scholarly journals Public Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes: New Evidence from Ghana

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal Kofi Boachie ◽  
K. Ramu ◽  
Tatjana Põlajeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Cost

The effect of government spending on population’s health has received attention over the past decades. This study re-examines the link between government health expenditures and health outcomes to establish whether government intervention in the health sector improves outcomes. The study uses annual data for the period 1980–2014 on Ghana. The ordinary least squares (OLS) and the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimators are employed for analyses; the regression estimates are then used to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. The results show that, aside from income, public health expenditure contributed to the improvements in health outcomes in Ghana for the period. We find that, overall, increasing public health expenditure by 10% averts 0.102–4.4 infant and under-five deaths in every 1000 live births while increasing life expectancy at birth by 0.77–47 days in a year. For each health outcome indicator, the effect of income dominates that of public spending. The cost per childhood mortality averted ranged from US$0.20 to US$16, whereas the cost per extra life year gained ranged from US$7 to US$593.33 (2005 US$) during the period. Although the health effect of income outweighs that of public health spending, high (and rising) income inequality makes government intervention necessary. In this respect, development policy should consider raising health sector investment inter alia to improve health conditions.

scholarly journals A call for harmonization of European kidney care: dialysis reimbursement and distribution of kidney replacement therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan van der Tol ◽  
Vianda S Stel ◽  
Kitty J Jager ◽  
Norbert Lameire ◽  
Rachael L Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We compare reimbursement for haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in European countries to assess the impact on government healthcare budgets. We discuss strategies to reduce costs by promoting sustainable dialysis and kidney transplantation. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey among nephrologists conducted online July–December 2016. European countries were categorized by tertiles of gross domestic product per capita (GDP). Reimbursement data were matched to kidney replacement therapy (KRT) data. Results The prevalence per million population of patients being treated with long-term dialysis was not significantly different across tertiles of GDP (P = 0.22). The percentage of PD increased with GDP across tertiles (4.9, 8.2, 13.4%; P < 0.001). The HD-to-PD reimbursement ratio was higher in countries with the highest tertile of GDP (0.7, 1.0 versus 1.7; P = 0.007). Home HD was mainly reimbursed in countries with the highest tertile of GDP (15, 15 versus 69%; P = 0.005). The percentage of public health expenditure for reimbursement of dialysis decreased across tertiles of GDP (3.3, 1.5, 0.7%; P < 0.001). Transplantation as a proportion of all KRT increased across tertiles of GDP (18.5, 39.5, 56.0%; P < 0.001). Conclusions In Europe, dialysis has a disproportionately high impact on public health expenditure, especially in countries with a lower GDP. In these countries, the cost difference between PD and HD is smaller, and home dialysis and transplantation are less frequently provided than in countries with a higher GDP. In-depth evaluation and analysis of influential economic and political measures are needed to steer optimized reimbursement strategies for KRT.

scholarly journals The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Asean Countries

Abstract Background The importance of the status of female health should have research priority due to the unique medical needs of women. Hence this paper attempts to explore the nexus of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure with female health outcomes in the SAARC-ASEAN countries. Methods Using the data of 2002–2018, and applying the cross-sectional dependence test, Modified Wald test, Wooldridge test, the Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) model, the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model, and the pair-wise Granger causality test, the robust outcomes on female health are found. Results Access to electricity, female education rate, public health expenditure, economic growth, and immunization rate, all have a positive effect on female life expectancy at birth, and a negative effect on the female adult mortality rate. The urbanization rate has a significantly positive impact on female life expectancy at birth but an insignificant impact on female adult mortality rate. The one-way causal relationship between the variables are also revealed. Conclusions All the results are rational and have important milestone for the health sector. The health status of females should be improved and protected by formulating effective policies on access to electricity, female education, public health expenditure, immunization, economic growth, and urbanization.

scholarly journals Improving the management of public health expenditure through the active implementation of results-based budgeting

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
О.А. Федяева
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Public Health Expenditures

