scholarly journals Traits to Differentiate Lineages and Subspecies of Aegilops tauschii, the D Genome Progenitor Species of Bread Wheat

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Mazin Mahjoob Mohamed Mahjoob ◽  
Tai-Shen Chen ◽  
Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi ◽  
Yuji Yamasaki ◽  
Nasrein Mohamed Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Quality ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Cluster ◽  
High Quality Snps ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
Passport Data

Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D genome donor of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is the most promising resource used to broaden the genetic diversity of wheat. Taxonomical studies have classified Ae. tauschii into two subspecies, ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata. However, molecular analysis revealed three distantly related lineages, TauL1, TauL2 and TauL3. TauL1 and TauL3 includes the only ssp. tauschii, whereas TauL2 includes both subspecies. This study aimed to clarify the phylogeny of Ae. tauschii and to find the traits that can differentiate between TauL1, TauL2 and TauL3, or between ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata. We studied the genetic and morpho-physiological diversity in 293 accessions of Ae. tauschii, covering the entire range of the species. A total of 5880 high-quality SNPs derived from DArTseq were used for phylogenetic cluster analyses. As a result, we observed wide morpho-physiological variation in each lineage and subspecies. Despite this variation, no key traits can discriminate lineages or subspecies though some traits were significantly different. Of 124 accessions previously lacking the passport data, 66 were allocated to TauL1, 57 to TauL2, and one to TauL3.

Highly Recombinogenic Regions at Seed Storage Protein Loci on Chromosome 1DS of Aegilops tauschii, the D-Genome Donor of Wheat

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Spielmeyer ◽  
Odile Moullet ◽  
André Laroche ◽  
Evans S Lagudah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Rflp Map ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A detailed RFLP map was constructed of the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 1D of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid D-genome donor species of hexaploid wheat. Ae. tauschii was used to overcome some of the limitations commonly associated with molecular studies of wheat such as low levels of DNA polymorphism. Detection of multiple loci by most RFLP probes suggests that gene duplication events have occurred throughout this chromosomal region. Large DNA fragments isolated from a BAC library of Ae. tauschii were used to determine the relationship between physical and genetic distance at seed storage protein loci located at the distal end of chromosome 1DS. Highly recombinogenic regions were identified where the ratio of physical to genetic distance was estimated to be <20 kb/cM. These results are discussed in relation to the genome-wide estimate of the relationship between physical and genetic distance.

scholarly journals Comparative Mapping of Genes for Brittle Rachis in Triticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Watanabe ◽  
N. Takesada ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
P. Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brittle Rachis ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Group 3

The brittle rachis phenotype is of adaptive value in wild grass species because it causes spontaneous spike shattering. The genes on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes determine the brittle rachis in Triticeae. A few genotypes with brittle rachis have also been found in the cultivated Triticum. Using microsatellite markers, the homoeologous genes for brittle rachis were mapped in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. conv. durum /Desf./) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. On chromosome 3AS, the gene for brittle rachis, Br<sub>2</sub>, was linked with the centromeric marker, Xgwm32, at the distance of 13.3 cM. Br<sub>3 </sub>was located on chromosome 3BS and linked with the centromeric marker,<br />Xgwm72 (14.2 cM). Br<sub>1 </sub>was located on chromosome 3DS. The distance from the centromeric marker Xgdm72 was 23.6 cM. The loci Br<sub>1</sub>, Br<sub>2</sub> and Br<sub>3</sub> determine disarticulation of rachides above the junction of the rachilla with the rachis so that a fragment of rachis is attached below each spikelet. The rachides of Ae. tauschii are brittle at every joint, so that the mature spike disarticulates into barrel type. The brittle rachis was determined by a dominant gene, Br<sup>t</sup>, which was linked to the centromeric marker, Xgdm72 (19.7 cM), on chromosome 3DS. A D-genome introgression line, R-61, was derived from the cross Bet Hashita/Ae. tauschii, whose rachis disarticulated as a wedge type. The gene for brittle rachis of R-61, tentatively designated as Br<sup>61</sup>, was distally located on chromosome 3DS, and was linked with the centromeric marker, Xgdm72 (27.5 cM). We discussed how the brittle rachis of R-61 originated genetically. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Dormancy Spreads Seed Germination over a Long Period with a Discontinuous Procession in Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome Donor Species of Bread Wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Jiao Chen ◽  
Lian-Quan Zhang ◽  
You-Wei Yang ◽  
Zhong-Wei Yuan ◽  
Zhi-Guo Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
Donor Species

