scholarly journals A New Measure to Characterize the Degree of Self-Similarity of a Shape and Its Applicability

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Sang-Hee Lee ◽  
Cheol-Min Park ◽  
UJin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Topological Similarity ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Visual Difference ◽  
Simple Network

We propose a new measure (Γ) to quantify the degree of self-similarity of a shape using branch length similarity (BLS) entropy which is defined on a simple network consisting of a single node and its branches. To investigate the properties of this measure, we computed the Γ values for 70 object groups (20 shapes in each group) in the MPEG-7 shape database and performed grouping on the values. With relatively high Γ values, identical groups had visually similar shapes. On the other hand, the identical groups with low Γ values had visually different shapes. However, the aspect of topological similarity of the shapes also warrants consideration. The shapes of statistically different groups exhibited significant visual difference from each other. Also, in order to show that the Γ can have a wide variety of applicability when properly used with other variables, we showed that the finger gestures in the (Γ, Z) space are successfully classified. Here, the Z means a correlation coefficient value between entropy profiles for gesture shapes. As shown in the applications, Γ has a strong advantage over conventional geometric measures in that it captures the geometrical and topological properties of a shape together. If we could define the BLS entropy for color, Γ could be used to characterize images expressed in RGB. We briefly discussed the problems to be solved before the applicability of Γ can be expanded to various fields.

scholarly journals Shape Correspondence Analysis for Biomolecules Based on Volumetric Eigenfunctions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liao ◽  
Hao-Chih Lee ◽  
Ge Yang ◽  
Yongjie Jessica Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Spectral Shape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Shape Correspondence ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Different Shapes

AbstractThe functionality of biomolecules depends on their flexible structures, which can be characterized by their surface shapes. Tracking the deformation and comparing biomolecular shapes are essential in understanding their mechanisms. In this paper, a new spectral shape correspondence analysis method is introduced for biomolecules based on volumetric eigenfunctions. The eigenfunctions are computed from the joint graph of two given shapes, avoiding the sign flipping and confusion in the order of modes. An initial correspondence is built based on the distribution of a shape diameter, which matches similar surface features in different shapes and guides the eigenfunction computation. A two-step scheme is developed to determine the final correspondence. The first step utilizes volumetric eigenfunctions to correct the assignment of boundary nodes that disobeys the main structures. The second step minimizes the distortion induced by deforming one shape to the other. As a result, a dense point correspondence is constructed between the two given shapes, based on which we approximate and predict the shape deformation, as well as quantitatively measure the detailed shape differences.

A method of hidden messages embedding in graphlike structures of a social network

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Нечта
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Automatic Registration ◽  
Connected Component ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Empty Container ◽  
First Time

Предложен новый метод передачи скрытых сообщений в социальных сетях на примере сети “Вконтакте”, позволяющий через структуру графа друзей пользователя внедрять секретные сообщения. Получены количественные оценки объема внедряемого сообщения в графы различного размера. Показана необходимость добавления избыточности во внедряемое сообщение. Представленный метод позволяет использовать другие графоподобные структуры социальной сети для внедрения скрытых сообщений. Purpose. This article addresses the construction of a new method for transmission of hidden messages in social networks. Methodology. The research employs methods of information theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics The Shannon entropy is used as the statistics for the analysis of an embedded message. Findings. The author proposed using the graphical structures of social networks as a container for the secret message transmission for the first time. As an example, the popular Vkontakte network is considered. The main idea of the method involves using the structure of the user’s friends graph to embed a secret message. Based on the available vertices (friends’ accounts), a complete graph is constructed, and its edges are enumerated. Each edge of the graph corresponds to one bit of the message being embedded: the bit is “1”, if the edge is present in the graph (one account in friends of the other), the bit is “0” if the edge is missing. To transfer the graph from one person to another, a key vertex is used. The specified vertex is connected by an edge with each connected component of the graph, which allows the graph to be transmitted using a single node and take into account all the vertices (including isolated ones). When retrieving a message, the key vertex and the edges connected to it are not considered. Conclusions. During the experimental research, it was shown that messages extracted from an empty container differ from the encrypted message by the probability distribution of bits. The necessity of adding redundancy to transmitted secret messages is shown with the purpose of “leveling” the statistical properties of an empty and filled container. The results of the experiment have showed that this method of steganography allows embedding a large amount of information into various social network structures represented in the form of a graph. It was noted in the paper that potentially “narrow” place of the algorithm is registration of new accounts. The restrictions imposed by the administration of some social networks for security purposes do not always allow automatic registration of new accounts, which makes the process of message embedding more difficult.