В работе отмечена важность совершенствования управления государственными расходами на здравоохранение посредством активного внедрения бюджетирования, ориентированного на результат. В работе сформулированы такие предложения как создание государственной корпорации Росздрав, повышение прозрачности оказания медицинской помощи, поиск дополнительных инструментов финансового обеспечения (краудфандинг) и его применение при реализации социальных проектов медицинской направленности и др. The article highlights the importance of improving the management of public health expenditures through the active implementation of results-based budgeting. The article contains such proposals as the creation of the state Corporation Roszdrav, increasing the transparency of medical care, searching for additional financial support tools (crowdfunding) and its application in the implementation of social projects of medical orientation, etc.

scholarly journals The Effects of Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes Based on the Classification of Public Health Expenditure: A Panel Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Rezapour ◽  
Abdoreza Mousavi ◽  
Farhad Lotfi ◽  
Maryam Soleimani Movahed ◽  
Samira Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Public Health Expenditure

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2993
Author(s):  
Besuthu Hlafa ◽  
Kin Sibanda ◽  
Dumisani MacDonald Hompashe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

Health holds an important position in maintaining economic development since it is both a prerequisite for and an outcome of economic development. This means that health contributes greatly to the attainment of sustainable development and health outcomes. The importance of health is demonstrated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) where three of the eight goals are aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite progress made by other middle-income countries in achieving health-related MDGs, South Africa is still worse off in respect of health outcomes and experiences a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals. This study’s main focus was to identify the association between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa’s nine provinces from 2002 to 2016. The study implemented fixed effects and a random effects panel data estimation technique to control for time effects and individual provincial heterogeneity. This was followed by employing the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the appropriate estimator for the study. The study also employed the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model and the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) model to examine the impact of public health expenditure on each province separately. The findings elucidated that the relationship between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa varied across provinces depending on provincial management and infrastructure availability.

The effect of health expenditure on selected maternal and child health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1386-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiabi Nicholas ◽  
Nketiah-Amponsah Edward ◽  
Senadza Bernardin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Child

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of public and private health expenditures on selected maternal-child health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes panel data on 40 SSA countries spanning the period 2000-2010. The data are analyzed using the fixed effects estimation technique. Findings The results indicate that public health expenditure is inversely and significantly related to infant (IMRR) and under-five (U5MR) mortalities in SSA. Though public health expenditure has the a priori negative sign, it has no significant effect on maternal mortality (MMR) in SSA. Further, private health expenditure did not prove to be significant in improving maternal-child health outcomes (IMRR, U5MR and MMR) in SSA. Practical implications The implication of the findings is that a percentage point increase in public health expenditure (as a share of GDP) across the region will result in saving the lives of about 7,040 children every year. Hence, it is important for governments in SSA to increase their shares of health expenditure (public health expenditure) in order to achieve improved health outcomes. Originality/value Previous studies have not adequately explored the effect of various components of health expenditures – public and private – on health outcomes in the context of SSA. In addition to the focus on maternal-child health variables such as infant, under-five and maternal mortalities, the study accounts for the possibility of a non-linear and non-monotonic relationship between healthcare expenditures and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Public Health Expenditure and Under-five Mortality in Nigeria: An Overview for Policy Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Dominic E. Azuh ◽  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Mary Orbih ◽  
Abigail Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

AIM: This study looked at the contribution of the health expenditure by the government on under-five mortality in Nigeria. METHODS: The autoregressive distribution lag technique was employed in this study in examining the long-run effect of public health expenditure on under-five mortality in Nigeria. Data were sourced from the World Development Indicators for the period 1985–2017. RESULTS: Results from the study showed that though public health expenditure is statistically significant, it showed a positive relationship with the under-five mortality. CONCLUSION: The implication of this result is that 1 unit increase in public health expenditure would improve increase under-five mortality rate by 1.56 units. However, in the Nigerian context, this can be better explained by the lack of proper health-fund coordination and other factors such as maternal education. Therefore, the study concluded by recommending that proper health-fund coordination should be put in place to ensure that budget allocated to the health sector is being spent properly.  

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