scholarly journals The Effect of Education and Macroeconomic Variables on Corruption Index in G20 Member Countries

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Nugroho S. B. Maria ◽  
Indah Susilowati ◽  
Salman Fathoni ◽  
Izza Mafruhah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Effectiveness Index ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of several macroeconomic variables consisting of gross domestic products (GDP) per capita, economic openness, government effectiveness index, inflation, and the level of education on the corruption index in G20 member countries. This study focused on the effect of education on the level of corruption in the G20 member countries by treating other macroeconomic variables as control variables that were not analyzed in depth. This research used mixed methods with multiple regression with two stage least square (2SLS) estimation method followed by phenomenological analysis. This study found that primary education enrolment and the lifelong learning index did not significantly influence the level of corruption for all G20 member countries, developed member countries, and developing member countries. Secondary education enrolment showed a negative and significant influence on the level of corruption in all categories of countries (all members, developing, and developed countries). Tertiary education enrolment had a negative and significant influence on the level of corruption in all members and developing countries, but had a positive influence in the developed countries. GDP per capita had a contrasting influence: negative and significant influence in the developed countries, but positive and significant influence in the developing countries. Similar to secondary education, the government effectiveness index had a negative and significant influence in all categories of countries (all members, developing, and developed countries). In contrast, inflation and economic openness had a positive and significant influence on the level of corruption, but only in developing countries. The policy implication of this study is the prioritization of secondary education to tackle corruption problems.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

Community forestry in developed and developing countries: A comparative study

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azim U. Mallik ◽  
Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Management Alternative ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Concerns about the ecological and economic sustainability of industrial forestry led to the revival of community forestry (CF) in the developing countries. Recently, the developed countries are also examining the feasibility of CF as a land management alternative for the similar reasons. This paper compares the opportunities and challenges of CF in the developing and developed countries. Particular emphasis is placed on the goals and objectives, participants and beneficiaries, land tenure, size and management, ecology and economics of CF. In the developing countries CF is generally small, labour intensive and geared to meeting the basic needs of the community people. By contrast, CF in the developed countries is large, capital intensive and market oriented. Notwithstanding the differences, CF provides an opportunity for ecosystem management to maintain community stability and ecological integrity in both developing and developed countries. Key words: community forestry, sustainability, ecosystem management, community stability

scholarly journals An Optimal Pollution Control Model for Environmental Protection Cooperation between Developing and Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Liu ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Yibin Zhang ◽  
Xiding Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

With the continuous increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the world and the United States announcing withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, the conflicts between environmental protection and economic growth of developing and developed countries have become increasingly challenging. In this paper, following the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” specified in the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, we develop an optimal pollution control model based on a dynamic system for both developing and developed countries. We analyze how different perspectives of the developing and developed countries affect their investments in pollution control and how to determine their responsibilities based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Our aim is to obtain a stable equilibrium mechanism to maximize the social welfare between the developing and developed countries and explore the optimal pollution control and economic growth path. Our results show that it is optimal for the developed countries to help developing countries with pollution control in their initial stage of economic growth. Once the developing countries reach a certain economic development level, they can contribute more to pollution control, while the developed countries can reduce their environmental investment. We show that by following this optimal path, the developing and developed countries can effectively control environment pollution without significant loss of social welfare.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

A systematic literature review of lean manufacturing implementation in manufacturing-based sectors of the developing and developed countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Maware ◽  
Modestus Okechukwu Okwu ◽  
Olufemi Adetunji
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose This study aims to comparatively discuss the effect of lean manufacturing (LM) implementation in the manufacturing sectors of developing and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth literature review focused on previous research published between 2015 and March 2020. The papers published by the databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science were used in the study. A total of 63 studies that focused on LM application in manufacturing industries in developing and developed countries were used in the research. Findings It was observed that LM improves operational performance for manufacturing organizations in developing and developed countries. Small and medium-sized enterprises in both developed and developing countries have difficulties transforming their organizations into lean organizations compared to large enterprises. Furthermore, the review also found that there seems to have been no paper had reported the negative impact of implementing LM in manufacturing industries in developing and developed countries from 2015 to March 2020. Research limitations/implications The study used research papers written between January 2015 and March 2020 and only considered manufacturing organizations from developed and developing nations. Practical implications The study provides more insight into LM implementation in developing and developed countries. It gives the LM practices and the implications of applying these practices in manufacturing organizations for developing and developed countries. Originality/value A preliminary review of papers indicated that this seems to be the first paper that comparatively studies how LM implementation has affected manufacturing organizations in developed and developing countries. The study also assessed the LM practices commonly used by the manufacturing industries in developing and developed countries.

scholarly journals The validity of world class business criteria across developed and developing countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre J. Parker ◽  
Theo H. Veldsman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Class Standing ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
World Class ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Business Challenges ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Orientation: World class implies being able to respond effectively to the prevailing business challenges in a manner that surpasses competitors and to compete effectively in the global economy.Research purpose: To assess the validity of the general assumption in the literature that world class criteria are equally applicable worldwide.Motivation for research: The possibility exists that developing countries require an adjusted mix of world class criteria and practices to become globally competitive.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative field survey research approach was adopted. A web-enabled questionnaire was designed, covering 35 world class practices grouped under 7 world class criteria. A cross-section of the senior management from 14 developing and 20 developed country’s organisations partook in the study.Main findings: It was empirically confirmed that the majority of world class practices posited in the literature are used by participating organisations; that world class criteria do not apply equally across developed and developing countries; and that more important than country location, is the deliberate choice by an organisation’s leadership to become world class. An empirically based model of ascending to world class was proposed.Practical/managerial implications: Regardless of country location, the leadership of an organisation can make their organisation world class by applying the proposed world class model.Contribution/value add: A reliable web enabled instrument was designed that can be used to assess an organisation’s world class standing; the assumption that world class criteria are equally valid across developing and developed countries was proven partially incorrect; since becoming or being world class is also a leadership choice regardless of location.

scholarly journals Factors contributing the outcome of Schizophrenia in developing and developed countries: A brief review

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Naheed ◽  
Khondoker Ayesha Akter ◽  
Fatema Tabassum ◽  
Rumana Mawla ◽  
Mahmudur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

According to WHO, schizophrenia is a severe form of mental illness affecting about 7 per thousand of the adult popu-lation, mostly in the age group 15-35 years. Though the incidence is low (3-10,000), the prevalence is high due to chronicity. Schizophrenia is occurring in both developing and developed countries. The remission rate is higher in developing countries compared to the developed ones. There are some compelling factors that may influence the out-come of schizophrenia includes gender, employment, marital status, family support, illness myths, family burden, duration of untreated psychosis etc. In this review we have discussed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and finally the factors that influence the outcome of schizophrenia in developing and developed countries.Key Words: Schizophrenia, outcome, developing countries, antipsychotic agents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i4.10063International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(4): 81-85 

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

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