scholarly journals Temperature Anomalies, Long Memory, and Aggregation

Econometrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
J. Eduardo Vera-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Long Memory ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radius Of Influence ◽  
Bandwidth Parameter ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Individual Grid ◽  
Global Heating

Econometric studies for global heating have typically used regional or global temperature averages to study its long memory properties. One typical explanation behind the long memory properties of temperature averages is cross-sectional aggregation. Nonetheless, formal analysis regarding the effect that aggregation has on the long memory dynamics of temperature data has been missing. Thus, this paper studies the long memory properties of individual grid temperatures and compares them against the long memory dynamics of global and regional averages. Our results show that the long memory parameters in individual grid observations are smaller than those from regional averages. Global and regional long memory estimates are greatly affected by temperature measurements at the Tropics, where the data is less reliable. Thus, this paper supports the notion that aggregation may be exacerbating the long memory estimated in regional and global temperature data. The results are robust to the bandwidth parameter, limit for station radius of influence, and sampling frequency.

scholarly journals Responding to the Need for Better Global Temperature Data

Eos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Lawrimore ◽  
Jared Rennie ◽  
Peter Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Data ◽  
Global Temperature

scholarly journals The neglected cestode infection: Epidemiology of Hymenolepis nana infection among children in rural Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
H. M. Al-Mekhlafi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

SummaryHymenolepis nana is the most common cestode reported in humans worldwide. It is prevalent among children in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in rural poor communities where sanitation is inadequate or lacking. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and significant risk factors of H. nana infection among children in rural Yemen. Faecal samples were collected from 498 children and screened for intestinal parasites by using wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic, socioeconomic, housing condition, and personal hygiene information. Overall, 77.5 % (386/498) of the children were found to be infected by at least one intestinal parasite species. The overall prevalence of H. nana was 17.5 % (87/498). Multivariate analysis confirmed that an age of < 6 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.28; 95 % (confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 8.98), presence of other family members infected with H. nana (AOR = 2.48; 95 % CI = 1.45, 4.24), living in the highlands (AOR = 2.87; 95 % CI = 1.56, 5.26), living in a house without improved toilet facilities (AOR = 2.19; 95 % CI = 1.23, 3.88), not washing vegetables before consumption (AOR = 2.11; 95 % CI = 1.06, 4.19), and not washing hands after defecation (AOR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.08, 3.27) were the key factors significantly associated with H. nana infection among the studied children. In conclusion, H. nana is prevalent among children in rural Yemen, particularly among preschool-aged children. Thus, an integrated and effective programme to control intestinal parasitic infections should include preschool-aged children. Such a programme should focus on providing health education on hygienic practices, providing adequate sanitation and improved sources of drinking water, and screening and treating other infected family members.

Application of spectra-temporal analysis methods to detect common signals in length of day, global sea level rise, global temperature data, and ENSO indices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Kosek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Length Of Day ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Enso Indices

&lt;p&gt;It is already well known that intra-seasonal oscillations in the Earth&amp;#8217;s global temperature are driven by ENSO (El Ni&amp;#241;o Southern Oscillation) events. ENSO signal is also present in length of day and global sea level rise, because during El Ni&amp;#241;o the increase of the length of day and global sea level rise can be noticed. To detect common oscillations in length of day, global sea level rise, global temperature data and ENSO indices the wavelet-based semblance filtering method was used. This method, however, seeks the signals with a good phase agreement of oscillations in two time series thus, no phase agreement results in very small amplitudes of the common signals. The spectra-temporal semblance functions allow detecting the similarity of two time series in spectral bands in which the amplitudes and phases of the oscillations are consistent with each other. The amplitudes of oscillations in the considered data vary in time and in order to detect the signals with similar amplitude variations between pairs of time series the normalized Morlet wavelet transform (NMWT) and the combination of the Fourier transform bandpass filter with the Hilbert transform (FTBPF+HT) were used. These two methods enable computation of the instantaneous amplitudes and phases of oscillations in two real-valued time series. In order to detect oscillations with similar amplitude variations in two time series correlation coefficients between the amplitude variations as a function of oscillation frequencies were computed.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Kecacingan Soil Transmitted Helminths Pada Anak Usia 1 – 5 Tahun Di Rw 07 Geringging Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Sri Kartini ◽  
Ilham Kurniati ◽  
Nandriya Safarin Jayati ◽  
Windra Sumitra
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Fecal Sample ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Tropics