scholarly journals Catalogue of Clusters that are Members of Superclusters

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
M. Kalinkov ◽  
K. Stavrev ◽  
I. Kuneva
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Abell Clusters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abell Cluster ◽  
Image Position

An attempt is made to establish the membership of Abell clusters in superclusters of galaxies. The relation is used to calibrate the distances to the clusters of galaxies with two redshift estimates. One is m10, the magnitude of the ten-ranked galaxy, and the other is the “mean population,” P, defined by: where p = 40, 65, 105 … galaxies for richness groups 0, 1, 2 …, and r is the apparent radius in degrees given by: The first iteration for redshift, z1, is obtained from m10 alone: The standard deviation for Eq. (1) is 0.105, the number of clusters with known velocities is 342 and the correlation coefficient between observed and fitted values is 0.921. With zi from Eq. (1), we define Cartesian galactic coordinates Xi = Rih−1 cosBi cosLi, Yi = Rih−1 cosBi sinLi, Zi = Rih−1 sinBi for each Abell cluster, i = 1, …, 2712, where Ri is the distance to the cluster (Mpc), and Ho = 100 h km s−1 Mpc−1.

Response of Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars to Metribuzin in the Field and Greenhouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. De Weese ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
W. C. Carlson ◽  
J. A. Ciarletta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Field Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Good Agreement

Experimental objectives were to assess metribuzin tolerance of predominately privately developed soybean cultivars and to evaluate a greenhouse screening procedure. In field results in 1982, ‘Vinton 81’, ‘Northrup King 1884’ and ‘L77-1863’ soybean cultivars were extremely sensitive to metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha, averaging 34% injury. The other 45 cultivars showed no significant injury at the 0.56 kg/ha rate, from 9 to 46% injury at 1.4 kg/ha, and 18 to 72% injury at 2.2 kg/ha. In greenhouse hydroponic studies, these same three soybean cultivars were killed, while the other 45 cultivars were injured from 15 to 82%. A good agreement of greenhouse and field data was determined, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.82.

scholarly journals Superpixel Spectral Unmixing for Hyperspectral Image Superresolution Using a Coupled Encoder-Decoder Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shao-lei Zhang ◽  
Guang-yuan Fu ◽  
Hong-qiao Wang ◽  
Yu-qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Spectral Unmixing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Rank Constraint

In this paper, we propose a novel hyperspectral image superresolution method based on superpixel spectral unmixing using a coupled encoder-decoder network. The hyperspectral image and multispectral images are fused to generate high-resolution hyperspectral images through the spectral unmixing framework with low-rank constraint. Specifically, the endmember and abundance information is extracted via a coupled encoder-decoder network integrating the priori for unmixing. The coupled network consists of two encoders and one shared decoder, where spectral information is preserved through the encoder. The multispectral image is clustered into superpixels to explore self-similarity, and then, the superpixels are unmixed to obtain an abundance matrix. By imposing a low-rank constraint on the abundance matrix, we further improve the superresolution performance. Experiments on the CAVE and Harvard datasets indicate that our superresolution method outperforms the other compared methods in terms of quantitative evaluation and visual quality.

scholarly journals Comparison of Emission Measurement Methods for Electromagnetic Disturbances in the Frequency Range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz for LED Lamps According to EN 55015

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Kamuda ◽  
Dariusz Klepacki ◽  
Kazimierz Kuryło ◽  
Wiesław Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Electromagnetic Disturbances

The results of measurements of electromagnetic disturbances emitted by LED lamps, in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz, which were made using two methods described in the EN 55015/2013 standard have been presented in the paper. In order to compare both methods, each tested lamp was first measured using the traditional method described in Section4.4.2 and then tested by an alternative, equivalent method described in Annex B of the above-mentioned standard. The comparison of results for both methods indicates that using first method, a given LED lamp emits disturbances below the acceptable limits, while the same LED lamp tested with the second method emits disturbances that are at the limit of admissible values. Additionally, used statistical tools in the form of calculated linear correlation coefficient show that the nature of the emission of disturbances measured for the same lamp is very comparable in both methods. The reference of these quasi-peak values to the permissible limits applicable in one or the other method may lead to different decisions.