The efficacy of Cot-based gene enrichment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Lamoureux ◽  
Daniel G Peterson ◽  
Wanlong Li ◽  
John P Fellers ◽  
Bikram S Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Gene Space ◽  
Fold Enrichment ◽  
Gene Enrichment ◽  
Fold Reduction

We report the results of a study on the effectiveness of Cot filtration (CF) in the characterization of the gene space of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a large genome species (1C = 16 700 Mb) of tremendous agronomic importance. Using published Cot data as a guide, 2 genomic libraries for hexaploid wheat were constructed from the single-stranded DNA collected at Cot values > 1188 and 1639 M·s. Compared with sequences from a whole genome shotgun library from Aegilops tauschii (the D genome donor of bread wheat), the CF libraries exhibited 13.7-fold enrichment in genes, 5.8-fold enrichment in unknown low-copy sequences, and a 3-fold reduction in repetitive DNA. CF is twice as efficient as methylation filtration at enriching wheat genes. This research suggests that, with improvements, CF will be a highly useful tool in sequencing the gene space of wheat.Key words: gene enrichment, renaturation kinetics, gene-rich regions, bread wheat.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Genetic Resources of <i>Aegilops tauschii</i>, Wheat D Genome Donor, Newly Collected in North Caucasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 2769-2784
Author(s):  
Ayaka Kakizaki ◽  
Taihachi Kawahara ◽  
Mikhail Alexandrovich Zhuk ◽  
Tamara Nikolaevna Smekalova ◽  
Kazuhiro Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Donor

scholarly journals Genome-level identification of cell wall invertase genes in wheat for the study of drought tolerance

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie Webster ◽  
Gabriel Keeble ◽  
Bernard Dell ◽  
John Fosu-Nyarko ◽  
Y. Mukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Specific Expression

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) drought-induced pollen sterility is a major contributor to grain yield loss and is caused by the downregulation of the cell wall invertase gene IVR1. The IVR1 gene catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, the essential energy substrates which support pollen development. Downregulation of IVR1 in response to drought is isoform specific and shows variation in temporal and tissue-specific expression. IVR1 is now prompting interest as a candidate gene for molecular marker development to screen wheat germplasm for improved drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to define the family of IVR1 genes to enable: (1) individual isoforms to be assayed in gene expression studies; and (2) greater accuracy in IVR1 mapping to the wheat genetic map and drought tolerance QTL analysis. Using a cell wall invertase-specific motif as a probe, wheat genomics platforms were screened for the presence of unidentified IVR1 isoforms. Wheat genomics platforms screened included the IWGSC wheat survey sequence, the wheat D genome donor sequence from Aegilops tauschii Coss, and the CCG wheat chromosome 3B assembly: contig506. Chromosome-specific sequences homologous to the query motif were isolated and characterised. Sequence annotation results showed five previously unidentified IVR1 isoforms exist on multiple chromosome arms and on all three genomes (A, B and D): IVR1–3A, IVR1–4A, IVR1–5B, IVR1.2–3B and IVR1-5D. Including three previously characterised IVR1 isoforms (IVR1.1–1A, IVR1.2–1A and IVR1.1–3B), the total number of isoform gene family members is eight. The IVR1 isoforms contain two motifs common to cell wall invertase (NDPN and WECPDF) and a high degree of conservation in exon 4, suggesting conservation of functionality. Sequence divergence at a primary structure level in other regions of the gene was evident amongst the isoforms, which likely contributes to variation in gene regulation and expression in response to water deficit within this subfamily of IVR1 isoforms in wheat.