Helminthiasis is a disease that occurs in the population in the tropics and subtropics area.One of the helminthiasis in humans is Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH). The prevalence of this disease is still to be a concern because the prevalence is quite high in children that is no exception in the children aged 1-5 years. The factors causing helminthiasis are included behavioral and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the factors that are related to STH helminthiasis incidence among others, the habit of washing hand of mothers, the habit of wearing footwear, the cleanliness of mother and child's nails, the availability of clean water, the availability of latrines and the availability of the trash. The sample is the total population of 55 children aged 1-5 years in RW 07 Geringging Rumbai Pesisir District. This research is an observational quantitative with cross sectional design.Data is taken from the result of questionnaire and human fecal sample. The data were analyzed using chi square test. The result of the research showing STH infected children were 7 people (12,7%). The types of the worm eggs that infect are Ascaris lumbricoides (7.2%), Trichuris trichiura (3.6%), and hookworm (1.8%). The result of statistical test showed that there was a relationship between hand washing habits (p = 0,039), children habit wearing footwear (p = 0,002), clean of mother and child nail (p = 0,041), clean water supply (p = 0,016) (p = 0,024) and there is no relation between garbage availability (p = 0,168)) to the occurrence of helminthiasis. Keywords: Helminthiasis, washing hand of mothers, wearing children's footwear, cleaning mother's and children's nails, availability of clean water, availability of latrines

scholarly journals The Optimal Bandwidth Parameter Selection in GPH Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhou ◽  
Huihui Tao ◽  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Weiqiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Optimal Bandwidth ◽  
Bandwidth Parameter ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Memory Parameter

In this paper, the optimal bandwidth parameter is investigated in the GPH algorithm. Firstly, combining with the stylized facts of financial time series, we generate long memory sequences by using the ARFIMA (1, d, 1) process. Secondly, we use the Monte Carlo method to study the impact of the GPH algorithm on existence test, persistence or antipersistence judgment of long memory, and the estimation accuracy of the long memory parameter. The results show that the accuracy of above three factors in the long memory test reached a relatively high level within the bandwidth parameter interval of 0.5 < a < 0.7. For different lengths of time series, bandwidth parameter a = 0.6 can be used as the optimal choice of the GPH estimation. Furthermore, we give the calculation accuracy of the GPH algorithm on existence, persistence or antipersistence of long memory, and long memory parameter d when a = 0.6.

Co-infection of schistosomiasis, malaria, HBV and HIV among adults living in Eggua Community, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
P. Olayinka ◽  
P. Ajide ◽  
H.O. Awobode ◽  
A.J. Osundiran ◽  
O.S. Onile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Conventional Microscopy ◽  
The Tropics

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the blood fluke that continues to plague many developing countries in the tropics. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of schistosomiasis, malaria, HBV and HIV co-infection among adults in some villages of Eggua Community, Nigeria (Tata, Imoto, Orile and Ebute Igbooro). In cross-sectional surveys, 240 participants were recruited from Orile and Ebute Igbooro and 207 from Tata and Imoto. Urine samples were collected and tested for urinary schistosomiasis by conventional microscopy; blood samples were tested for HBV, HIV and malaria using standard RDTs and microscopy respectively. Prevalence and co-infection of the diseases was analyzed by chi-squared (x2) test. The prevalence of schistosomiasis and malaria was 21.3% and 11.1% in Tata and Imoto respectively; and 14.5% and 19.1% in Orile and Ebute Igbooro, respectively. The overall prevalence of co-infection of urinary schistosomiasis with malaria was 2.5% and 0.4% each with HIV and HBV in the study areas. Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium falciparum are prevalent in the study-area, and an integrated control approach directed against the two parasites should be carried out. Keywords: Schistosomiasis; malaria; co-infection; HBV and HIV.

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