scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF A MEDICAL INSTITUTION OF A FUNCTIONAL-ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF CONTROLLED PREVENTION OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
V.A. Gandzyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Medico Economic

Summary. The relevance of the work is due to the need to optimize preventive measures for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at the level of a medical institution in a pandemic. Purpose of the study. Scientific substantiation of the conceptual foundations for the development of a functional-organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases in the adult population at the level of a medical institution based on the determination of medico-economic factors of influence. Materials and methods. To determine the medical characteristics that affect the controllability of preventive measures, a sample of 376 patients over 18 years old was used. Methods used: statistical, systems approach and analysis, decision classification trees and conceptual modeling. Results. The conceptual approaches to the development of a functional and organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic diseases in the adult population at the level of a medical institution include the principles of controllability (controlled prevention), evidence-based prevention, an innovative design-process approach, vertical and horizontal integration, and the use of an information system. Among the main medical factors influencing the construction of the model is the frequency of the presence and combination of risk factors in patients, among economic factors - the cost of individual programs of primary prevention. Conclusions. The construction of a functional-organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic diseases at the level of a medical institution is ensured by the use of medico-economic and functional-organizational factors and a number of principles that provide a systematic approach to solving the problem.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multimorbidity of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil: Population-Based Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Shi ◽  
Simone Maria da Silva Lima ◽  
Caroline Maria de Miranda Mota ◽  
Ying Lu ◽  
Randall S Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases

BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE This study, based on self-reported medical diagnosis, aims to investigate the dynamic distribution of multimorbidity across sociodemographic levels and its impacts on health-related issues over 15 years in Brazil using national data. METHODS Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, hypothesis tests, and logistic regression. The study sample comprised 679,572 adults (18-59 years of age) and 115,699 elderly people (≥60 years of age) from the two latest cross-sectional, multiple-cohort, national-based studies: the National Sample Household Survey (PNAD) of 1998, 2003, and 2008, and the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) of 2013. RESULTS Overall, the risk of multimorbidity in adults was 1.7 times higher in women (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% CI 1.67-1.79) and 1.3 times higher among people without education (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28-1.41). Multiple chronic diseases considerably increased with age in Brazil, and people between 50 and 59 years old were about 12 times more likely to have multimorbidity than adults between 18 and 29 years of age (OR 11.89, 95% CI 11.27-12.55). Seniors with multimorbidity had more than twice the likelihood of receiving health assistance in community services or clinics (OR 2.16, 95% CI 2.02-2.31) and of being hospitalized (OR 2.37, 95% CI 2.21-2.56). The subjective well-being of adults with multimorbidity was often worse than people without multiple chronic diseases (OR=12.85, 95% CI: 12.07-13.68). These patterns were similar across all 4 cohorts analyzed and were relatively stable over 15 years. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows little variation in the prevalence of the multimorbidity of chronic diseases in Brazil over time, but there are differences in the prevalence of multimorbidity across different social groups. It is hoped that the analysis of multimorbidity from the two latest Brazil national surveys will support policy making on epidemic prevention and management.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SMOKING IN ADULT POPULATION OF IRKUTSK

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Максикова ◽  
Tatyana Maksikova ◽  
Бабанская ◽  
Evgeniya Babanskaya ◽  
Меньшикова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
The One

Smoking is a significant risk factor of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Smoking prevalence is variable in different populations. A study of the prevalence of this risk factor allows to estimate its contribution to the development of cardiovascular pathology, to plan the necessary amount of medical care for people using tobacco, and to determine the effectiveness of prevention activities in the region. As a result of the study, smoking frequency in population of the Irkutsk region older 18years of age or over was established as 29.5%. The number of smokers increased with age, reaching maximum value of 38.6% in the group 30–39 years. Male smokers made maximum in the age group 30–39 years, women – in the age group of 18–19 years. The average age of smokers was 34 years, the one of nonsmokers – 43 years. The age difference was 9 years, and it was lower in the group of men than in the group of women (5 and 11 years, respectively). The number of the smoking men were 3 times larger, than women: 50.2% and 13.5%, respectively. Among persons with arterial hypertension, 22.1% were smoking with the maximum frequency of smoking in age groups from 20 to 49 years. These figures point to a considerable problem of smoking in the region.

scholarly journals The sociodemographic determinants of non-communicable diseases among the adult population of Dubai: self-reported data from Dubai household health survey, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa K. Alnakhi ◽  
Heba Mamdouh ◽  
Hamid Y. Hussain ◽  
Gamal M. Ibrahim ◽  
Amar Sabri Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Self ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. In the UAE, NCDs account for nearly 77% of all deaths. There is limited empirical research on this topic in the UAE. We aim to examine this association among the adult population in the Emirate of Dubai.Method: This study used data from the Dubai Household Health Survey (DHHS), 2019. In this survey, 2,247 families were interviewed and only adults aged 18+ were included for the analysis. The self-reported chronic disease was defined as reporting any chronic morbidities occurred during the past year that required ongoing medical attention and medical care. Sociodemographic characteristics covariates were age group, marital status, nationality, gender, education and working status. The quasi-binomial distribution was used to identify factors associated with chronic disease.Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases among the adult population of Dubai was 15.01%. Individuals aged 60+, local Arabs (Emirati), divorced and widowed individuals, and individuals who were not currently working reported a chronic disease more than the other groups. In the regression analysis, age (years) was the strongest predictor (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.7). Males were more likely to report a chronic disease (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.277, 2.035). Unmarried individuals were less likely to report a chronic disease (OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.70). However, older individuals who were unmarried were more likely to report a chronic disease compared to the reference group (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.1). Emiratis were more likely to report a chronic disease (OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.67).Conclusion: The self-reported rate of chronic disease was shown to be higher in older individuals, males, Emiratis, and older individuals who were unmarried. This is one of the few studies related to chronic diseases in Dubai. It is important to translate the current study findings into policies to help reduce the incidence of chronic diseases in Dubai and to minimize the negative impact of these illnesses, particularly among those with the sociodemographic risk factors identified here. In addition, healthcare services and resources should be reallocated to the population groups with greater health needs.

