scholarly journals Fusarium casha sp. nov. and F. curculicola sp. nov. in the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Isolated from Amaranthuscruentus and Three Weevil Species in South Africa

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Marcele Vermeulen ◽  
Lisa A. Rothmann ◽  
Wijnand J. Swart ◽  
Marieka Gryzenhout
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Morphological Studies

Trials are currently being conducted in South Africa to establish Amaranthus cruentus as a new pseudocereal crop. During recent surveys, Fusarium species were associated with weevil damage in A. cruentus fields. Preliminary studies showed that some of these Fusarium species grouped into two distinct clades within the F. fujikuroi species complex. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates based on the morphology and phylogeny of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) gene region, ß-tubulin 2 (ßT) gene region and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), and to determine if these isolates are pathogenic to A. cruentus. Phylogenetic and morphological studies showed that these two clades represent two novel species described here as F. casha and F. curculicola. Both species were shown to have the potential to be pathogenic to A. cruentus during routine greenhouse inoculation tests. While isolations indicate a possible association between these two species and weevils, further research is needed to understand this association and the role of weevils in disease development involving F. casha and F. curculicola in A. cruentus.

scholarly journals Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Chang ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Muhammd Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Strip Intercropping

Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.

scholarly journals Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Sandoval-Denis ◽  
L. Lombard ◽  
C.M. Visagie ◽  
B.D. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Three New Species

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes more than 60 phylogenetic species (phylospecies) with both phytopathological and clinical importance. Because of their economical relevance, a stable taxonomy and nomenclature is crucial for species in the FFSC. To attain this goal, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several species by employing morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), beta-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2). Based on these results three new species were delimited in the FFSC. Two of these phylospecies clustered within the African clade, and one in the American clade. Epitypes were also designated for six previously described FFSC species including F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and a neotype designated for F. subglutinans. Furthermore, both F. acutatum and F. ophioides, which were previously invalidly published, are validated.

scholarly journals New endemic Fusarium species hitch-hiking with pathogenic Fusarium strains causing Panama disease in small-holder banana plots in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maryani ◽  
M. Sandoval-Denis ◽  
L. Lombard ◽  
P.W. Crous ◽  
G.H.J. Kema
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana

Fusarium species are well known for their abundance, diversity and cosmopolitan life style. Many members of the genus Fusarium are associated with plant hosts, either as plant pathogens, secondary invaders, saprotrophs, and/or endophytes. We previously studied the diversity of Fusarium species in the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) associated with Fusarium wilt of banana in Indonesia. In that study, several Fusarium species not belonging to the FOSC were found to be associated with Fusarium wilt of banana. These Fusarium isolates belonged to three Fusarium species complexes, which included the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) and the Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSSC). Using a multi-gene phylogeny that included partial fragments of the beta-tubulin (tub), calmodulin (cmdA), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (ITS), the large subunit of the rDNA (LSU), plus the RNA polymerase II large subunit (rpb1) and second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, we were able to identify and characterise several of these as new Fusarium species in the respective species complexes identified in this study.

scholarly journals Identification of Rice Seed-Derived Fusarium spp. and Development of LAMP Assay against Fusarium fujikuroi

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hubiao Jiang ◽  
Na Wu ◽  
Shaomin Jin ◽  
Temoor Ahmed ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Rice Seed

Fusarium species are important seedborne pathogens that cause rice bakanae disease (RBD). In this study, 421 strains were isolated from 25 rice samples collected from Zhejiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces of China. Furthermore, 407 isolates were identified as F. fujikuroi (80.05% isolation frequency), F. proliferatum (8.31%), F. equiseti (5.94%), F. incarnatum (2.61%), F. andiyazi (0.95%), and F. asiaticum (0.48%) based on morphology and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), TEF1-α gene, and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) showed that 17 representative strains were attributed to six species. Pathogenicity tests showed that representative isolates possessed varying ability to cause symptoms of bakanae on rice seedlings. Moreover, the seed germination assay revealed that six isolates had different effects, such as inhibition of seed germination, as well as seed and bud rot. The loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assay were developed for the detection of F. fujikuroi. According to sequences of desaturase-coding gene promoter, a species-specific marker desM231 was developed for the detection of F. fujikuroi. The LAMP assay using seeds collected from field was validated, and diagnostics developed are efficient, rapid, and sensitive.

scholarly journals Two new species of Amanita section Roanokenses with a radicating basal bulb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhong ◽  
Gui-Wu Li ◽  
Jin-Bao Pu ◽  
Zuo-Hong Chen ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Abstract Two new species of Amanita sect. Roanokenses (Amanitaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota), Amanita alboradicata and A. fulvopyramis are proposed here on morphological and molecular evidence. The described and illustrated are based on morphological studies of collections from Jilin, Zhejiang and Hunan provinces in China. Nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) sequences analyses supported establishment of these two new species and revealed their phylogenetic positions. Both new species possess long radicating basal bulbs. Amanita alboradicata is characterized by a white or dirty white pileus covered with angular warts. Amanita fulvopyramis is characterized by the brown orange to light brown, pyramidal to verrucose volval remnants on the pileus, and light brown to brown lamellae. Holotypes are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Hunan Normal University.

scholarly journals Fusarium species isolated from Pennisetum clandestinum collected during outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo J. Botha ◽  
Mariëtte Truter ◽  
Adriaana Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Fusarium Redolens