Comparative Analysis of Two Volumetrical Ultrafiltration Monitors for Hemodialysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Berden ◽  
J.M.P. Wokke ◽  
R.A.P. Koene
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Volumetric Measurement ◽  
Dialysate Flow ◽  
Regression Correlation

Controlled ultrafiltration (UF) during hemodialysis may prevent dialysis associated hypotension. A prerequisite for controlled ultrafiltration is an accurate measurement of ultrafiltration. Volumetric measurement is the best currently available method for this purpose. In this study we compared in a clinical setting two volumetric ultrafiltration monitors (UFM): one device constructed in our hospital using oval flowmeters (UFM-N) and the other using electromagnetic flow transducers (UFM-G: UFM 10-2, Gambro Lund Sweden). The UF measurements of both UFM's were compared with UF calculated from bedscales weight monitoring and standard scales determinations. During dual needle hemodialysis (n = 8) with a hollow fiber dialyzer the accuracy of the UFM-N was 91% and that of the UFM-G 97%. During dual needle dialysis with a parallel flow dialyzer the UFM-N appeared to be more sensitive for pulsatile changes in the dialysate flow due to the greater compliance of this type of dialyzer. The accuracy of the UFM-N in this setting was 80%, while that of the UFM-G was 87% (n = 11). During single needle dialysis with a parallel flow dialyzer (n = 14) only the UFM-G was tested and it measured UF with an accuracy of 92%. Finally the UFM-G can control UF actively by adjusting the TMP to obtain a given UF rate. The accuracy of the UFM-G in this setting was 94%, and the lineair regression correlation coefficient between planned UF and actually obtained UF was 0.974 (n - 61). In conclusion volumetric monitoring of UF is accurate and reliable, but its accuracy is dependent on the type of dialyzer used. The UFM-G proved to be useful in every dialysis modality tested, while the UFM-N can be used in dual-needle dialysis using hollow fiber dialyzers.

Axial Performance of Various Strengthening Methods Applied on Full-Scale Rectangular RC Columns

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 618-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Ching Chen ◽  
Min Lang Lin ◽  
Yin Han Wu
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Rc Columns ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Adhesive Anchors ◽  
Cfrp Wrapping ◽  
Better Than

The performance of RC columns subjected to axial force is relative to the confinement. CFRP wrapping, a generally adopted retrofit method, was proved not to effectively provide confining force due to the bulging effect on the column face. Therefore, this paper is focused on the performance of the retrofitted full-scale rectangular RC columns using different retrofit schemes including the proposed CFRP wrapping conjugated with CFRP anchors method. A total of eleven rectangular RC columns with low transverse reinforcement ratio were constructed. Among them, one was tested as benchmark; one was purposely constructed with larger transverse reinforcement ratio; five were retrofitted by using CFRP wrapping and CFRP anchors; and the other four were retrofitted by using different shapes of steel jacketing alone or with adhesive anchors. All the specimens were subjected to monotonic incremental axial force until failure occurred. Experimental results demonstrated that the ductility of the specimens retrofitted by using CFRP wrapping with CFRP anchors was significantly improved compared with those retrofitted by using only CFRP wrapping. On the other hand, the specimen with octagonal steel jacketing performed better than all other specimens not only on ductility but also on strength. Finally, a novel numerical model considering the contribution of the retrofit material will be proposed and validated in the future.

Local Contact Compliance Relations at Compaction of Composite Powders

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Skrinjar ◽  
Per-Lennart Larsson ◽  
Bertil Storåkers
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Local Contact ◽  
Contact Compliance ◽  
Metallic Composites ◽  
Good Agreement

Local contact behavior of composite powders has been investigated by using the finite element method. In previous analyses of such problems it has in general been assumed that one of the powder materials is rigid while the other deforms at loading as in such a case self-similarity prevails. This is a very good approximation for ceramic/metallic composites but may not be so when the composite consists of two materials of roughly equal hardness. An approximate compliance formula for describing this feature is proposed showing good agreement with corresponding finite element results for representative cases.

A Study about Security of Wind Turbine Foundation in Different Width and Height Ratios

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Shi Jie Xu ◽  
You Hua Fan ◽  
Zhen Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Geometry Feature ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Relationship

Width and height ratio is a characteristic geometry feature of wind turbine foundations. This study establishes the relationship between security of wind turbine foundations and their width and height ratios. There are a number of works on checking wind turbines, however, limited works about how the width and height ratio influences the structure were conducted. This paper provides fifteen models of three different shapes, five circular foundations, five hexagon foundations and five triangle foundations. Data from a wind farm in Guizhou, China, is used to calculate the main wind loads acted on wind turbine structures. Then key factors concerning with security of foundations were obtained. And they were put together so that it is easy for us to find their relationships. The results show foundations have different performance at different ratios. It’s change laws were so clear, security of foundations is improved by the increasing of width and height ratio. On the other hand, hexagon and triangle foundations were certificated suitable for general projects.

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