International perspectives on inpatient mental health care

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Andrew Molodynski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
International Perspectives

Inpatient care varies enormously, both between countries and regions and within them. These variations are most stark when based on economic factors, but stigma, prevailing societal attitudes, and the role of the family also play a significant part in the amount and quality of mental health care overall. This chapter begins by outlining global economic factors and their impact on provision. It then focuses on the concept of a whole systems approach, looking briefly at the evidence base for different components of services generally seen in high-income group countries. Alternative suggestions to ‘high-income group’ models are discussed as the evidence internationally emanates almost exclusively from a small number of wealthy westernized countries. The chapter ends with a section looking at several internationally important themes in inpatient care and outlining examples of differences between countries in challenges and in solutions to what is one of the longest standing issues in mental health care: how to provide humane, effective inpatient care to those who need it (and not to those who do not).

scholarly journals Internal Migration in Spain: A Complementary Approach

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Adolfo Maza
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Working Age

This study examines the determinants of internal migration of working-age population among provinces in Spain in the aftermath of the economic crisis. It pays special attention to two features of migration that have not been sufficiently studied so far: (a) Distance, namely the differences between the determinants that are behind short-distance and long-distance movements; (b) Age, that is to say, whether young and adult migrants hold different motivations. To accomplish this aim, an extended model is used in which, apart from a variable capturing distance, both economic and non-economic (amenities) variables are included. Findings reveal that both economic factors (mainly unemployment and income) and amenities (measured by a climate condition variable) are more important for adult population and long-distance movements than for young population and movements between neighbouring provinces. Additional findings seem to convey the message that, as far as housing prices are concerned, they play a significant role when migration takes place between neighbouring provinces, but lose importance when all migrations are studied together. Moreover, the paper’s results do not cast, as expected, any doubt on the importance of distance regardless of the type of migration or age of the migrant.

scholarly journals Association between leisure-time physical activity and the risk of chronic diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dedele ◽  
A Miskinyte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization, non-communicable diseases or chronic diseases, account for 71 percent of all deaths globally, affecting individuals of all age groups and countries. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between a lack of physical activity (PA) and the risk of raised blood pressure, increased body mass index and obesity that can lead to chronic diseases. Methods The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between leisure-time PA and the risk of chronic diseases among adult population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 470 men and 641 women who participated in “The Impact of Sustainable Mobility, Physical Activity and Environmental Factors on Urban Population Health Study (ISMA)” in Lithuania. Leisure-time PA was self-reported and divided into three levels: low, moderate and high. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of chronic diseases according to leisure-time PA. Results More than half (55%) of the study population engaged in a moderate intensity PA and 12% of participants engaged in a high intensity leisure-time PA. Men 1.6 times more often than women reported engaging in a high intensity PA in leisure time (p = 0.004). Adults who engaged in low intensity leisure-time PA had almost 3 times (OR = 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-5.24) higher risk of chronic diseases, whereas those adults who reported moderate intensity leisure-time PA had an OR of 1.63 (95% CI 0.92-2.87) compared to individuals who engaged in a high-level PA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high levels of leisure-time PA could reduce the risk of chronic diseases and this effect was significantly stronger in men. Key messages Global decline in PA is related to inaction during leisure time and sedentary behaviour at work and at home that has a major health impact worldwide. High levels of leisure-time PA are important factor for chronic disease prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Feyissa Challa ◽  
Tigist Getahun ◽  
Meron Sileshi ◽  
Bikila Nigassie ◽  
Zeleke Geto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Steps Survey ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases, but data on the prevalence and predictors of HHcy in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are scant. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHcy and associated risk factors in the Ethiopian adult population. A cross-sectional survey on risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) using the STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey was conducted between April and June 2015. A total of 4,175 study participants were surveyed. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic profile were determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and CardioChek PA analyzer, respectively. Factors associated with HHcy were determined using logistic regression. The mean serum tHcy concentration was 14.6 μmol/L, with 16.4 μmol/L in males and 13.4 μmol/L in females. Overall, 38% had HHcy, with figures in males (49%) higher than females (30%). Increased age, being male, and high blood pressure and/or taking blood pressure medication, as well as low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, were independent risk factors for HHcy. In conclusion, the prevalence of HHcy among the adult Ethiopian population is alarmingly high. Improving diets through the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption is needed to reduce the risk of NCDs.

Inequalities in common mental disorders between advantaged and disadvantaged groups: an Oaxaca – Blinder decomposition analysis on socio-economic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Fathola Mohamadian ◽  
Ali Delpisheh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the socio-economic factors of inequalities in common mental disorders (MDs) between advantaged and disadvantaged groups and also to determine the main contributors of inequality. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017. The authors included 763 persons by stratified cluster sampling; clusters were cities, geographical area and households. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used to estimate of main inequalities determinant between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Findings Overall prevalence of MDs was 22.6 and 35.6% in the advantage and disadvantaged groups, respectively. The concentration index was −0.013 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): −0.022, −0.004]; therefore, MDs were more concentrated in the deprived group. The risk of MDs in deprived group and females was 81 and 60% higher than advantaged group (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.57) and males (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.24), respectively. Educational status [−0.06 (95% CI: −0.10, −0.01)] was the highest level of contribution in inequality in gaps between groups. Originality/value The socio-demographic inequality in MDs among adult population was more explained by lower educational level, married persons and unemployment variables.

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