demonstrated in mature plants of a green, terrestrial, orchid species, Goodyera repens (Cameron et al. 2006), it is generally believed that OMF receive no immediate benefit from their association with orchids. Therefore, it would appear intuitive that orchids would associate with all OMF available within their local environment and that they would actively seek this association. 

Percid Habitat: The River Analogy

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1936-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
Murray G. Johnson ◽  
C. Kenneth Minns ◽  
Kenneth H. Loftus ◽  
Lorne Greig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

We propose that the optimum habitat of the percid fishes Perca flavescens, P. fluviatilis, Stizostedton vitreum vitreum, and S. lucioperca in lakes may be defined by the littoral and sublittoral environmental conditions equivalent to those in large, temperate rivers. Analogous habitat conditions include sand or gravel substrate, low current velocity, reduced light penetration (Stizostedion spp. only), temperatures optimal for growth and reproduction, and well-oxygenated spawning substrates. The species' evolutionary origins and reproductive patterns also reflect their riverine ancestral habitat. Evidence in support of the hypothesis is derived from the diversity of papers contributed to the PERCIS Symposium. Key words: Percidae, habitat, theory, Perca, Stizostedion

scholarly journals Protocorm-Supporting Fungi Are Retained in Roots of Mature Tipularia discolor Orchids as Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Increases

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Melissa McCormick ◽  
Robert Burnett ◽  
Dennis Whigham
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Fungal Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Mycorrhizal fungi are critical to understanding the distribution patterns of many plants, but they are especially important for orchids. Some orchids may change the mycorrhizal fungi they use through their lives, either in response to changes in abiotic or biotic conditions, or as a result of ontogenetic changes that alter the orchid’s need for fungal nutrition. The temperate terrestrial orchid Tipularia discolor germinates only on decomposing wood, but often persists well after the wood has completely decomposed and has been incorporated into the soil. We used PCR and Sanger sequencing to ask: (1) Do mature T. discolor retain protocorm fungi or are protocorm and adult mycorrhizal fungi mutually exclusive? (2) Are protocorm fungi limited to areas with decomposing wood? (3) Does the abundance of protocorm fungi in the substrate differ between decomposing wood and bare soil? We found that T. discolor retained protocorm fungi into maturity, regardless of whether they were growing in persistent decomposing wood or soil. Protocorm fungi were not restricted to decomposing wood but were more common and abundant in it. We conclude that the mycorrhizal fungi associated with T. discolor change during the ontogeny of individuals. These results highlight the importance of assessing protocorm fungi, in addition to mycorrhizal fungi associating with adult orchids, to understand the conditions needed for orchid germination, growth, and reproduction.

scholarly journals Pollinium development in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames.and Cymbidium pendulum SW: a comparative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kant ◽  
Mohammad Musharof Hossain ◽  
Lucky K Attri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Spiranthes Sinensis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Comparative studies on the early anther development, anther wall differentiation, pollinium development and pollen grains surface features in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames. (a terrestrial orchid) and Cymbidium pendulum Sw. (an epiphytic orchid) using light and scanning electron microscopy were described. Anther primordium initiated as a homogenous mass of meristematic cells which developed two thecae, each with a group of archesporial cells of dense cytoplasmic contents. The sporogenous cells of the hypodermal layer formed the anther wall which was 4-5 layered in S. sinensis and 7-layered in C. pendulum. The rare feature of 2-layered endothecium in S. sinensis and a 2-layered tapetum in C. pendulum was reported. Papillate epidermis was observed in C. pendulum. A complete septum of sterile cells in S. sinensis and partial in C. pendulum was observed. Pollen grains were mono-aperturate, reticulate and shed as tetrads in S. sinensis while either monoaperturate or inaperturate, tectate pollen grains and dispersed as hard pollinia in C. pendulum. This is a see-through information for accurate classification and phylogenetic reconstructions of orchid species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18035 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 307-314, 2013 (December)

scholarly journals Enhancing the Resilience of a Mediterranean Forest to Extreme Drought Events and Climate Change: Pinus—Tetraclinis Forests in Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Juan Miguel Moya-Pérez ◽  
María Francisca Carreño ◽  
Miguel Ángel Esteve-Selma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Tetraclinis Articulata

