scholarly journals LoRaWAN and Blockchain based Safety and Health Monitoring System for Industry 4.0 Operators

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Froiz-Míguez ◽  
Paula Fraga-Lamas ◽  
José Varela-Barbeito ◽  
Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Safety And Health

The latest advances in the different Industry 4.0 technologies have enabled the automation and optimization of complex tasks of production processes thanks to their ability to monitor and track the state of physical elements like machinery, environmental sensors/actuators or industrial operators. This paper focuses on the latter and presents the design and evaluation of a system for monitoring industrial workers that provides a near real-time decentralized response system aimed at reacting and tracing events that affect operator personal safety and health. Such a monitoring system is based on the information collected from sensors encapsulated in IoT wearables that are used to measure both personal and environmental data. The communications architecture relies on LoRaWAN, an LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technology that offers good reliability in harsh communications environments and that provides relatively long distance communications with low-energy consumption. Specifically, each wearable sends the collected information (e.g., heart rate, altitude, external temperature, gas concentration, location) from the sensors to the nearest LoRaWAN gateway, which is transmitted to a pool of nodes where information is stored in a distributed manner. Such a decentralized system allows for providing information redundancy and guarantees its availability as long as there is an operative node. In addition, the proposed system is able to store and to process the collected data through smart contracts in a blockchain, which eliminate the need for a central backend and ensure the traceability and immutability of such data in order to share them with third parties (e.g., insurance companies or medical services).

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nur-A-Alam ◽  
Mominul Ahsan ◽  
Md. Abdul Based ◽  
Julfikar Haider ◽  
Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
At Home

In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.

scholarly journals A Long-Distance Communication Architecture for Medical Devices Based on LoRaWAN Protocol

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Cristina Gaitan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Distance Communication

Recent market studies show that the market for remote monitoring devices of different medical parameters will grow exponentially. Globally, more than 4 million individuals will be monitored remotely from the perspective of different health parameters by 2023. Of particular importance is the way of remote transmission of the information acquired from the medical sensors. At this time, there are several methods such as Bluetooth, WI-FI, or other wireless communication interfaces. Recently, the communication based on LoRa (Long Range) technology has had an explosive development that allows the transmission of information over long distances with low energy consumption. The implementation of the IoT (Internet of Things) applications using LoRa devices based on open Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol for long distances with low energy consumption can also be used in the medical field. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed and developed a long-distance communication architecture for medical devices based on the LoRaWAN protocol that allows data communications over a distance of more than 10 km.

scholarly journals An Autonomous Low-Power LoRa-Based Flood-Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Ragnoli ◽  
Gianluca Barile ◽  
Alfiero Leoni ◽  
Giuseppe Ferri ◽  
Vincenzo Stornelli
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Node Architecture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wireless Module

The development of Internet of Things (IoT) systems is a rapidly evolving scenario, thanks also to newly available low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that are utilized for environmental monitoring purposes and to prevent potentially dangerous situations with smaller and less expensive physical structures. This paper presents the design, implementation and test results of a flood-monitoring system based on LoRa technology, tested in a real-world scenario. The entire system is designed in a modular perspective, in order to have the capability to interface different types of sensors without the need for making significant hardware changes to the proposed node architecture. The information is stored through a device equipped with sensors and a microcontroller, connected to a LoRa wireless module for sending data, which are then processed and stored through a web structure where the alarm function is implemented in case of flooding.

Field Study of Low-Energy Long-Distance Wireless Communication for IoT Application in Remote Areas

Mekatronika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Kwai Yang Sak ◽  
Ahmad Najmuddin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Long Distance

Long Range (LoRa) is a wireless radio frequency technology under the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). LoRa is able to communicate long range and low energy consumption. The communication range has become an essential element in the wireless radio frequency technology in the Internet of Things (IoT). The presence of LoRa is able IoT application performs in long communication distances with high noise sensitivity ability. People can operate, monitor, and do a variety of tasks from a remote distance. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the performance of the LoRa connection between radio transceivers in remote locations. The different environment and structural elements affect the LoRa performance. This thesis will be supported by the experiment that LoRa communication in different environments and tests. This experiment tests in line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS). Two sets of LoRa parameters, including Spreading Factor (SF), Bandwidth, and coding rate, are tested in different environments. The experiment tests the LoRa performance in various aspects: received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet received ratio (PPR) at different coverage ranges. In addition, the LoRa performance is evaluated in university, residential areas and vegetation areas under similar temperature, weather, and time. The LoRa coverage distance in the vegetation area and university area is reached 900 meters in the LOS test. Still, the vegetation area's signal is more stable and able to receive weaker RSSI signals. The LoRa coverage distance in the NLOS test is shorter compared to the LOS test. NLOS test has only one-third of the LOS LoRa communication distance. It is due to the signal penetration on structural elements such as buildings and woods cause the signal power loss and only transmitting a shorter distance. The LoRa parameter with SF9, 31.25kHz bandwidth and 4/8 coding rate has a better coverage range and stable connection.

