scholarly journals A New Approach to Examine Non-Linear and Mediated Growth and Convergence Outcomes of Cohesion Policy

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Alma Maciulyte-Sniukiene ◽  
Renata Macaitiene ◽  
Kristina Matuzeviciute
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Convergence Model

This paper contributes to a wide range of studies on Cohesion policy (CP) outcomes by proposing a new approach to directly examine its effect on convergence. We extended the non-linear specification of the conditional β-convergence model by introducing 2- and 3-way multiplicative terms and institutions as moderators not only for growth but also for convergence. By developing and calculating conditional slope coefficients and their standard errors, we found empirical evidence that institutional quality can scale down the diminishing marginal impact of funding and even trigger its increase. Our evidence regarding changes to disaggregation levels, programming period, and CP outcomes is robust. Our research findings suggest a redistribution of funds over the 2021–2027 period in favour of projects dedicated to enhancing institutional quality.

scholarly journals Mediating Effects of Cohesion Policy and Institutional Quality on Convergence between EU Regions: An Examination Based on a Conditional Beta-Convergence Model with a 3-Way Multiplicative Term

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3025
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė ◽  
Kristina Matuzevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Convergence Model ◽  
Beta Convergence

The paper contributes to the existing literature on the EU’s Cohesion Policy outcomes by extending the conditional beta-convergence model with a 3-way multiplicative term to examine the mediating effects of the Cohesion Policy, institutional quality, and their interaction on regional convergence. The empirical analysis based on conditional slope coefficients and conditional standard errors provides evidence that both the mediating factors under consideration contribute positively to boosting regional convergence in the EU at the NUTS 2 and 3 disaggregation level, but with much bigger success over the 2007–2013 programming period compared to the previous one. Moreover, Cohesion Policy and institutional quality act as substituting rather than complementary mediating factors.

scholarly journals HIERARCHICAL-TYPE STRUCTURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Kotchetkov
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Research Findings

The assessment of hierarchical structures has long been under examination by scientists for more than a hundred years.  Hierarchical structures are significantly associated with effective management and bureaucratic decisions making.  A wide range of problems exists on this subject, including the analysis of the most applied management models at the enterprises.  These models describe hierarchical structures, and also permit the reduction in management expenses.  Methodological basis of the real research are classical concepts presented in different branches of the management theory.  The real research is based on methods of the functional and structural analysis, as well as on empirical observation method.Adequate evaluation of hierarchical structures enables an achievement in efficiency of enterprise management.  The importance of the research findings comprises the presented recommendations and in a new approach of  hierarchical structures assessment.  These results can be used by market-related institutes, e.g. insurance companies, banking institutions, auditor companies, etc.

scholarly journals National Audit Authorities and their impact on the assurance level of the EU Cohesion Policy spending

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Marcel Bode
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

The European Union’s Cohesion Policy plays a key role to reduce development disparities between regions in the EU in order to increase economic, social and territorial cohesion. Cohesion Policy in the EU is planned and implemented within a multilevel governance structure embracing a wide range of stakeholders. For the 2007-2013 programming period, a formal three-level control structure was introduced at national level for the first time, with the audit authority as the first “independent” audit layer. Preliminary studies indicate that the introduction of the AAs has been a milestone in making the management and control system of the EU’s budget implementation more robust, thus contributing to protect the EU budget from ineligible spending. This research paper analyses whether the work of the national audit authorities in the framework of the EU’s Cohesion Policy has an effect towards the assurance level of the EU spending in this area. The analysis links the development of the irregular spending with the development of the tasks entrusted to the audit authorities. The main objective of the article is to conclude on whether the evolution of the responsibilities of the audit authorities contributed towards a more robust management and control system for the delivery of Cohesion Policy.

Refining pulp for tensile strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Kerekes ◽  
J. O. Heymer ◽  
J. D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fibre Development ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Multiple Cycles

Abstract Increased tensile strength of paper is a primary objective of low consistency refining. Although refining is typically controlled by Specific Refining Energy and Specific Edge Load, these parameters are not independent because both depend directly on power. To overcome this shortcoming, we derived simplified expressions for the number and intensity of impacts on pulp. The number of impacts reflects the capacity of the refiner to impose loading cycles on pulp. The intensity, combined with a response parameter, reflects the probability of a successful refining event at each impact. Based on these parameters, we employed an equation based on cumulative probability to predict tensile strength of pulp after refining. Non-linear fits of this equation to data from the literature for a wide range of pulps refined by various refiners gave response parameters that were remarkably similar ranging from 1.6 – 3.3 × 10 − 6 1.6\text{--}3.3\times {10^{-6}}  kg/J. The resulting probability of successful refining events at each impact was found to be quite small, about 1–3 %. We postulated that this is likely due to most force being imposed at fibre crossings in the pulp network. Consequently, multiple cycles are required to expose other parts of fibres and new fibres to loadings. In summary, this new approach to characterizing refining reflects the stochastic nature of the process and enables a direct quantitative link between refiner operation and fibre development.

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

Extraction of DNA from a Wide Range of Objects by Treatment with Ammonium Salts

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
E.I. Levitin ◽  
B.V. Sviridov ◽  
O.V. Piksasova ◽  
T.E. Shustikova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Plasmid Extraction ◽  
Two Hybrid

Currently, simple, rapid, and efficient techniques for DNA isolation from a wide range of organisms are in demand in biotechnology and bioinformatics. A key (and often limiting) step is the cell wall disruption and subsequent DNA extraction from the disintegrated cells. We have developed a new approach to DNA isolation from organisms with robust cell walls. The protocol includes the following steps: treatment of cells or tissue samples with ammonium acetate followed by cell lysis in low-salt buffer with the addition of SDS. Further DNA extraction is carried out according to standard methods. This approach is efficient for high-molecular native DNA isolation from bacteria, ascomycetes, yeast, and mammalian blood; it is also useful for express analysis of environmental microbial isolates and for plasmid extraction for two-hybrid library screening. express method for DNA isolation; ammonium salt treatment (в русских ключевых такой порядок), osmotic breakage of cells This study was financially supported by the NRC "Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA Kurchatov Genomic Center.

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgareMill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamkant B. Badgujar ◽  
Vainav V. Patel ◽  
Atmaram H. Bandivdekar
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Foeniculum vulgareMill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. The review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology ofFoeniculum vulgare. It also compiles available scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be filled by future research. Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates thatFoeniculum vulgareremains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in severalin vitroandin vivopharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property.Foeniculum vulgarehas emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.

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