The southeast Iberian Peninsula is the only place in the European Community where Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters populations are native. In this area, the optimal ecological niche for this species is occupied by Pinus halepensis (Miller). The increasing intensity of extreme drought events induced by climate change causes severe declines in pine forests, while providing expansion opportunities for established Tetraclinis populations. Within the framework of the LIFE-TETRACLINIS project, a study has been designed to simulate the pine forest decline effects on the population dynamics of this protected species. This work investigates the effects of decreasing competition on T. articulata specimens with limited reproductive activity. To induce the reproductive activity of these specimens through increasing the availability of light, the surrounding pines were removed within a 15 m radius. Increased light availability was modelled using “Light Detection And Ranging” (LiDAR) data, and changes in the main reproductive parameters were registered throughout the study period. A significant increase in the reproductive population was achieved, as well as the cones produced per specimen and the recruitment. Findings obtained are promising for the habitat management in continental Europe and enhancing this forest system’s resilience to extreme drought events and climate change.

Pollination of Diuris maculata (Orchidaceae) by male Trichocolletes venustus bees

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Indsto ◽  
Peter H. Weston ◽  
Mark A. Clements ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Michael Batley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Aflp Fingerprinting ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
A Site ◽  
Nectar Guide

In a previous study, the Australian terrestrial orchid Diuris maculata sensu lato, from a site near Melbourne in Victoria, was suggested to be a floral mimic of several sympatric legume species. The widespread distribution of this orchid species (or species complex) suggests that there may be a number of different model and pollinator species throughout this range, and that additional studies are necessary to characterise its pollination adequately. In this study, the pollination of D. maculata in the Sydney region, mainly at Scheyville National Park, was compared with the results previously obtained in Victoria. At Scheyville National Park, Trichocolletes venustus was the only native bee species found in significant numbers, and the flowers it visited were almost exclusively the legumes Hardenbergia violacea and Daviesia ulicifolia ssp. ulicifolia. Fifty per cent (14 of 28) of captured male bees carried D. maculata orchid pollinaria, or remnants, which were identified by AFLP fingerprinting. Female bees, which appeared about 10–14 days after males, were not observed visiting the orchid or carrying orchid pollinaria. We confirmed that D. maculata flowers lack nectar, and noted that the pea-like flowers possess an UV false nectar guide comparable to the true UV nectar guide of the legume flowers. Colorimetric analysis showed the colour separation between D. ulicifolia ssp. ulicifolia and the orchid is small enough to be likely to produce foraging errors, consistent with mimicry. We conclude that guild mimicry of a diversity of ‘egg and bacon’ legumes best explains the pollination of D. maculata s.l., rather than precise mimicry of any one pea species. Preliminary observations suggest that pea-flower mimicry may range from being highly precise in some species, through to being much more generalised, but still retaining elements of mimicry. The novel finding of comparable UV patterns in Diuris species and putative pea models applies to most species in the genus and we found that the rare D. aequalis shows remarkable similarity in colour, shape and UV patterns to the sympatric legume Gompholobium huegelii, and is likely to be a mimic of this species.

scholarly journals Assessment of the data on distribution, habitats and population size of Liparis loeselii (Orchidaceae) in Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidijus Žalneravičius ◽  
Zigmantas Gudžinskas
Keyword(s):  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Liparis Loeselii ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Made In ◽  
Species Ecology

Abstract Liparis loeselii is a declining orchid species in almost all European countries, mostly because of habitat loss. Therefore, good knowledge about the species ecology, distribution and populations is required in order to substantiate measures for its conservation. The aim of this research was to evaluate all available information about distribution, habitat types and population sizes of L. loeselii in Lithuania, in order to reveal the current state of our knowledge and identify information gaps. The study was based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and information in publications and various databases (a total of 481 unique records were used: 118 from herbaria, 121 from literature and 242 from databases). Intensive accumulation of information about L. loeselii started in the second half of the 20th century and a particularly large number of records were made in the period from 2010 to 2015 during the implementation of inventory and mapping of EU Habitats all over Lithuania. A summary of all information about L. loeselii revealed that it was registered in a total of 93 grid squares, and is mainly confined to uplands. The available information is quite sufficient for the evaluation of the species distribution and prevailing habitats, but is incomplete for the evaluation of population sizes, demographic structures and population trends under changing habitat conditions. Additional investigations are, therefore, required to enable a more accurate assessment of the size and viability of the L. loeselii metapopulation in Lithuania.

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