scholarly journals Two-Stage Seebeck Effect in Charged Colloidal Suspensions

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ioulia Chikina ◽  
Sawako Nakamae ◽  
Valeriy Shikin ◽  
Andrey Varlamov
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Seebeck Effect ◽  
Thermoelectric Effect ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Mobile Ions ◽  
Diffusion Flows

We discuss the peculiarities of the Seebeck effect in stabilized electrolytes containing the colloidal particles. Its unusual feature is the two stage character, with the linear increase of differential thermopower as the function of colloidal particles concentration n⊙ during the first stage (“initial state”) and dramatic drop of it at small n⊙ during the second one (“steady state”). We show that the properties of the initial state are governed by the thermo-diffusion flows of the mobile ions of the stabilizing electrolyte medium itself and how the colloidal particles participate in the formation of the electric field in the bulk of the suspension. In its turn, we attribute the specifics of the steady state thermoelectric effect the massive colloidal particles undergoing slow thermal diffusion and the break down of their electro-neutrality in the vicinity of electrodes.

Transient kinetics of formation of anodic oxide films on tantalum in dilute sulphuric acid

1961 ◽  
Vol 263 (1314) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
High Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Cascade Process ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Frenkel Defects ◽  
Mobile Ions

When a high electric field is suddenly applied to a film in which the concentration of Frenkel defects is initially much lower than would be set up at this field in the steady state, the ionic current (which is supposed to be proportional to the concentration of Frenkel defects) builds up slowly at first and then more rapidly (approximately as d i /d t = ki 2 , where k increases with the field) before stabilizing at the steady-state value. This is in contradiction with the theory that Frenkel defects are produced directly by the high electric field which assists the movement of ions from lattice sites into interstitial sites. According to this theory, d i /d t should be greatest at t = 0. The experimental result suggests that mobile ions are produced by a cascade process in which moving ions eject ions from lattice sites into interstitial sites. Experiments in which the electric field in the oxide film is suddenly changed and the ionic current is measured before the concentration of mobile ions has time to change are expected to give f ' 2 ( E ), where the ionic current is determined (for a given concentration of ions) by a Boltzmann factor with activation energy W 2 reduced by the field by an amount f 2 ( E ). The results were consistent with f 2 ( E ) = q ( α 2 E — β 2 E 2 ) where q = charge on ion, α 2 = 2.23 Å and β 2 = 0.106 Å/10 6 V cm -1 . Experiments in which fields were suddenly applied at different temperatures to films in the same initial state gave an estimate of the activation energy for ionic mobility W 2 as 1.28 ± 0.1eV.

scholarly journals Влияние ионной подсистемы на термоэлектрический эффект в коллоидных растворах

2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
А.В. Сидоров ◽  
В.М. Грабов ◽  
А.А. Зайцев ◽  
Д.В. Кузнецов
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Thermoelectric Effect ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Inhomogeneous Temperature ◽  
Inhomogeneous Temperature Field

The thermoelectric effect is investigated in mixtures of colloidal solutions with ionic electrolytes in the initial state, when the formation of concentration gradients under the influence of an inhomogeneous temperature field can be neglected. Based on experimental measurements in mixtures with different concentrations of colloidal particles and ions, the conditions under with the coefficient of thermoelectric EMF is determined by the ion subsystem and under which the main contribution to the value of the thermoelectric force is made by colloidal particles are determined.

On the steady-state modelling of a two-stage evaporator system

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. A. Hawlader ◽  
S. K. Chou ◽  
K. J. Chua ◽  
J. C. Ho ◽  
A. S. Mujumdar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Two Stage

Aggregation of binary colloidal suspensions on attractive walls

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 3073-3079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleena Laganapan ◽  
Davide Bochicchio ◽  
Marguerite Bienia ◽  
Arnaud Videcoq ◽  
Riccardo Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Solid Surface ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Fundamental Importance

The adsorption of colloidal particles from a suspension on a solid surface is of fundamental importance to many physical and biological systems.

The Numerical Analysis of Temperature Field During Moveable Induction Heating of Steel Plate

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Xue-biao Zhang ◽  
Yu-long Yang ◽  
Yu-jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Plate Temperature

In shipyards, hull curved plate formation is an important stage with respect to productivity and accuracy control of curved plates. Because the power and its distribution of induction heat source are easier to control and reproduce, induction heating is expected to be applied in the line heating process. This paper studies the moveable induction heating process of steel plate and develops a numerical model of electromagneticthermal coupling analysis and the numerical results consistent with the experimental results. The numerical model is used to analyze the temperature changing rules and the influences on plate temperature field of heating speed of moveable induction heating of steel plate, and the following conclusions are drawn. First, the process of moveable induction heating of steel plate can be divided into three phases of initial state, quasi-steady state, and end state. The temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate at the initial state is the biggest; it remains unchanged at the quasi-steady state and it is the smallest at the end state. Second, obvious end effect occurs when the edges of the steel plate are heated by the inductor, which causes a decrease in temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate that is unfavorable for formation of pillow shape plates. Third, with the increase of heating speed, the temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate increases gradually.

scholarly journals Directional freezing of binary colloidal suspensions: a model for size fractionation of graphene oxide

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Luofu Liu ◽  
Hongya Geng ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Jiajia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Size Fractionation ◽  
Preferential Adsorption ◽  
Directional Freezing ◽  
Ice Phase

A theoretical model of a binary colloid suspension was developed by incorporating both the moving freezing boundary and the preferential adsorption of colloidal particles to the ice phase.

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