Chirp Spreading Spectrum in Imperfect Environment and Wireless Tree Topology Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Li ◽  
Dongyan Zhao ◽  
Xiaoke Tang ◽  
Jie Gan ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Tree Topology ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Target Node ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
And Performance

With the rapid development of IoT technology in recent years, higher requirements have been put forward for wireless communication technology. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology is emerging rapidly, the technology is characterized by low power consumption, low bandwidth, long-distance, and a large number of connections, and is specifically designed for Internet of Things applications. LoRa (Low Power Long Range Transceiver), as a typical representative of LPWAN technology, has been widely concerned and studied. This paper analyzes the performance of LoRa modulation in the tree topology network and analyzes the performance of LoRa modulation in the imperfect environment for point-to-point communication and multipoint-to-point communication. From theoretical analysis and performance simulation, it can be seen that the influence of frequency offset or multipath fading on LoRa signal is very obvious. However, when LoRa modulation is used for networking, multi-user interference will be introduced. Under the influence of many imperfect factors, the signal receiver performance of LoRa modulation will be difficult to guarantee. Because of these effects, Coordinated Multiple Points based on Timing Delay (DCoMP) is presented. Multiple nodes close to each other send the same data to the target node. Due to the inaccurate synchronization between nodes, there will be a certain relative delay when sending signals to the same target node. After the receiving node combines the signals of multiple nodes according to different relative delays, the reception performance of the signals can be improved. At the same time, the cooperative node can also actively adjust the signal sending time to improve the reception performance of the receiving node signal merging algorithm. LoRa modulation, by using DCoMP transmission, improves the reception of signals and thus the overall capacity of the system. Through the analysis of multipoint communication and single point communication, this paper is of great help to LoRa network deployment.

scholarly journals Tracking and Monitoring System Based on LoRa Technology for Lightweight Boats

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽  
Ignacio G. Liaño ◽  
Christian Simoes ◽  
Elena Couñago ◽  
Antonio Skarmeta
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Communication Paradigm ◽  
Satellite Links ◽  
High Power Consumption ◽  
Limited Power

Maritime communications are really challenging due to the adverse transmission conditions and the lack of a pre-provided infrastructure for supporting long range connectivity with land. Communications in high seas are usually covered by satellite links that are expensive and lead to high power consumption by the terminals. However, in areas closer to the shore, other communication options have been adopted for different kinds of services such as boat tracking and telemetry, data collection from moored monitoring systems, etc. In these scenarios, technologies such as cellular communications or wireless sensor networks have been employed so far; nevertheless, all of them present different drawbacks mostly related with the coverage and energy-efficiency of the system. Recently, a novel communication paradigm, so-called Low Power-Wide Area Network (LP-WAN) has gained momentum due to its interesting characteristics regarding transmission distances and end-node’s power consumption. The latter may be of great interest for ships with energetic restrictions such as small sailboats, recreational boats, or radio control ships. For that reason, in this work, we present a boat tracking and monitoring system based on LoRa (Long Range), one of the most prominent LP-WAN technologies. We provide a comprehensive overview of this communication solution as well as a discussion addressing its benefits when applied to maritime scenarios. We present the results extracted from a case of study, where real-training sessions of Optimist Class sailboats have been monitored by means of the presented architecture, obtaining good levels of coverage and link-reliability with limited power consumption. A transmission range study is also presented, demonstrating the validity of this proposal for monitoring activities inside the port or maneuvers close to the shore.

scholarly journals Anti-Multipath Performance Improvement of an M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying Modulation System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyuan Wang ◽  
Hongxian Tian
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phase Jump ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Main Path ◽  
Shift Keying

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) is the technology that the Internet-of-Things (IoT) uses in long-distance, wide-coverage scenarios. As one of the ultra-narrowband (UNB) modulation techniques, M-ary position phase shift keying (MPPSK) modulation can provide high coverage and high reliability for LPWAN. This paper proposes a multipath separation method based on MPPSK modulation, which aims to eliminate the influence of multipath on the main path without increasing the spectrum overhead and system complexity. Specifically, the modulation parameter of the system is adjusted according to the delay value, so that the phase jump of the multipath signal falls outside the phase jump of the main path symbol to achieve separation of the multipath from the main path. Moreover, a normalized symbol joint decision method is proposed in order to reduce the introduced noise while using multipath information for decisions. The simulation results indicate that the multipath separation conditions given in this paper can meet the requirements of multipath separation of MPPSK signals. Compared with the existing mainstream decision scheme, the normalized symbol joint decision improves the demodulation performance of the system.

LoRaWAN for an IoT-based environmental monitoring application in Tirana city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evjola Spaho ◽  
Aleksandër Biberaj ◽  
Ares Tahiraga
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Monitoring Application

AbstractRecently, low power wide area networks are attracting a lot of attention by the research community. They are wireless technologies characterized by large coverage area, low bandwidth and long battery life. One of these low power wide area networks technologies, the long range wide area network, can be used for different monitoring applications for health, agriculture, traffic, smart city.In this paper, different simulations and experiments are conducted to implement a low-cost long-range wide area network environmental monitoring application for Tirana city in Albania. Simulation and experimental data are compared and similar results were obtained. In the low-cost implemented system, the gateway can communicate with the sensors placed in strategic positions with long distance covered also using Radio Mobile software.

scholarly journals Monitoring System of Transmission Line in Mountainous Area Based on LPWAN

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4898
Author(s):  
Han Zeng ◽  
Pengqi Zuo ◽  
Fangming Deng ◽  
Pei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Mountainous Areas

In light of the difficulty of the inspection and maintenance of a transmission line condition monitoring system in remote mountainous areas, this paper proposes a long-term online monitoring scheme based on a low power wide area network (LPWAN). Considering different failure rates, three monitoring periods of transmission lines in mountainous areas are proposed. An online monitoring framework of transmission lines in mountainous areas was designed based on long range radio (LoRa) and a cellular mobile network, and a dynamic group network model of LoRa was established. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm can be used to optimize the energy and delay of the system, and then the suitable working mode for the three monitoring periods can be obtained. The simulation results showed that the minimum packet loss rate of the system could be less than 1%, the energy consumption of the system was 80% lower than the existing monitoring system, and the service life of the system can reach 15.13 years under the normal failure rate. Compared with the existing schemes, the proposed work shows the advantages of high reliability transmission, low cost and long-term monitoring, which is especially for transmission line monitoring in mountainous areas.

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