Kikuyu poisoning occurs sporadically in South Africa. It is of major economic importance, as valuable dairy cows are often poisoned by it, and once affected, the mortality rate is high. Pennisetum clandestinum samples were collected during eight outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa from 2008 to 2010. The kikuyu grass samples were submitted specifically for the isolation and molecular identification of Fusarium species, as it was recently suggested that mycotoxins synthesised by Fusarium torulosum could be the cause of this intoxication. Ninety-four Fusarium isolates were retrieved from the grass samples, of which 72 were members of the Fusarium incarnatum/Fusarium equiseti species complex based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the translation elongation factor 1α sequence data. The South African isolates from kikuyu identified as members of the F. incarnatum/F. equiseti species complex grouped together in six separate clades. The other isolates were Fusarium culmorum (n = 3), Fusarium redolens (n = 4) and Fusarium oxysporum (n = 15). Although F. torulosum could not be isolated from P. clandestinum collected during kikuyu poisoning outbreaks in South Africa, the mycotoxicosis theory is still highly plausible.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Profile of Pathogenic Fusarium Species Isolated from Sudden Decline Syndrome and Leaf Wilt Symptoms on Date Palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Tunisia

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Amal Rabaaoui ◽  
Chiara Dall’Asta ◽  
Laura Righetti ◽  
Antonia Susca ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Date Palms

In 2017–2018, extensive symptoms of sudden decline and fruit rot were observed on date palms in southern Tunisia. Samples of diseased plants were randomly collected in six localities. Based on morphological identification, Fusarium was the most frequent fungal genus detected. A sequencing of translation elongation factor, calmodulin, and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II genes was used to identify 63 representative Fusarium strains at species level and investigate their phylogenetic relationships. The main species detected was Fusarium proliferatum, and at a much lesser extent, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium caatingaense, Fusarium clavum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium solani. Pathogenicity on the Deglet Nour variety plantlets and the capability to produce mycotoxins were also assessed. All Fusarium species were pathogenic complying Koch’s postulates. Fusarium proliferatum strains produced mainly fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON). All F. brachygibbosum strains produced low levels of BEA, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol; two strains produced also T-2 toxin, and a single strain produced HT-2 toxin. Fusarium caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incarnatum produced only BEA. Fusarium solani strains produced MON, BEA, and ENNs. This work reports for the first time a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of Fusarium species on date palms, concerning both phytopathological and food safety issues.

Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species of Phellinus with hooked hymenial setae from Vietnam

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN ZHU ◽  
XING JI ◽  
JING SI ◽  
BAO-KAI CUI
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Subunit Rdna ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
A New Species

Phellinus vietnamensis sp. nov. is described from Vietnam based on morphological characters and molecular data. Morphologically, it is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiomata, a dimitic hyphal system, hooked hymenial setae, and colorless, broadly subglobose to ovoid, thick-walled basidiospores 5.5–6 × 4.8–5.2 μm. Phylogenetically, the status of Phellinus vietnamensis is strongly supported based on sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) nuclear large subunit rDNA (nrLSU) and the second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB2).

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Fallahi ◽  
Hossein Saremi ◽  
Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah ◽  
Stefania Somma ◽  
Miriam Haidukowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
High Possibility

Fusarium species are among the most important fungal pathogens of maize, where they cause severe reduction of yield and accumulation of a wide range of harmful mycotoxins in the kernels. In order to identify the Fusarium species and their mycotoxin profiles associated to maize ear rot and kernel contamination in Iran, a wide sampling was carried out from field in ten major maize-producing provinces in Iran, during 2015 and 2016. From 182 samples of maize kernels, 551 strains were isolated and identified as belonging to Fusarium genus. Among the 234 representative strains identified at species level by translation elongation factor (EF-1α) sequences, the main Fusarium species were F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, together representing 90% of the Iranian Fusarium population, and, to a lesser extent, F. incarnatum equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. thapsinum and F. redolens. Fumonisin (FBs) production by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum representative strains was analysed, showing that all strains produced FB1. None of F. verticillioides strains produced FB2 nor FB3, while both FB2 and FB3 were produced only by F. proliferatum. Total mean of FBs production by F. verticillioides was higher than F. proliferatum. The occurrence of different Fusarium species on Iranian maize is reason of great concern because of the toxigenic risk associated to these species. Moreover, the diversity of the species identified increases the toxigenic risk associated to Fusarium contaminated maize kernels, because of the high possibility that a multi-toxin contamination can occur with harmful consequences on human and animal health.

scholarly journals Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Amauroderma s. lat. (Ganodermataceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-F. Sun ◽  
D.H. Costa-Rezende ◽  
J.-H. Xing ◽  
J.-L. Zhou ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Amauroderma s.lat. has been defined mainly by the morphological features of non-truncate and double-walled basidiospores with a distinctly ornamented endospore wall. In this work, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on species of Amauroderma s.lat. are carried out by morphological examination together with ultrastructural observations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) and the β-tubulin gene (TUB). The results demonstrate that species of Ganodermataceae formed ten clades. Species previously placed in Amauroderma s.lat. are divided into four clades: Amauroderma s.str., Foraminispora, Furtadoa and a new genus Sanguinoderma. The classification of Amauroderma s. lat. is thus revised, six new species are described and illustrated, and eight new combinations are proposed. SEM micrographs of basidiospores of Foraminispora and Sanguinoderma are provided, and the importance of SEM in delimitation of taxa in this study is briefly discussed. Keys to species of Amauroderma s.str., Foraminispora, Furtadoa, and Sanguinoderma are also provided.

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