scholarly journals Dataset for the Solar Incident Radiation and Electricity Production BIPV/BAPV System on the Northern/Southern Façade in Dense Urban Areas

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Hassan Gholami ◽  
Harald Nils Røstvik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dense Urban Area

The prosperous implementation of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), as well as Building Attached Photovoltaics (BAPV), needs an accurate and detailed assessment of the potential of solar irradiation and electricity production of various commercialised technologies in different orientations on the outer skins of the building. This article presents a dataset for the solar incident radiation and electricity production of PV systems in the north and south orientations in a dense urban area (in the northern hemisphere). The solar incident radiation and the electricity production of two back-to-back PV panels with a ten-centimetre gap for one year are monitored and logged as primary data sources. Using Microsoft Excel, both panels’ efficiency is also presented as a secondary source of data. The implemented PV panels are composed of polycrystalline silicon cells with an efficiency of 16.9%. The results depicted that the actual efficiency of the south-facing panel (13%–15%) is always closer to the standard efficiency of the panel compared to the actual efficiency of the north-facing panel (8%–12%). Moreover, although the efficiency of the south-facing panel on sunny days of the year is almost constant, the efficiency of the north-facing panel decreases significantly in winter. This phenomenon might be linked to the spectral response of the polycrystalline silicon cells and different incident solar radiation spectrum on the panels. While the monitored data cover the radiation and system electricity production in various air conditions, the analysis is mainly conducted for sunny days, and more investigation is needed to analyse the system performance in other weather conditions (like cloudy and overcast skies). The presented database could be used to analyse the performance of polycrystalline silicon PV panels and their operational efficiency in a dense urban area and for different orientations.

RAPID CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES ON BURNABY MOUNTAIN, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
C. B. CRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Simon Fraser University

Maps showing the distribution of soil drainage classes on Burnaby Mountain in the Greater Vancouver urban area during 1974 and 1978, and systematic profile investigations during the intervening years, have revealed distinct changes. Construction of Simon Fraser University has diverted the heavy precipitation associated particularly with the plateau top of the mountain, off the north-facing slopes and onto the south-facing slopes. Hence, there has been an extension of well-drained soils onto north-facing footslopes and soils with more restricted drainage onto south-facing footslopes.

RADIO STAR SCINTILLATION NEAR THE AURORAL ZONE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Auroral Zone ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
The South ◽  
Radio Observatory ◽  
The North ◽  
Queen's University

The Queen's University Radio Observatory at Kingston, Ontario, geomagnetic latitude 55° 33′ N, is particularly well situated for radio star scintillation observations looking both north into the auroral zone and south away from the auroral zone. An analysis of the scintillation data has indicated that radio sources observed to the south of the zenith have scintillation characteristics which are typical of observations made at lower geomagnetic latitudes, while sources observed near and to the north of the zenith exhibit the highly disturbed "auroral zone" characteristics. If the scintillation is assumed to be imposed on the incident radiation at a height of 350 kilometers, the transition described above occurs in a north–south distance of about 240 kilometers.

scholarly journals A Multi-Level World Comprehensive Neural Network Model for Maximum Annual Solar Irradiation on a Flat Surface

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6422
Author(s):  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Emad Natsheh ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Sufyan Samara ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
The South ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The North

With the growing demand for clean and economically feasible renewable energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) system usage has increased. Among many factors, the tilt and azimuth angles are of great importance and influence in determining the photovoltaic panel’s efficiency to generate electricity. Although much research was conducted related to solar PV panels’ performance, this work critically determined the tilt and azimuth angles for PV panels in all countries worldwide. The optimum tilt and azimuth angles are estimated worldwide by the photovoltaic geographic information system (PVGIS). Also, annual and average daily solar irradiation incident on the tilted and oriented plate optimally (AR1 and DR1) are calculated. Besides, annual and average daily solar irradiation incident on plate tilt optimally and oriented because of the south in the northern hemisphere and because of the north in the southern hemisphere (AR2 and DR2) are estimated. PVGIS is also used to calculate the annual and average daily solar irradiation incident on the horizontal plate (AR3 and DR3). The data collected from PVGIS are used to develop an efficient and accurate artificial neural network model based on feed-forward neural network approach. This model is an essential subpart that can be used in an embedded system or an online system for further PV system analysis and optimization. The developed neural model reflected very high accuracy in predicting the PV panels’ optimal tilt and azimuth angles worldwide. The benefit of tilting is generally increased by increasing the latitude. As the latitude increases, the tilt factor (F) increases because of the increase in the optimum tilt angle by increasing the latitude. The optimal orientation is due to the north in the southern hemisphere and due to the south in the northern hemisphere for most cities worldwide. In sum, it can be concluded that the optimum tilt angle is equal to or greater than the latitude until the latitude 30°. The optimum tilt angle becomes less than the latitude, and the difference is increased until it reaches more than 20°. Hence in this study the aim is to develop a simple neural network model which can accurately predict the annual radiation and optimum tilt and azimuth angle in any region of the world and can be easily implemented in a low-cost microcontroller.