scholarly journals Systematic Comparisons of Orthologous Selenocysteine Methyltransferase and Homocysteine Methyltransferase Genes from Seven Monocots Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-yong ZHAO ◽  
Fu-lai SUN ◽  
Bo ZHANG ◽  
Zhi-qiang ZHANG ◽  
Long-quan YIN
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Selenocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Identifying and manipulating genes underlying selenium metabolism could be helpful for increasing selenium content in crop grain, which is an important way to overcome diseases resulted from selenium deficiency. A reciprocal smallest distance algorithm (RSD) approach was applied using two experimentally confirmed Homocysteine S-Methyltransferases genes (HMT1 and HMT2) and a putative Selenocysteine Methyltransferase (SMT) from dicots plant Arabidopsis thaliana, to explore their orthologs in seven sequenced diploid monocot species: Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Brachypodium distachyon, Hordeum vulgare, Aegilops tauschii (the D-genome donor of common wheat) and Triticum urartu (the A-genome donor of common wheat). HMT1 was apparently diverged from HMT2 and most of SMT orthologs were the same with that of HMT2 in this study, leading to the hypothesis that SMT and HMT originate from one common ancestor gene. Identifying orthologs provide candidates for further experimental confirmation; also it could be helpful in designing primers to clone SMT or HMT orthologs in other crops.

scholarly journals Genetic and Physiological Architecture of Early Vigor in Aegilops tauschii, the D-Genome Donor of Hexaploid Wheat. A Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 1078-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margreet W. ter Steege ◽  
Franka M. den Ouden ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Piet Stam ◽  
Anton J.M. Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Early Vigor

Rapid development of PCR-based genome-specific repetitive DNA junction markers in wheat

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Wanjugi ◽  
Devin Coleman-Derr ◽  
Naxin Huo ◽  
Shahryar F. Kianian ◽  
Ming-Cheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Repeat Dna

In hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (AABBDD, C = 17 000 Mb), repeat DNA accounts for ∼90% of the genome, of which transposable elements (TEs) constitute 60%–80%. Despite the dynamic evolution of TEs, our previous study indicated that the majority of TEs are conserved and collinear between the homologous wheat genomes, based on identical insertion patterns. In this study, we exploited the unique and abundant TE insertion junction regions identified from diploid Aegilops tauschii to develop genome-specific repeat DNA junction markers (RJM) for use in hexaploid wheat. In this study, both BAC end and random shotgun sequences were used to search for RJM. Of the 300 RJM primer pairs tested, 269 (90%) amplified single bands from diploid Ae. tauschii. Of these 269 primer pairs, 260 (97%) amplified hexaploid wheat and 9 (3%) amplified Ae. tauschii only. Among the RJM primers that amplified hexaploid wheat, 88% were successfully assigned to individual chromosomes of the hexaploid D genome. Among the 38 RJM primers mapped on chromosome 6D, 31 (82%) were unambiguously mapped to delineated bins of the chromosome using various wheat deletion lines. Our results suggest that the unique RJM derived from the diploid D genome could facilitate genetic, physical, and radiation mapping of the hexaploid wheat D genome.

EFFECTS OF THE D GENOME ON MILLING AND BAKING PROPERTIES OF WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kerber ◽  
K. H. Tipples
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Quality ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa ◽  
The Common ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploids ◽  
Baking Performance

The common hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. ssp. vulgare MacKey cv. Canthatch (2n = 42 = AABBDD), the tetraploid component (2n = 28 = AABB) extracted from it, Triticum durum Desf., cv. Stewart 63 (2n = 28 = AABB) and five synthetic hexaploids (2n = 42 = AABBDD) produced by combining the extracted tetraploid with Aegilops squarrosa (2n = 14 = DD) were tested for several milling and baking properties. Compared with Canthatch, a bread wheat of high quality, the extracted tetraploid had extremely poor baking characteristics; it was very similar to Stewart 63. The baking performance of the synthetic hexaploids was much superior to that of the extracted tetraploid but considerably inferior to that of Canthatch. The results substantiated the supposition that the D genome derived from Ae. squarrosa has contributed the desirable milling and baking properties which distinguish hexaploid bread wheats from those of the tetraploid group.

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