scholarly journals USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO IDENTIFY TREND OF EXPANSION OF URBAN AREA IN HOCHIMINH CITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Viet Bach Pham
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

Studying on the trend of spatial expansion of urban in Hohiminh city, which used remote sensing and spatial analysis of GIS, has revealed changes of spatial urban over times.. Analysis of spectral response for main land cover types had been done on Landsat data from 1975 to 2005 in order to discriminate urban type with the others. Based on this spectral analysis, the expansion of urban area over times has been identified. Spatial statistics analysis was applied to estimate trends of urban area of Hochiminh city. Tthe results showed a wide spreading out from 1975 to 2008, the urban area has been extended two times in radius and three times in area. The trends of spatial expansion is anisotropic. There is a spatial expansion trend in the north east-south west axis.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

The Song the South Korean Church and the North Korean Church Will Sing Together

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-394
Author(s):  
이상일
Keyword(s):  
Korean Church ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The North

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Depositional Environment Drive as Overpressure Generation: Study Case in “Gap” Field, North West Java Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A., C. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Burial History ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

Overpressure existence represents a geological hazard; therefore, an accurate pore pressure prediction is critical for well planning and drilling procedures, etc. Overpressure is a geological phenomenon usually generated by two mechanisms, loading (disequilibrium compaction) and unloading mechanisms (diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation) and they are all geological processes. This research was conducted based on analytical and descriptive methods integrated with well data including wireline log, laboratory test and well test data. This research was conducted based on quantitative estimate of pore pressures using the Eaton Method. The stages are determining shale intervals with GR logs, calculating vertical stress/overburden stress values, determining normal compaction trends, making cross plots of sonic logs against density logs, calculating geothermal gradients, analyzing hydrocarbon maturity, and calculating sedimentation rates with burial history. The research conducted an analysis method on the distribution of clay mineral composition to determine depositional environment and its relationship to overpressure. The wells include GAP-01, GAP-02, GAP-03, and GAP-04 which has an overpressure zone range at depth 8501-10988 ft. The pressure value within the 4 wells has a range between 4358-7451 Psi. Overpressure mechanism in the GAP field is caused by non-loading mechanism (clay mineral diagenesis and hydrocarbon maturation). Overpressure distribution is controlled by its stratigraphy. Therefore, it is possible overpressure is spread quite broadly, especially in the low morphology of the “GAP” Field. This relates to the delta depositional environment with thick shale. Based on clay minerals distribution, the northern part (GAP 02 & 03) has more clay mineral content compared to the south and this can be interpreted increasingly towards sea (low energy regime) and facies turned into pro-delta. Overpressure might be found shallower in the north than the south due to higher clay mineral content present to the north.

Observed seasonal regimes of North-South Atlantic Ocean interbasin exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed D. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Interbasin Exchange ◽  
North And South

North and South Atlantic lateral volume exchange is a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) embedded in Earth’s climate. Northward AMOC heat transport within this exchange mitigates the large heat loss to the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic. Because of inadequate climate data, observational basin-scale studies of net interbasin exchange between the North and South Atlantic have been limited. Here ten independent climate datasets, five satellite-derived and five analyses, are synthesized to show that North and South Atlantic climatological net lateral volume exchange is partitioned into two seasonal regimes. From late-May to late-November, net lateral volume flux is from the North to the South Atlantic; whereas from late-November to late-May, net lateral volume flux is from the South to the North Atlantic. This climatological characterization offers a framework for assessing seasonal variations in these basins and provides a constraint for climate models that simulate AMOC dynamics.

CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE FOR PROTECTION THE MARINE SHORE OF THE VISTULA SPIT AND SAMBIAN PENINSULA (THE BATIC SEA, KALININGRAD OBLAST) BY OFFSHORE DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIAL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko
Keyword(s):  
Dredged Material ◽  
Vistula Lagoon ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
Wind Actions ◽  
The Vistula Lagoon

Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.

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